Changes

[[Santarpaniya Adhyaya]] is the third chapter in the ''Yojana Chatushka'' (tetrad on management protocol). Sequenced after the chapter on Ayurvedic therapeutics, this chapter lists diseases caused due to ''Santarpana'' (overnutrition) and ''apatarpana'' (undernutrition) and their management through nutraceutical food supplements and medicaments. The chapter also contains a comprehensive list of commonly available list of herbs used for ''Santarpaniya'' diseases, such as ''triphala, aragwadha,'' etc.

[[Santarpaniya Adhyaya]] is the third chapter in the ''Yojana Chatushka'' (tetrad on management protocol). Sequenced after the chapter on Ayurvedic therapeutics, this chapter lists diseases caused due to ''Santarpana'' (overnutrition) and ''apatarpana'' (undernutrition) and their management through nutraceutical food supplements and medicaments. The chapter also contains a comprehensive list of commonly available list of herbs used for ''Santarpaniya'' diseases, such as ''triphala, aragwadha,'' etc.

</div>

</div>

=== Chapter 24. Characteristics of Shonita (Blood), its vitiation and disorders - [[ Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya ]]

=== Chapter 24. Characteristics of Shonita (Blood), its vitiation and disorders - [[ Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya ]] ===

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

This chapter focuses on ''rakta dhatu'' (blood tissue), delineating the characteristic features of pure blood as well as the factors influencing the formation of blood. ''Shuddha rakta'' (pure blood) is formed by following proper dietary habits as described in Ayurveda. Therefore, characteristics of pure blood, the causative factors for vitiation of blood, ''dosha'' specific features of vitiated blood, their treatment and procedure of bloodletting are described in this chapter. Since blood plays an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, a description of ailments such as ''mada'' (intoxication/confusion), ''murchha'' (syncope), and ''sanyasa'' (coma), their pathology and courses of treatment, and mind’s role in the pathogenesis of some of these diseases have also been provided.  

This chapter focuses on ''rakta dhatu'' (blood tissue), delineating the characteristic features of pure blood as well as the factors influencing the formation of blood. ''Shuddha rakta'' (pure blood) is formed by following proper dietary habits as described in Ayurveda. Therefore, characteristics of pure blood, the causative factors for vitiation of blood, ''dosha'' specific features of vitiated blood, their treatment and procedure of bloodletting are described in this chapter. Since blood plays an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, a description of ailments such as ''mada'' (intoxication/confusion), ''murchha'' (syncope), and ''sanyasa'' (coma), their pathology and courses of treatment, and mind’s role in the pathogenesis of some of these diseases have also been provided.  

</div>

</div>

=== Chapter 25. Origin of Human Beings and the best things for life - [[Yajjah Purushiya Adhyaya]]

=== Chapter 25. Origin of Human Beings and the best things for life - [[Yajjah Purushiya Adhyaya]] ===

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

This chapter, the first within the ''annapana chatushka'' (tetrad of guidelines on diet and beverages), is based on the findings of a congregation of ancient  Ayurveda practitioners and sages, assembled to understand the origin of ''Purusha'' (conscious/sentient being) and causes of diseases that afflict the ''purusha''. Different theories to understand various aspects that influence the ''purusha'' were postulated, such as those of ''atma'' (spirit), ''mana'' (mind), ''rasa, shad dhatu'' (six elements), ''matru-pitru'' (parents), ''karma'' (past deeds), ''swabhava'' (nature), ''Prajapati'' (creator), and ''Kala'' (time). After considering all these postulations, Lord Punarvasu Atreya concluded that the same factors that are responsible for the origin of humans are responsible for diseases too. The most commonly applicable wholesome (and unwholesome) diet is discussed with examples. A specific concept called ''agrya samgraha'' (definitive and first choice of medication or treatment) is introduced. In all, one hundred fifty-six drugs and therapies have been enumerated in this chapter. Also listed are 84 ingredients used in alcoholic preparations that help in strengthening the patient’s mind, body and digestive power (''agni'').  

This chapter, the first within the ''annapana chatushka'' (tetrad of guidelines on diet and beverages), is based on the findings of a congregation of ancient  Ayurveda practitioners and sages, assembled to understand the origin of ''Purusha'' (conscious/sentient being) and causes of diseases that afflict the ''purusha''. Different theories to understand various aspects that influence the ''purusha'' were postulated, such as those of ''atma'' (spirit), ''mana'' (mind), ''rasa, shad dhatu'' (six elements), ''matru-pitru'' (parents), ''karma'' (past deeds), ''swabhava'' (nature), ''Prajapati'' (creator), and ''Kala'' (time). After considering all these postulations, Lord Punarvasu Atreya concluded that the same factors that are responsible for the origin of humans are responsible for diseases too. The most commonly applicable wholesome (and unwholesome) diet is discussed with examples. A specific concept called ''agrya samgraha'' (definitive and first choice of medication or treatment) is introduced. In all, one hundred fifty-six drugs and therapies have been enumerated in this chapter. Also listed are 84 ingredients used in alcoholic preparations that help in strengthening the patient’s mind, body and digestive power (''agni'').  

</div>

</div>

=== Chapter 26. Pharmacological principles of wholesome and unwholesome diet - [[Atreyabhadrakapyiya Adhyaya]]

=== Chapter 26. Pharmacological principles of wholesome and unwholesome diet - [[Atreyabhadrakapyiya Adhyaya]] ===

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

The significance of wholesome (''hita, pathya'') and unwholesome (''ahita, apathya'') foods was dealt with in the previous chapter ([[Yajjah Purushiya]]). In this chapter named after Lord Atreya and a renowned sage Bhadrakapya, certain concepts and pharmacological principles explain the workings of ''hita'' and ''ahita ahara/dravyas''. The sages, in the company of other learned exponents (''acharyas''), assembled to discuss the "correlation between ''rasa'' (taste) and diet (''ahara'')," the gist of which is discussed here. Principles of Ayurvedic pharmacology like ''rasa'' (taste), ''veerya'' (potency), ''guna'' (quality), ''vipaka'' (metabolite) and ''prabhava'' (specific principle) are discussed to understand the mechanism of action of drugs. Certain food articles and their combination are incompatible to the body and lead to disease due to their antagonistic properties. These are categorized under ''viruddha''. This concept is described in details in the present chapter.

The significance of wholesome (''hita, pathya'') and unwholesome (''ahita, apathya'') foods was dealt with in the previous chapter ([[Yajjah Purushiya]]). In this chapter named after Lord Atreya and a renowned sage Bhadrakapya, certain concepts and pharmacological principles explain the workings of ''hita'' and ''ahita ahara/dravyas''. The sages, in the company of other learned exponents (''acharyas''), assembled to discuss the "correlation between ''rasa'' (taste) and diet (''ahara'')," the gist of which is discussed here. Principles of Ayurvedic pharmacology like ''rasa'' (taste), ''veerya'' (potency), ''guna'' (quality), ''vipaka'' (metabolite) and ''prabhava'' (specific principle) are discussed to understand the mechanism of action of drugs. Certain food articles and their combination are incompatible to the body and lead to disease due to their antagonistic properties. These are categorized under ''viruddha''. This concept is described in details in the present chapter.

</div>

</div>

=== Chapter 27. Classification and Regimen of food and beverages - [[ Annapanavidhi Adhyaya ]]  

=== Chapter 27. Classification and Regimen of food and beverages - [[ Annapanavidhi Adhyaya ]] ===

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

The characteristics of edibles and beverages have been classified into twelve categories by type: cereals, pulses, meat, green vegetables, fruits, green herbs, alcoholic beverages, water, milk and milk products, sweet products including honey, prepared items, and ''ahara upayogi'' (useful foods). Since food is considered in Ayurveda to be the source of life as well as diseases, this chapter is dedicated to a discussion on various dietary preparations, including post-prandial drinks and their characteristics. The chapter encompasses various principles of digestion of food and beverages according to its habitat, age, part used, processing method, its mixture. ''Agni'' (digestive capacity) of an individual is important for processing the food properly and achieving the desirable effects.

The characteristics of edibles and beverages have been classified into twelve categories by type: cereals, pulses, meat, green vegetables, fruits, green herbs, alcoholic beverages, water, milk and milk products, sweet products including honey, prepared items, and ''ahara upayogi'' (useful foods). Since food is considered in Ayurveda to be the source of life as well as diseases, this chapter is dedicated to a discussion on various dietary preparations, including post-prandial drinks and their characteristics. The chapter encompasses various principles of digestion of food and beverages according to its habitat, age, part used, processing method, its mixture. ''Agni'' (digestive capacity) of an individual is important for processing the food properly and achieving the desirable effects.

</div>

</div>

=== Chapter 28. Sequential Effects of food and beverages - [[ Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya ]]

=== Chapter 28. Sequential Effects of food and beverages - [[ Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya ]]===

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

The twenty-eighth chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]] – [[Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya]] - describes the principles of digestion and metabolism. The formation of tissue elements and byproducts during this process are explained in detail. Food is emphasized as the causative factor for preservation of health and occurrence of diseases. Apart from food, factors like habitat, season, combination, potency and excess consumption affecting the status of immunity and disease in the body have also been discussed here. The chapter explains why some people are healthy even after consuming unwholesome food articles while others suffer from diseases even after following wholesome food habits. This chapter also talks of diseases caused to vitiation of various tissue elements and factors responsible for the movement of ''dosha'' from ''koshtha'' (gut) to ''shakha'' (periphery). These factors are important for disease management.

The twenty-eighth chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]] – [[Vividhashitapitiya Adhyaya]] - describes the principles of digestion and metabolism. The formation of tissue elements and byproducts during this process are explained in detail. Food is emphasized as the causative factor for preservation of health and occurrence of diseases. Apart from food, factors like habitat, season, combination, potency and excess consumption affecting the status of immunity and disease in the body have also been discussed here. The chapter explains why some people are healthy even after consuming unwholesome food articles while others suffer from diseases even after following wholesome food habits. This chapter also talks of diseases caused to vitiation of various tissue elements and factors responsible for the movement of ''dosha'' from ''koshtha'' (gut) to ''shakha'' (periphery). These factors are important for disease management.

</div>

</div>

=== Chapter 29. The Ten Seats of Life Forces - [[ Dashapranayataneeya Adhyaya ]]

=== Chapter 29. The Ten Seats of Life Forces - [[ Dashapranayataneeya Adhyaya ]]===

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

As the name suggests, the twenty-ninth chapter of the [[Sutra Sthana]] provides a brief description of the ten vital locations of life forces. The characteristics to define and distinguish between the qualified physician and the quack are detailed further. The qualified physician is said to be a “companion of the life forces” (''pranabhisara'') that dwell in the body, especially in the ten seats specified above. On the other hand, the quack is said to be a companion of diseases (''roganamabhisara''). In the process of enumerating the characteristics of the qualified physician, this chapter also gives a succinct summary of the entire [[Sutra Sthana]], implying that it represents the core subjects and skills a physician needs to acquire. The behavior of the quack is then portrayed vividly, and the chapter concludes with an express warning to the patients to never fall prey to the quack. It is also made clear that the responsibility of licensing the qualified physicians and censuring the quacks rests with the King and the State.

As the name suggests, the twenty-ninth chapter of the [[Sutra Sthana]] provides a brief description of the ten vital locations of life forces. The characteristics to define and distinguish between the qualified physician and the quack are detailed further. The qualified physician is said to be a “companion of the life forces” (''pranabhisara'') that dwell in the body, especially in the ten seats specified above. On the other hand, the quack is said to be a companion of diseases (''roganamabhisara''). In the process of enumerating the characteristics of the qualified physician, this chapter also gives a succinct summary of the entire [[Sutra Sthana]], implying that it represents the core subjects and skills a physician needs to acquire. The behavior of the quack is then portrayed vividly, and the chapter concludes with an express warning to the patients to never fall prey to the quack. It is also made clear that the responsibility of licensing the qualified physicians and censuring the quacks rests with the King and the State.

</div>

</div>

=== Chapter 30. The Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life - [[ Arthedashmahamooliya Adhyaya ]] ===

=== Chapter 30. The Ten great vessels arising from Heart and aspects of healthy life - [[ Arthedashmahamooliya Adhyaya ]] ===

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

The last chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Arthedashmahamooliya Adhyaya]], emphasizes some of the fundamental principles of life, health, and disease. Though the chapter begins with a description of the heart and ten great vessels attached to it and talks about several aspects of vital importance such as ''shira, dhamani, srotas, ojas,'' etc., the salient features of a good Ayurvedic practitioner, and goes on to providing a complete definition of ''Ayu'' and  Ayurveda. Beneficial, non-beneficial, happy and unhappy kinds of life have also been described in the chapter. In the end, an entire table of contents of this treatise has been provided.

The last chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Arthedashmahamooliya Adhyaya]], emphasizes some of the fundamental principles of life, health, and disease. Though the chapter begins with a description of the heart and ten great vessels attached to it and talks about several aspects of vital importance such as ''shira, dhamani, srotas, ojas,'' etc., the salient features of a good Ayurvedic practitioner, and goes on to providing a complete definition of ''Ayu'' and  Ayurveda. Beneficial, non-beneficial, happy and unhappy kinds of life have also been described in the chapter. In the end, an entire table of contents of this treatise has been provided.

</div>

</div>