Changes

==== Etiopathogenesis ====

==== Etiopathogenesis ====

Impairment of ''jatharagni'' leads to morbidity of all the three ''dosha''. ''Mala'' in the present context refers to morbid ''vata'', ''pitta'' and ''kapha'', the metabolic bi-products formed during ''dhatu'' metabolism i.e. during tissue formation as well as the wastes like excreta<ref name="ref1">Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita, elaborated by Charaka & Dridabala with Ayurveda Deepika commentary by Chakrapani Datta, Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji ed., 2009 Edition, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Pp 738, Pg no 491</ref>. Impairment of ''agni'' leads to excess formation of metabolic bi products (''mala'') and less formation of quality products. This leads to accumulation of the waste at micro-cellular circulation, which causes multiple diseases. More specifically, this accumulation of wastes at various visceral organs like liver, spleen etc. leads to distension of abdomen<ref name="ref13">Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita, elaborated by Charaka & Dridabala with jalpakalpataru commentary by gangadhara, 3rd part, kaviraja shri narendranathasen gupta; kaviraja shri balayichandrasen gupta, ed., 1st Edition, Culcutta, C.K.Sen and company ltd, Pp3828, Pg no 2815</ref>.  

Impairment of ''jatharagni'' leads to morbidity of all the three ''dosha''. ''Mala'' in the present context refers to morbid ''vata'', ''pitta'' and ''kapha'', the metabolic bi-products formed during ''dhatu'' metabolism i.e. during tissue formation as well as the wastes like excreta<ref name="ref1">Agnivesha. Charak Samhita, elaborated by Charak & Dridabala with Ayurveda Deepika commentary by Chakrapani Datta, Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji ed., 2009 Edition, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Pp 738, Pg no 491</ref>. Impairment of ''agni'' leads to excess formation of metabolic bi products (''mala'') and less formation of quality products. This leads to accumulation of the waste at micro-cellular circulation, which causes multiple diseases. More specifically, this accumulation of wastes at various visceral organs like liver, spleen etc. leads to distension of abdomen<ref name="ref13">Agnivesha. [[Charak Samhita]], elaborated by Charak & Dridabala with jalpakalpataru commentary by gangadhara, 3rd part, kaviraja shri narendranathasen gupta; kaviraja shri balayichandrasen gupta, ed., 1st Edition, Culcutta, C.K.Sen and company ltd, Pp3828, Pg no 2815</ref>.  

''Malina ahara'' meaning unhealthy food refers to all food articles that cause morbidity of ''dosha'' in the body when consumed<ref name="ref1" />. ''Malina ahara'' also includes unclean vegetable and other food articles<ref name="ref13" />

''Malina ahara'' meaning unhealthy food refers to all food articles that cause morbidity of ''dosha'' in the body when consumed<ref name="ref1" />. ''Malina ahara'' also includes unclean vegetable and other food articles<ref name="ref13" />

Excessive dryness of the body in the absence of counteracting the same by proper measures leads to the ''udara roga''. The disease ''ama'' causing ''udara'' refers to the chronic perpetuation ''ama'' leads to ''udara roga''.<ref name="ref12">Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita, elaborated by Charaka & Dridabala with Ayurveda Deepika commentary by Chakrapani Datta, Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji ed., 2009 Edition, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Pp 738, Pg no 492</ref>

Excessive dryness of the body in the absence of counteracting the same by proper measures leads to the ''udara roga''. The disease ''ama'' causing ''udara'' refers to the chronic perpetuation ''ama'' leads to ''udara roga''.<ref name="ref12">Agnivesha. Charak Samhita, elaborated by Charak & Dridabala with Ayurveda Deepika commentary by Chakrapani Datta, Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji ed., 2009 Edition, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Pp 738, Pg no 492</ref>

''Ama'' as a cause of ''udara'' also refers to the consumption of uncooked foods.<ref name="ref13" />

''Ama'' as a cause of ''udara'' also refers to the consumption of uncooked foods.<ref name="ref13" />

Listing of sinful acts as etiology indicates the serious unrighteousness as the potent etiology of ''udara roga''<ref name="ref12" /> [12-13].

Listing of sinful acts as etiology indicates the serious unrighteousness as the potent etiology of ''udara roga''<ref name="ref12" /> [12-13].

All the foods that are greasy, heavy for digestion or light for digestion and dry causes ''vidaha'' (burning sensation in the abdomen during the digestion of foods) or else the patient develops ''vidaghdajirna''(intermediate state of digestion that caused burning)<ref>Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita, elaborated by Charaka & Dridabala with Jalpakalpataru commentary by gangadhara, 3rd part, kaviraja shri narendranathasen gupta; kaviraja shri balayichandrasen gupta, ed., 1st Edition, Culcutta, C.K.Sen and company ltd, Pp3828, Pg no 2816</ref>[12-15] .

All the foods that are greasy, heavy for digestion or light for digestion and dry causes ''vidaha'' (burning sensation in the abdomen during the digestion of foods) or else the patient develops ''vidaghdajirna''(intermediate state of digestion that caused burning)<ref>Agnivesha. [[Charak Samhita]], elaborated by Charak & Dridabala with Jalpakalpataru commentary by gangadhara, 3rd part, kaviraja shri narendranathasen gupta; kaviraja shri balayichandrasen gupta, ed., 1st Edition, Culcutta, C.K.Sen and company ltd, Pp3828, Pg no 2816</ref>[12-15] .

The pathogenesis mentioned earlier in the text is of all types of ''udara roga''. The pathogenesis described here is that of the four types of ''udara'' caused by ''morbid dosha'' viz ''vatodara, pittodara, kaphodara'' and ''sannipatodara''<ref name="ref12" />[20].

The pathogenesis mentioned earlier in the text is of all types of ''udara roga''. The pathogenesis described here is that of the four types of ''udara'' caused by ''morbid dosha'' viz ''vatodara, pittodara, kaphodara'' and ''sannipatodara''<ref name="ref12" />[20].

Literally the term ''dushya'' refers to the pathology of affliction. Since the illness occurs due to the affliction of ''rakta''; it is termed as ''dushyodara''. Or else, the mutual affliction of ''dosha'' is characteristic of ''sannipatodara'' hence is termed as ''dushyodara''<ref>Madhavakara, Madhavanidham with Madhukosha Sanskrit comantary of Vijayarakshitha and Shrikantadutta, edited by vaidya yadavaji trikamji, Pandurang jawaji, nirnayasagar press, Page no. 495 with page 269</ref>.

Literally the term ''dushya'' refers to the pathology of affliction. Since the illness occurs due to the affliction of ''rakta''; it is termed as ''dushyodara''. Or else, the mutual affliction of ''dosha'' is characteristic of ''sannipatodara'' hence is termed as ''dushyodara''<ref>Madhavakara, Madhavanidham with Madhukosha Sanskrit comantary of Vijayarakshitha and Shrikantadutta, edited by vaidya yadavaji trikamji, Pandurang jawaji, nirnayasagar press, Page no. 495 with page 269</ref>.

Wicked ladies with an intention of subjugating male partners or winning love, likely to offer food mixed with poison treated substances like menstrual blood, body dirt, hair, excreta, urine bone and nails. Person unaware of the mischief of ladies likely to consume the adulterated food offered by them and suffer from ''sannipatodara''. Even enemies may practice adulterating the food with poison treated substances. Unknowingly, consuming such food also leads to the ''sannipatodara''<ref>Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita, elaborated by Charaka & Dridabala with Jalpakalpataru commentary by gangadhara, 3rd part, kaviraja shri narendranathasen gupta; kaviraja shri balayichandrasen gupta, ed., 1st Edition, Culcutta, C.K.Sen and company ltd, Pp3828, Pg no. 2820</ref>.

Wicked ladies with an intention of subjugating male partners or winning love, likely to offer food mixed with poison treated substances like menstrual blood, body dirt, hair, excreta, urine bone and nails. Person unaware of the mischief of ladies likely to consume the adulterated food offered by them and suffer from ''sannipatodara''. Even enemies may practice adulterating the food with poison treated substances. Unknowingly, consuming such food also leads to the ''sannipatodara''<ref>Agnivesha. Charak Samhita, elaborated by Charak & Dridabala with Jalpakalpataru commentary by gangadhara, 3rd part, kaviraja shri narendra natha sengupta; kaviraja shri balayichandra sengupta, ed., 1st Edition, Culcutta, C.K.Sen and company ltd, Pp3828, Pg no. 2820</ref>.

Probably the slow poisoning is attempted by the enemies. The poisons having reduced potency due to the act of environmental factors is known as ''dushivisha''. The enemies may contaminate the food with such ''dushivisha''. Person consuming such contaminated food suffers from ''sannipatodara''<ref name="ref12" /> [32].

Probably the slow poisoning is attempted by the enemies. The poisons having reduced potency due to the act of environmental factors is known as ''dushivisha''. The enemies may contaminate the food with such ''dushivisha''. Person consuming such contaminated food suffers from ''sannipatodara''<ref name="ref12" /> [32].

Among the above said list of etiological factors; variety of dietary factors like sweet and greasy foods that cause affliction of ''rakta dhatu'' is the cause of ''achyuta plihavriddhi''. All the other etiological factors are of ''chyuta plihavriddhi'' <ref name="ref31" /> [35].

Among the above said list of etiological factors; variety of dietary factors like sweet and greasy foods that cause affliction of ''rakta dhatu'' is the cause of ''achyuta plihavriddhi''. All the other etiological factors are of ''chyuta plihavriddhi'' <ref name="ref31" /> [35].

The Sanskrit term ''chyuta'' refers to the act to descend and the ''vriddhi'' implies abdominal enlargement. Descent of the spleen is said to happen due to the violent jerk that happens during different physical activities. Descended spleen causes abdominal enlargement. Further this is of four types based on causative morbidity of ''dosha'' as ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja'' and ''sannipataja''. <ref name="ref31">Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita, elaborated by Charaka & Dridabala with Ayurveda Deepika commentary by Chakrapani Datta, Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji ed., 2009 Edition, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Pp 738, Pg no 493</ref>In Sanskrit, the word ''Achyuta'' refers to lack of downward displacement. ''Vriddhi'' refers to the abdominal enlargement. Put together, the word ''achyuta plihavriddhi'' refers to the abdominal enlargement due to splenic causes without its descending. The morbidity of the ''rakta dhatu'' causes enlargement of the spleen which in turn is responsible for the abdominal distension. Thus, the ''chyuta'' and ''achyuta'' type of ''plihodara'' together forms five types of ''plihodara''<ref name="ref31" /> [36].

The Sanskrit term ''chyuta'' refers to the act to descend and the ''vriddhi'' implies abdominal enlargement. Descent of the spleen is said to happen due to the violent jerk that happens during different physical activities. Descended spleen causes abdominal enlargement. Further this is of four types based on causative morbidity of ''dosha'' as ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja'' and ''sannipataja''. <ref name="ref31">Agnivesha. Charak Samhita, elaborated by Charak & Dridabala with Ayurveda Deepika commentary by Chakrapani Datta, Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji ed., 2009 Edition, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Pp 738, Pg no 493</ref>In Sanskrit, the word ''Achyuta'' refers to lack of downward displacement. ''Vriddhi'' refers to the abdominal enlargement. Put together, the word ''achyuta plihavriddhi'' refers to the abdominal enlargement due to splenic causes without its descending. The morbidity of the ''rakta dhatu'' causes enlargement of the spleen which in turn is responsible for the abdominal distension. Thus, the ''chyuta'' and ''achyuta'' type of ''plihodara'' together forms five types of ''plihodara''<ref name="ref31" /> [36].

Febrile illness of mild degree is the symptom of ''plihodara''. Habitual consumption of food habits that cause burning sensation leads to the morbidity of ''rakta'' as well as ''pitta dosha''. Morbid ''pitta dosha'' and ''rakta dhatu'' cause mild fever. Further loss of appetite is a clinical symptom of ''plihodara''. Habitual consumption of ''abhishyandi'' foods causes morbidity of ''kapha'' which in turn is responsible for the impairment of ''agni''<ref name="ref9" /> [37-38].

Febrile illness of mild degree is the symptom of ''plihodara''. Habitual consumption of food habits that cause burning sensation leads to the morbidity of ''rakta'' as well as ''pitta dosha''. Morbid ''pitta dosha'' and ''rakta dhatu'' cause mild fever. Further loss of appetite is a clinical symptom of ''plihodara''. Habitual consumption of ''abhishyandi'' foods causes morbidity of ''kapha'' which in turn is responsible for the impairment of ''agni''<ref name="ref9" /> [37-38].

==== ''Jalodara'' ====

==== ''Jalodara'' ====

''Udaka'' in Sanskrit translates as fluid and ''udara'' refers to the distension of the abdomen, put together the term ''udakodara'' means distension of the abdomen due to accumulation of the fluid. According to Sanskrit literature, the word ''dakodara'' is formed by the removal of initial letter u from the word ''udakodara''. Thus, formed word ''dakodara'' also give the same meaning of ''udakodara''.<ref name="ref34">Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita, elaborated by Charaka & Dridabala with      jalpakalpataru commentary by gangadhara, 3rd part, kaviraja shri narendranathasen gupta; kaviraja shri balayichandrasen gupta, ed., 1st  Edition, Culcutta , C.K.Sen and company ltd,  Pp3828, Pg no 2825</ref>

''Udaka'' in Sanskrit translates as fluid and ''udara'' refers to the distension of the abdomen, put together the term ''udakodara'' means distension of the abdomen due to accumulation of the fluid. According to Sanskrit literature, the word ''dakodara'' is formed by the removal of initial letter u from the word ''udakodara''. Thus, formed word ''dakodara'' also give the same meaning of ''udakodara''.<ref name="ref34">Agnivesha. Charak Samhita, elaborated by Charak & Dridabala with      jalpakalpataru commentary by gangadhara, 3rd part, kaviraja shri narendranathasen gupta; kaviraja shri balayichandrasen gupta, ed., 1st  Edition, Culcutta , C.K.Sen and company ltd,  Pp3828, Pg no 2825</ref>

'''Image 02: ''Sira janma'' in ''udara'''''

'''Image 02: ''Sira janma'' in ''udara'''''