Changes

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===

The unit ''prasrita'', according to [[Charaka Samhita]] is an amount of two ''palas'' which is approximately equal to 100 milliliter (1''pala''=50ml).[ ] ,[ ] (verse 1-2)[[Charaka Samhita]] is written in the form of dialogue between the teacher (Atreya) and his disciples (mainly Agnivesha). Mild form of ''shodhana'' measures are for those subjects who are not suitable for strong measures and for the patients who suffered with the complications of the measures described in previous chapters. ''Vamana'' and ''virechana'' are major procedures for ''shodhana''. However, these are contraindicated for the tender persons. Tender persons may not tolerate even ''basti''. Therefore, mild forms of ''bastis'' are described for them. Similarly, the measures to treat the complications developed due to the faulty application of the procedures especially the basti.  

The unit ''prasrita'', according to [[Charaka Samhita]] is an amount of two ''palas'' which is approximately equal to 100 milliliter (1''pala''=50ml).<ref>Agniveśa, Caraka, Dṛḍhabala; Caraka saṁhitā, siddhisthāna, chapter 8/4 (Cakrapāṇi commentary); edited by Yadavji trikamji acharya; Munshiram Manoharlal publishers pvt. Ltd; 4th edition 1981; P 713</ref>,<ref>Agnihotri Avadhabihari; Bhaiṣajyakalpanā Vijñāna; Chaukhamba orientalia publication, 6th edition, 2006, P 7-20.</ref> (verse 1-2)[[Charaka Samhita]] is written in the form of dialogue between the teacher (Atreya) and his disciples (mainly Agnivesha). Mild form of ''shodhana'' measures are for those subjects who are not suitable for strong measures and for the patients who suffered with the complications of the measures described in previous chapters. ''Vamana'' and ''virechana'' are major procedures for ''shodhana''. However, these are contraindicated for the tender persons. Tender persons may not tolerate even ''basti''. Therefore, mild forms of ''bastis'' are described for them. Similarly, the measures to treat the complications developed due to the faulty application of the procedures especially the basti.  

Some translators interpreted the phrase ‘karmaṇā viplutānāṁ’ as ‘exhausted of hard work’.[ ] However, the meaning of this phrase can be taken as ‘complicated by the consequences of the therapies’, which seems to be more appropriate in this context.  The complications may be natural consequences of the therapies or may be due to faulty application. (verse 3)

Some translators interpreted the phrase ‘karmaṇā viplutānāṁ’ as ‘exhausted of hard work’.<ref>Dash Bhagavan & Sharma R K; Caraka saṁhitā(English translation); siddhisthāna, chapter 8/3; Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi; 2nd edition, 2005; P 310</ref> However, the meaning of this phrase can be taken as ‘complicated by the consequences of the therapies’, which seems to be more appropriate in this context.  The complications may be natural consequences of the therapies or may be due to faulty application. (verse 3)

The recipe in verse 4 is composed of total five prasritas (2 prasritas of milk, 1 prasrita each of honey, sesame oil and ghṛta), therefore this basti is named by Gaṅgādhara as pāñcaprāsṛtika basti.[ ] This basti is useful for eliminating vāta as well as promoting the strength and the complexion.  

The recipe in verse 4 is composed of total five prasritas (2 prasritas of milk, 1 prasrita each of honey, sesame oil and ghṛta), therefore this basti is named by Gaṅgādhara as pāñcaprāsṛtika basti.<ref>Agniveśa, Caraka, Dṛḍhabala; Caraka saṁhitā, (only samskrita), 5th part, siddhisthāna, chapter 8 (Commentary of Gaṅgādhara); edited by Kaviraj shree Narendranath sen Gupta, and kaviraj shree Balaichandra sen Gupta, Rastriya Samskrita Samsthana, New Delhi, 2002; P 3735.</ref> This basti is useful for eliminating vāta as well as promoting the strength and the complexion.  

Vāta eliminating mesures usually promotes quality of dhātus and upadhātus (structural components of the body). This eventually results in promotion of the body strength and the complexion. Word ‘bala’ also denotes the immune function; hence this may also be interpreted as promoting immune activity. In ancient time to mix a basti material, churning stick was used. In modern time an electric blender is an ideal alternative. With a blender the mixture is better homogenized than a manual churning stick.

Vāta eliminating mesures usually promotes quality of dhātus and upadhātus (structural components of the body). This eventually results in promotion of the body strength and the complexion. Word ‘bala’ also denotes the immune function; hence this may also be interpreted as promoting immune activity. In ancient time to mix a basti material, churning stick was used. In modern time an electric blender is an ideal alternative. With a blender the mixture is better homogenized than a manual churning stick.

Cakrapāṇi considered bilvādi group in his Āyurveda dīpikā commentary as daśamula.[ ]This group consists of roots of ten plants viz. bilva (Aegle marmelos Carr.), śyonāka (Oroxylum indicumVent.),gambhārī (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), pāṭalā (Stereospermum suaveolensDC.),agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Roxb.), śālaparṇī (Desmodium gangeticumDC.), pṛśniparṇī (Uraria picta Desr.) bṛhatī (Solanum indicum Linn.) kaṇṭakārī (Solanum suranttense Burm.) and gokṣura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.).  While Gaṅgādhara in his Jalpakalpataru commentary mentions this as pañchamūla –the roots of a group of five plants viz. bilva,śyonāka, gambhārī, pāṭalā and agnimantha.[ ]Since next verse (5th) describes a recipe with pañchamūla, in this verse considering bilvādi as daśamula is more logical and practical. This basti consists a total of eight prasritas (one prasrita each of taila, prasannā, madhu and ghṛta and two prasritas each of bilvādi decoction and kulattha decoction). Therefore, Gaṅgādhara names this as aṣṭaprāsṛtika basti.[ ]

Cakrapāṇi considered bilvādi group in his Āyurveda dīpikā commentary as daśamula.<ref>Agniveśa, Caraka, Dṛḍhabala; Caraka saṁhitā, siddhisthāna, chapter 8/5 (commentary of Cakrapāṇi); edited by Yadavji trikamji acharya; Munshiram Manoharlal publishers pvt. Ltd; 4th edition 1981; P 713.</ref> This group consists of roots of ten plants viz. bilva (Aegle marmelos Carr.), śyonāka (Oroxylum indicumVent.),gambhārī (Gmelina arborea Roxb.), pāṭalā (Stereospermum suaveolensDC.),agnimantha (Premna integrifolia Roxb.), śālaparṇī (Desmodium gangeticumDC.), pṛśniparṇī (Uraria picta Desr.) bṛhatī (Solanum indicum Linn.) kaṇṭakārī (Solanum suranttense Burm.) and gokṣura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.).  While Gaṅgādhara in his Jalpakalpataru commentary mentions this as pañchamūla –the roots of a group of five plants viz. bilva,śyonāka, gambhārī, pāṭalā and agnimantha.<ref>Agniveśa, Caraka, Dṛḍhabala; Caraka saṁhitā, (only samskrita), 5th part, siddhisthana, chapter 8/5 (Commentary of Gaṅgādhara); edited by Kaviraj shree Narendranath sen Gupta, and kaviraj shree Balaichandra sen Gupta, Rastriya Samskrita Samsthana, New Delhi, 2002; P 3735.</ref>Since next verse (5th) describes a recipe with pañchamūla, in this verse considering bilvādi as daśamula is more logical and practical. This basti consists a total of eight prasritas (one prasrita each of taila, prasannā, madhu and ghṛta and two prasritas each of bilvādi decoction and kulattha decoction). Therefore, Gaṅgādhara names this as aṣṭaprāsṛtika basti.<ref>Agniveśa, Caraka, Dṛḍhabala; Caraka saṁhitā  (only samskrita), 5th part, siddhisthāna,  chapter 8 (Commentary of Gaṅgādhara); edited by Kaviraj shree Narendranath sen Gupta, and kaviraj shree Balaichandra sen Gupta, Rastriya Samskrita Samsthana, New Delhi, 2002; P 3735.</ref>

The basti in verse six, consists of total nine prasritas i.e. pañchamūla decoction- five prasritas, sesame oil - two prasritas, honey- one prasrita, ghṛta- one prasrita. Therefore, Gaṅgādhara names this as navaprāsṛtika basti.[ ] (verses 4-6)

The basti in verse six, consists of total nine prasritas i.e. pañchamūla decoction- five prasritas, sesame oil - two prasritas, honey- one prasrita, ghṛta- one prasrita. Therefore, Gaṅgādhara names this as navaprāsṛtika basti.[ ] (verses 4-6)

Akṣa and karṣa are the units of same amount, which is equal to about twelve grams. Hence the amount of rock salt in this basti would be about 6 grams. Śukra is one of the seven dhātus (structural components). Śukra is not a single entity. It comprises male reprodudtive cells and substances including the androgenic hormones responsible for manhood in a man. This basti promotes quality and quantity of all these entities in the body.

Akṣa and karṣa are the units of same amount, which is equal to about twelve grams. Hence the amount of rock salt in this basti would be about 6 grams. Śukra is one of the seven dhātus (structural components). Śukra is not a single entity. It comprises male reprodudtive cells and substances including the androgenic hormones responsible for manhood in a man. This basti promotes quality and quantity of all these entities in the body.

The usual contents of a nirūha basti are salt, honey, oil, kalka and decoction (or a liquid). These are to be mixed by churning in the sequence as mentioned above. Here the mixing may be in this sequence- saindhava, honey, oil, ghṛta, hapuṣā (fruits of Juniperus communis Linn.)and milk.(verse 7)

The usual contents of a nirūha basti are salt, honey, oil, kalka and decoction (or a liquid). These are to be mixed by churning in the sequence as mentioned above. Here the mixing may be in this sequence- saindhava, honey, oil, ghṛta, hapuṣā (fruits of Juniperus communis Linn.)and milk.(verse 7)