Changes

The present chapter begins with an enumeration of diseases afflicting the head and describes the significance of head, followed by the description of five varieties of head diseases with headache as the main symptom and five types of heart diseases with different clinical presentations. Thereafter, sixty two permutations and combinations in the form of ''sannipata'' (involvement of three ''doshas'') and ''samsarga'' (involvement of two ''doshas''), based on variations in quantum of increased or decreased state of involved ''doshas'', along with descriptions of symptoms of twelve varieties of ''sannipata'' have been described in this chapter. Also described are eighteen conditions caused by decrease of ''doshas, dhatus, mala'' and ''ojas'', along with plausible reasons for all the decrease taking place in the body. Further, definition and characteristics of ''ojas'' have been provided in brief with a specific variety of ''Avrita Madhumeha'' (diabetes due to obstructive ''vata'') in which ''ojas'' is excreted out in urine. The description of ''avrita madhumeha'' resembles diabetes mellitus type II (NIDDM) and seems to represent the disease of third ''marma'' (vital organ) i.e. ''basti''. Skin infection is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Therefore it is described in detail under the heading of ''prameha pidika'' (carbuncles). Seven types of inflammatory swellings viz. ''sharavika, kacchapika, jalini, sarshapi, alaji, vinata'' and ''vidradhi'' are described in detail with a disclaimer stating that these can also occur independently due to vitiation of ''medas''. The chapter ends with references to various ''gati'' (states) of ''dosha'' that are related to health as well as disease.

The present chapter begins with an enumeration of diseases afflicting the head and describes the significance of head, followed by the description of five varieties of head diseases with headache as the main symptom and five types of heart diseases with different clinical presentations. Thereafter, sixty two permutations and combinations in the form of ''sannipata'' (involvement of three ''doshas'') and ''samsarga'' (involvement of two ''doshas''), based on variations in quantum of increased or decreased state of involved ''doshas'', along with descriptions of symptoms of twelve varieties of ''sannipata'' have been described in this chapter. Also described are eighteen conditions caused by decrease of ''doshas, dhatus, mala'' and ''ojas'', along with plausible reasons for all the decrease taking place in the body. Further, definition and characteristics of ''ojas'' have been provided in brief with a specific variety of ''Avrita Madhumeha'' (diabetes due to obstructive ''vata'') in which ''ojas'' is excreted out in urine. The description of ''avrita madhumeha'' resembles diabetes mellitus type II (NIDDM) and seems to represent the disease of third ''marma'' (vital organ) i.e. ''basti''. Skin infection is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Therefore it is described in detail under the heading of ''prameha pidika'' (carbuncles). Seven types of inflammatory swellings viz. ''sharavika, kacchapika, jalini, sarshapi, alaji, vinata'' and ''vidradhi'' are described in detail with a disclaimer stating that these can also occur independently due to vitiation of ''medas''. The chapter ends with references to various ''gati'' (states) of ''dosha'' that are related to health as well as disease.

The diseases related to ''trimarma'', or the three vital organs, have also been described in the 26th chapter of [[Chikitsa Sthana]] [[ Trimarmiya Chikitsa adhyaya]] and later in 9th chapter of [[Siddhi Sthana]] [[Trimarmiya Siddhi Adhyaya]]. While the [[Sutra Sthana]] helps provide the fundamental approaches to treating these diseases, the [[Chikitsa Sthana]] primarily addresses the management aspects and [[Siddhi Sthana]] describes the internal and external traumas of these organs. As per  Ayurveda, there are 107 marmas that are considered to be points of ''prana'' (vital energy) and are located in various parts of the body. It is accepted that injuries to ''marma'' -external, internal or psychological  - may either cause immediate death or permanent deformities (some of which may cause complications and death at a later stage). Among these 107 ''marmas'', Charaka has given utmost importance to the head, the heart and the urinary bladder. Among these three, the head is foremost as it is central to all senses and is the prime location of ''prana''. This is the reason why other texts have compared human body with an inverted-tree model (with roots at the top and branches at the bottom).

The diseases related to ''trimarma'', or the three vital organs, have also been described in the 26th chapter of [[Chikitsa Sthana]] [[ Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] and later in 9th chapter of [[Siddhi Sthana]] [[Trimarmiya Siddhi]]. While the [[Sutra Sthana]] helps provide the fundamental approaches to treating these diseases, the [[Chikitsa Sthana]] primarily addresses the management aspects and [[Siddhi Sthana]] describes the internal and external traumas of these organs. As per  Ayurveda, there are 107 marmas that are considered to be points of ''prana'' (vital energy) and are located in various parts of the body. It is accepted that injuries to ''marma'' -external, internal or psychological  - may either cause immediate death or permanent deformities (some of which may cause complications and death at a later stage). Among these 107 ''marmas'', Charaka has given utmost importance to the head, the heart and the urinary bladder. Among these three, the head is foremost as it is central to all senses and is the prime location of ''prana''. This is the reason why other texts have compared human body with an inverted-tree model (with roots at the top and branches at the bottom).

The ''shiroroga'', or the disease(s) of the head, are various clinical representations of headache and vary depending upon ''dosha''-dominance and ''krimi''-infestation. Though headache is a common form of five major types of ''siroroga'', different manifestations of headache can give an idea of the predominant ''dosha'' which may further decide the course of treatment. Similarly ''hridroga'' (heart diseases) and diseases associated with the urinary bladder mentioned in this chapter are also due to ''dosha'' predominance and ''krimi'' infestation.  

The ''shiroroga'', or the disease(s) of the head, are various clinical representations of headache and vary depending upon ''dosha''-dominance and ''krimi''-infestation. Though headache is a common form of five major types of ''siroroga'', different manifestations of headache can give an idea of the predominant ''dosha'' which may further decide the course of treatment. Similarly ''hridroga'' (heart diseases) and diseases associated with the urinary bladder mentioned in this chapter are also due to ''dosha'' predominance and ''krimi'' infestation.