Changes

Different categories of ''prameha'' are described to possess the color, taste, touch, and smell of the respective ''doshas''. For example, in ''kaphaja prameha'', the urine is characterized by white color, sweet taste; cold touch and ''ama gandha'' (smell like that of flesh). In the same way, the characteristic features of ''pittaja prameha'' are to be determined. ''Vayu'' itself is colorless. Therefore, different varieties of ''vata'' dominant ''prameha'' are characterized by grayish or reddish color of urine as a result of the ''prabhava'' (specific action) of the ''vayu''.

Different categories of ''prameha'' are described to possess the color, taste, touch, and smell of the respective ''doshas''. For example, in ''kaphaja prameha'', the urine is characterized by white color, sweet taste; cold touch and ''ama gandha'' (smell like that of flesh). In the same way, the characteristic features of ''pittaja prameha'' are to be determined. ''Vayu'' itself is colorless. Therefore, different varieties of ''vata'' dominant ''prameha'' are characterized by grayish or reddish color of urine as a result of the ''prabhava'' (specific action) of the ''vayu''.

Vata dominant prameha is already described to be incurable (asadhya). Again repeating the statement regarding its incurability implies that the presence of several symptoms including the grayish and reddish colouration of urine right from the origin of disease is incurable; and if these signs and symptoms appear at later stage, then the condition is incurable. In the latter type, attributes of majja etc., need not to be present. Alternatively, it can be explained that when at a later stage, any type of prameha gets associated with vayu and characterized by grayish and reddish colouration of urine, and then it also becomes incurable. In addition when kaphaja and pittaja types of prameha are associated with the passage of Majja etc., in the urine, they become incurable. It is stated, “All types of prameha, if not treated in time, leads to madhumeha and become incurable” ( Susruta : Nidana 6).

''Vata'' dominant ''prameha'' is already described to be incurable (''asadhya''). Again repeating the statement regarding its incurability implies that the presence of several symptoms including the grayish and reddish coloration of urine right from the origin of disease is incurable; and if these signs and symptoms appear at later stage, then the condition is incurable. In the latter type, attributes of ''majja'' etc., need not to be present. Alternatively, it can be explained that when at a later stage, any type of ''prameha'' gets associated with ''vayu'' and characterized by grayish and reddish coloration of urine, and then it also becomes incurable. In addition when ''kaphaja'' and ''pittaja'' types of ''prameha'' are associated with the passage of ''majja'' etc., in the urine, they become incurable. It is stated, “All types of ''prameha'', if not treated in time, leads to ''madhumeha'' and become incurable” (Sushruta : Nidana 6).

1. Kaphaja prameha (progressive stage from pre-diabetic to diabetes mellitus type-2)

#Kaphaja prameha (progressive stage from pre-diabetic to diabetes mellitus type-2)

          a. Udakameha – Osmotic diuresis (having characteristic similar to that of water)

##Udakameha – Osmotic diuresis (having characteristic similar to that of water)

• Pre-diabetic stage - hyperglycemia causes decrease reabsorption of water and excessive loss of water through urine.

*Pre-diabetic stage - hyperglycemia causes decrease reabsorption of water and excessive loss of water through urine.

          b. Ikshumeha – Alimentary glycosuria (having characteristic similar to sugarcane juice)

##Ikshumeha – Alimentary glycosuria (having characteristic similar to sugarcane juice)

• Pre-diabetic stage when liver is unable to metabolize excessive  

*Pre-diabetic stage when liver is unable to metabolize excessive glucose due to hepatic insulin resistance and thus presence of           

                                                glucose due to hepatic insulin resistance and thus presence of           

glucose in urine.

                                                glucose in urine.

         c.& d. Sandra meha & Sandraprashada meha – (layered urine: 3 layers: a top layer  

         c.& d. Sandra meha & Sandraprashada meha – (layered urine: 3 layers: a top layer  

                                             of chylomicrons, a middle layer rich in protein, and a bottom layer  

                                             of chylomicrons, a middle layer rich in protein, and a bottom layer