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=== Abstract ===

=== Abstract ===

''Gulma'' is defined as large palpable, rounded, intra- abdominal swellings between ''hridaya'' (cardiac region) and the ''basti'' (bladder) regions, which develop due to excess accumulation of ''doshas'' with predominance of ''vata''. Such swellings are either transitory or static, and display the properties of spontaneous regression and reappearance.  This chapter on the treatment of ''gulma'' (abdominal lumps) first describes its general etiological factors and pathogenesis along with five places in the abdomen where the swelling occurs. The treatment of ''vata gulma'' includes ''snehana'' (oleation), ''swedana'' (sudation), ''brimhana'' (repletion), ''basti'' with ''ghee'', ''virechana'', ''vamana'' and preparations in the form of powders, pills and medicated ''ghrita'' and as a last resort bloodletting. For the treatment of pitta gulma, the ghrita prepared with bitter (tikta) drugs, virechana, recipes for niruha basti, blood-letting (''rakta-mokshana''), use of milk, counseling (''ashvasana'') and oral recipes have been elaborated. ''Upanaha'' (poultice), ''shodhana'' and surgical measures for suppurated and internally ruptured ''gulma'' have also been described.  

''Gulma'' is defined as large palpable, rounded, intra- abdominal swellings between ''hridaya'' (cardiac region) and the ''basti'' (bladder) regions, which develop due to excess accumulation of ''doshas'' with predominance of ''vata''. Such swellings are either transitory or static, and display the properties of spontaneous regression and reappearance.  This chapter on the treatment of ''gulma'' (abdominal lumps) first describes its general etiological factors and pathogenesis along with five places in the abdomen where the swelling occurs. The treatment of ''vata gulma'' includes ''snehana'' (oleation), ''swedana'' (sudation), ''brimhana'' (repletion), ''basti'' with ''ghee'', ''virechana'', ''vamana'' and preparations in the form of powders, pills and medicated ''ghrita'' and as a last resort bloodletting. For the treatment of ''pitta gulma'', the ''ghrita'' prepared with bitter (''tikta'') drugs, ''virechana'', recipes for ''niruha basti'', blood-letting (''rakta-mokshana''), use of milk, counseling (''ashvasana'') and oral recipes have been elaborated. ''Upanaha'' (poultice), ''shodhana'' and surgical measures for suppurated and internally ruptured ''gulma'' have also been described.  

For ''kapha gulma snehana'', ''swedana'', ''bhedana'' (puncturing), ''langhana'' (lightening therapy), ''vamana'', ''virechana'', medicated ''ghee'', ''basti'', pills, powder, ''arishta'', and ''kshara'' are described. Bloodletting followed by cauterization of the ''gulma'' as a last resort is explained. A surgical procedure for ''rakta gulma'', which occurs only in women is also described.  

For ''kapha gulma snehana'', ''swedana'', ''bhedana'' (puncturing), ''langhana'' (lightening therapy), ''vamana'', ''virechana'', medicated ''ghee'', ''basti'', pills, powder, ''arishta'', and ''kshara'' are described. Bloodletting followed by cauterization of the ''gulma'' as a last resort is explained. A surgical procedure for ''rakta gulma'', which occurs only in women is also described.  

Wholesome (''pathya'') food and drinks, avoidance of etiological factors, continuous protection of digestive power (''agni'') and the instructions for a patient who undergoes ''snehana'' are discussed in detail.

Wholesome (''pathya'') food and drinks, avoidance of etiological factors, continuous protection of digestive power (''agni'') and the instructions for a patient who undergoes ''snehana'' are discussed in detail.