Changes

The knowledge on apt instruments to be used in respective procedure is vital in ensuring the procedure effect. In the case of ''basti'' (procedure), the knowledge on properly designed ''netra'' and ''basti'' is essential for physicians. Also, Inappropriate appliance of ''netra'' in the procedure leads to ''vyapat'' and needs to be managed by the physician. Hence, this aspect is being dealt further in the chapter.

The knowledge on apt instruments to be used in respective procedure is vital in ensuring the procedure effect. In the case of ''basti'' (procedure), the knowledge on properly designed ''netra'' and ''basti'' is essential for physicians. Also, Inappropriate appliance of ''netra'' in the procedure leads to ''vyapat'' and needs to be managed by the physician. Hence, this aspect is being dealt further in the chapter.

Research works have proved the importance of instruments and technique of administration which influences the total procedure and thereby its effect on the body. Usage of proper ''netra'' and ''basti'' in the procedure had influenced the time taken for administration by the maintenance of uniform pressure and gradual squeezing of the content during administration of ''niruha''  (decoction type of enema) 1. Also, it influenced the extent of reach of medication in the colon and its quantity. Usage of animal bladder for preparation of ''bastiputaka'' (bag or vessel) was possible and justified in earlier days, however, is not feasible and practical today. As an alternative, a plastic bag of 50 microns thickness and having 1.5 l capacity has been reported recently and is disposed of after single use.2

Research works have proved the importance of instruments and technique of administration which influences the total procedure and thereby its effect on the body. Usage of proper ''netra'' and ''basti'' in the procedure had influenced the time taken for administration by the maintenance of uniform pressure and gradual squeezing of the content during administration of ''niruha''  (decoction type of enema)<ref>Gundeti MS, Raut AA, Kamat NM. Basti: Does the equipment and method of administration matter?. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2013;4:9-12</ref>. Also, it influenced the extent of reach of medication in the colon and its quantity. Usage of animal bladder for preparation of ''bastiputaka'' (bag or vessel) was possible and justified in earlier days, however, is not feasible and practical today. As an alternative, a plastic bag of 50 microns thickness and having 1.5 l capacity has been reported recently and is disposed of after single use.<ref>2. Nampoothiri MR, Mahadevan L. Principles and Practice of Vasti. 1st ed. Derisanamcope: Y. Mahadeva Iyer’s Sri Sarada Ayurvedic Hospital; 2007. p. 49</ref>

==== Verse 4- 5 ====

==== Verse 4- 5 ====

Defect in ''netra'' are eight in number and each of them affects the proper administration of ''basti'' procedure. Recommendable ''netra'' according to Charaka, should have the following attributes:  apertures(at the tip, i.e outlet aperture and at the base (inlet aperture) of the ''netra'') equal to little and thumb in circumference (यथावयोऽङ्गुष्ठकनिष्ठिकाभ्यां मूलाग्रयोः स्युः परिणाहवन्ति), straight  

Defect in ''netra'' are eight in number and each of them affects the proper administration of ''basti'' procedure. Recommendable ''netra'' according to Charaka, should have the following attributes:  apertures(at the tip, i.e outlet aperture and at the base (inlet aperture) of the ''netra'') equal to little and thumb in circumference (यथावयोऽङ्गुष्ठकनिष्ठिकाभ्यां मूलाग्रयोः स्युः परिणाहवन्ति), straight (ऋजूनि), alike tail of a cow in shape (गोपुच्छसमाकृतीनि), smooth (श्लक्ष्णानि), curved in tip/round or circular (र्गुडिकामुखानि) and two round protuberances – one at the distal ¼ and other at the proximal end (कर्णिकैकाऽग्रचतुर्थभागे मूलाश्रिते बस्तिनिबन्धने द्वे). (Ca.Si-3/3)

(ऋजूनि), alike tail of a cow in shape (गोपुच्छसमाकृतीनि), smooth (श्लक्ष्णानि), curved in tip/round or circular (र्गुडिकामुखानि) and two round protuberances – one at the distal ¼ and other at the proximal end (कर्णिकैकाऽग्रचतुर्थभागे मूलाश्रिते बस्तिनिबन्धने द्वे). (Ca.Si-3/3)

Chakrapani has made it clear that ''aprapti'' and ''atigati'' of the ''dravya'' happens. He has interpreted ''tanu'' as ''krisha'' (thin, emaciated) having equivalent meaning. He also adds that this limits the reach of medication to ''guda'' alone and causes discomfort locally. ''Jeernam'' has been interpreted by him as ''karkasha'' (meaning rough), thereby the term ''jeernam'' implying two characters – disintegrated and/or rough.

Chakrapani has made it clear that ''aprapti'' and ''atigati'' of the ''dravya'' happens. He has interpreted ''tanu'' as ''krisha'' (thin, emaciated) having equivalent meaning. He also adds that this limits the reach of medication to ''guda'' alone and causes discomfort locally. ''Jeernam'' has been interpreted by him as ''karkasha'' (meaning rough), thereby the term ''jeernam'' implying two characters – disintegrated and/or rough.