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=== Abstract ===

=== Abstract ===

 

This chapter explicates about the alterations in the perception of the five sense organs which reveal impending death of an individual. The previous three chapters described ''arishta lakshanas'' as perceived by senses vision, sound, taste and touch. This chapter describes ''arishta lakshanas'' as perceived by all five ''Indriya'' or senses. ''Indriya'' and ''aneekam'' indicate the group of all five sense organs. There is a good synchrony between all sense organs for conversion of information into the knowledge.  

This chapter explicates about the alterations in the perception of the five sense organs which reveal impending death of an individual. The previous three chapters described ''arishta lakshanas'' as perceived by senses vision, sound, taste and touch. This chapter describes ''arishta lakshanas'' as perceived by all five ''Indriya'' or senses. ''Indriya'' and ''aneekam'' indicate the group of all five sense organs. There is a good synchrony between all sense organs for conversion of information into the knowledge.  

'''Keywords''': Perceptions, alterations, fatal signs of senses.

'''Keywords''': Perceptions, alterations, fatal signs of senses.

 

=== Introduction/ ''Vishayanupravesha'' ===

=== Introduction/ ''Vishayanupravesha'' ===

 

The perception by the sense organs has been described in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] to be a function of the conjunction of ''mana'' (mind) with the ''atman'' (soul), the sense organs (''indriya'') and its subject (''indriyartha'') (Figure 1.)   

The perception by the sense organs has been described in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] to be a function of the conjunction of ''mana'' (mind) with the ''atman'' (soul), the sense organs (''indriya'') and its subject (''indriyartha'') (Figure 1.)   

Perception by the sense organs occurs through conduction by the peripheral nerves to the brain. Some of the sensory ''arishta'' perceptions described in this chapter are now also described in the modern medical science. The conditions due to defect in the nervous system and peripheral nerves such as Dysosmia (Distorted identification of smell), Parosmia (Altered perception of smell in the presence of an odor, usually unpleasant), Phantosmia (detection of smells which are not present), Ageusia (Inability to taste), Dysgeusia  (Distorted ability to taste), paraesthesias (altered tactile perception) etc..  Some of these are described in this chapter as an indicator of forthcoming death.

Perception by the sense organs occurs through conduction by the peripheral nerves to the brain. Some of the sensory ''arishta'' perceptions described in this chapter are now also described in the modern medical science. The conditions due to defect in the nervous system and peripheral nerves such as Dysosmia (Distorted identification of smell), Parosmia (Altered perception of smell in the presence of an odor, usually unpleasant), Phantosmia (detection of smells which are not present), Ageusia (Inability to taste), Dysgeusia  (Distorted ability to taste), paraesthesias (altered tactile perception) etc..  Some of these are described in this chapter as an indicator of forthcoming death.

 

===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

anumAnAt parIkSheta darshanAdIni tattvataH|  

anumAnAt parIkSheta darshanAdIni tattvataH|  

addhA hi viditaM  j~jAnamindriyANAmatIndriyam||4||  

addhA hi viditaM  j~jAnamindriyANAmatIndriyam||4||  

 

We will now explain how an expert physician who is desirous to know the life span of the person. He should go with keen observations of the sensory perceptions by a patient. Some of the observations may be based on the inference on questioning, where the physician cannot apply his senses such as taste and visual alterations. [3-4]

We will now explain how an expert physician who is desirous to know the life span of the person. He should go with keen observations of the sensory perceptions by a patient. Some of the observations may be based on the inference on questioning, where the physician cannot apply his senses such as taste and visual alterations. [3-4]

 

स्वस्थेभ्यो विकृतं यस्य ज्ञानमिन्द्रियसंश्रयम्  |  

स्वस्थेभ्यो विकृतं यस्य ज्ञानमिन्द्रियसंश्रयम्  |  

आलक्ष्येतानिमित्तेन लक्षणं मरणस्य तत्||५||  

आलक्ष्येतानिमित्तेन लक्षणं मरणस्य तत्||५||  

yashca pashyatyadRushyAn vai dRushyAn yashca na pashyati|  

yashca pashyatyadRushyAn vai dRushyAn yashca na pashyati|  

tAvubhau pashyataH kShipraM yamakShayamasaMshayam||18||  

tAvubhau pashyataH kShipraM yamakShayamasaMshayam||18||  

 

Here in these verses are further described some symptoms which when present indicate imminent death of the person –  

Here in these verses are further described some symptoms which when present indicate imminent death of the person –  

*To see the sun or the moon painted or fixed on  an earthen plate covered with a black cloth;

*To see the sun or the moon painted or fixed on  an earthen plate covered with a black cloth;

*To have visual perception of things in a distorted manner i.e. to visualize things as having multiple forms, devoid of complexion and in inaccurate numbers without any reason and  

*To have visual perception of things in a distorted manner i.e. to visualize things as having multiple forms, devoid of complexion and in inaccurate numbers without any reason and  

*To visualize the invisible ones and not to visualize the visible ones.[13-18]

*To visualize the invisible ones and not to visualize the visible ones.[13-18]

 

अशब्दस्य च यः श्रोता शब्दान् यश्च न बुध्यते|  

अशब्दस्य च यः श्रोता शब्दान् यश्च न बुध्यते|  

द्वावप्येतौ यथा प्रेतौ तथा ज्ञेयौ विजानता  ||१९||  

द्वावप्येतौ यथा प्रेतौ तथा ज्ञेयौ विजानता  ||१९||  

etadindriyavij~jAnaM yaH pashyati yathAtatham|  

etadindriyavij~jAnaM yaH pashyati yathAtatham|  

maraNaM jIvitaM caiva sa bhiShak j~jAtumarhati||27||  

maraNaM jIvitaM caiva sa bhiShak j~jAtumarhati||27||  

 

To conclude, it can be said that a physician who knows the science of premonition of death as indicated by the characteristic features of the sense organs can very easily distinguish between life and death.[27]

To conclude, it can be said that a physician who knows the science of premonition of death as indicated by the characteristic features of the sense organs can very easily distinguish between life and death.[27]

   

   

#''Marichi'' (marIcI; मरीची): cloud light  

#''Marichi'' (marIcI; मरीची): cloud light  

#''Mrin mayeem'' (mRunmayIm; मृन्मयीम); earthern pot

#''Mrin mayeem'' (mRunmayIm; मृन्मयीम); earthern pot