Changes

One can also observe by means of ''pratyaksha'' (direct perception), manifestation of various factors depending upon their timely or untimely action. For example, such and such diseases, food, medicine, therapy and remission (can act timely or untimely). Even a layman talks in these terms, such as, it rains on time or otherwise. This thing holds true even for death and hence it can occur on time and even otherwise. One cannot say that it always occurs on time. If there was no untimely death, then the lifespan of every one would have been fixed and therefore the knowledge of wholesome and unwholesome objects would be of no use at all. The sources of knowledge like perception, inference and verbal testimony accepted in all scriptures would cease to be sources of knowledge because all these sources of knowledge clearly prove that there are factors which are conducive to longevity and otherwise. Hence, the statement of some sages that untimely death cannot occur is confined to words only and not to facts. [28]

One can also observe by means of ''pratyaksha'' (direct perception), manifestation of various factors depending upon their timely or untimely action. For example, such and such diseases, food, medicine, therapy and remission (can act timely or untimely). Even a layman talks in these terms, such as, it rains on time or otherwise. This thing holds true even for death and hence it can occur on time and even otherwise. One cannot say that it always occurs on time. If there was no untimely death, then the lifespan of every one would have been fixed and therefore the knowledge of wholesome and unwholesome objects would be of no use at all. The sources of knowledge like perception, inference and verbal testimony accepted in all scriptures would cease to be sources of knowledge because all these sources of knowledge clearly prove that there are factors which are conducive to longevity and otherwise. Hence, the statement of some sages that untimely death cannot occur is confined to words only and not to facts. [28]

Lifespan of human beings:

==== Lifespan of human beings ====

 

वर्षशतं खल्वायुषः प्रमाणमस्मिन् काले||२९||  

वर्षशतं खल्वायुषः प्रमाणमस्मिन् काले||२९||  

तस्य निमित्तं प्रकृतिगुणात्मसंपत् सात्म्योपसेवनं चेति||३०||  

तस्य निमित्तं प्रकृतिगुणात्मसंपत् सात्म्योपसेवनं चेति||३०||  

varṣaśataṁ khalvāyuṣaḥ pramāṇamasmin kālē||29||  

varṣaśataṁ khalvāyuṣaḥ pramāṇamasmin kālē||29||  

tasya nimittaṁ prakr̥tiguṇātmasampat sātmyōpasēvanaṁ cēti||30||  

tasya nimittaṁ prakr̥tiguṇātmasampat sātmyōpasēvanaṁ cēti||30||  

varShashataM khalvAyuShaH pramANamasmin kAle||29||

varShashataM khalvAyuShaH pramANamasmin kAle||29||

tasya nimittaM prakRutiguNAtmasampat sAtmyopasevanaM ceti||30||

tasya nimittaM prakRutiguNAtmasampat sAtmyopasevanaM ceti||30||

In the Kali Age, the normal span of life (of human beings) is one hundred years. The factors responsible for the maintenance (of the normal span) of life are:

In the Kali Age, the normal span of life (of human beings) is one hundred years. The factors responsible for the maintenance (of the normal span) of life are:

i) Prakriti sampat i.e. equilibrium of dosha in the constitution of individual

#''Prakriti sampat'' i.e. equilibrium of ''dosha'' in the constitution of individual

ii) Guna sampat i.e. excellence of the compactness of the body and excellence of hereditary qualities; and

#''Guna sampat'' i.e. excellence of the compactness of the body and excellence of hereditary qualities; and

iii) atma sampat i.e. virtuous acts (30)

#''atma sampat'' i.e. virtuous acts [29-30]

Summary:

 

==== Summary ====

 

तत्र श्लोकाः-  

तत्र श्लोकाः-  

शरीरं यद्यथा तच्च  वर्तते क्लिष्टमामयैः|  

शरीरं यद्यथा तच्च  वर्तते क्लिष्टमामयैः|  

यथा क्लेशं विनाशं च याति ये चास्य धातवः||३१||

यथा क्लेशं विनाशं च याति ये चास्य धातवः||३१||

वृध्दिह्रासौ यथा तेषां क्षीणानामौषधं च यत्|  

वृध्दिह्रासौ यथा तेषां क्षीणानामौषधं च यत्|  

देहवृध्दिकरा भावा बलवृद्धिकराश्च ये||३२||  

देहवृध्दिकरा भावा बलवृद्धिकराश्च ये||३२||  

परिणामकरा भावा या च तेषां पृथक् क्रिया|  

परिणामकरा भावा या च तेषां पृथक् क्रिया|  

मलाख्याः सम्प्रसादाख्या  धातवः प्रश्न एव च||३३||  

मलाख्याः सम्प्रसादाख्या  धातवः प्रश्न एव च||३३||  

नवको  निर्णयश्चास्य विधिवत् संप्रकाशितः|  

नवको  निर्णयश्चास्य विधिवत् संप्रकाशितः|  

तथ्यः शरीरविचये शारीरे परमर्षिणा||३४||  

तथ्यः शरीरविचये शारीरे परमर्षिणा||३४||  

tatra ślōkāḥ-  

tatra ślōkāḥ-  

śarīraṁ yadyathā tacca  vartatē kliṣṭamāmayaiḥ|  

śarīraṁ yadyathā tacca  vartatē kliṣṭamāmayaiḥ|  

yathā klēśaṁ vināśaṁ ca yāti yē cāsya dhātavaḥ||31||  

yathā klēśaṁ vināśaṁ ca yāti yē cāsya dhātavaḥ||31||  

vr̥ddhihrāsau yathā tēṣāṁ kṣīṇānāmauṣadhaṁ ca yat|  

vr̥ddhihrāsau yathā tēṣāṁ kṣīṇānāmauṣadhaṁ ca yat|  

dēhavr̥ddhikarā bhāvā balavr̥ddhikarāśca yē||32||  

dēhavr̥ddhikarā bhāvā balavr̥ddhikarāśca yē||32||  

pariṇāmakarā bhāvā yā ca tēṣāṁ pr̥thak kriyā|  

pariṇāmakarā bhāvā yā ca tēṣāṁ pr̥thak kriyā|  

malākhyāḥ samprasādākhyā  dhātavaḥ praśna ēva ca||33||  

malākhyāḥ samprasādākhyā  dhātavaḥ praśna ēva ca||33||  

navakō  nirṇayaścāsya vidhivat samprakāśitaḥ|  

navakō  nirṇayaścāsya vidhivat samprakāśitaḥ|  

tathyaḥ śarīravicayē śārīrē paramarṣiṇā||34||  

tathyaḥ śarīravicayē śārīrē paramarṣiṇā||34||  

tatra shlokAH-  

tatra shlokAH-  

sharIraM yadyathA tacca  vartate kliShTamAmayaiH|  

sharIraM yadyathA tacca  vartate kliShTamAmayaiH|  

yathA kleshaM vinAshaM ca yAti ye cAsya dhAtavaH||31||  

yathA kleshaM vinAshaM ca yAti ye cAsya dhAtavaH||31||  

vRuddhihrAsau yathA teShAM kShINAnAmauShadhaM ca yat|  

vRuddhihrAsau yathA teShAM kShINAnAmauShadhaM ca yat|  

dehavRuddhikarA bhAvA balavRuddhikarAshca ye||32||  

dehavRuddhikarA bhAvA balavRuddhikarAshca ye||32||  

pariNAmakarA bhAvA yA ca teShAM pRuthak kriyA|  

pariNAmakarA bhAvA yA ca teShAM pRuthak kriyA|  

malAkhyAH samprasAdAkhyA  dhAtavaH prashna eva ca||33||  

malAkhyAH samprasAdAkhyA  dhAtavaH prashna eva ca||33||  

navako  nirNayashcAsya vidhivat samprakAshitaH|  

navako  nirNayashcAsya vidhivat samprakAshitaH|  

tathyaH sharIravicaye shArIre paramarShiNA||34||

tathyaH sharIravicaye shArIre paramarShiNA||34||

To summarize this chapter:

To summarize this chapter:

The following nine topics were duly discussed by the great sage in this chapter on the ‘Analytical Study of the Body’:

The following nine topics were duly discussed by the great sage in this chapter on the ‘Analytical Study of the Body’:

1. Definition of sharira (body), with a focus on how it is afflicted leading to disease and destruction  

#Definition of ''sharira'' (body), with a focus on how it is afflicted leading to disease and destruction  

2. Increase or decrease of dhatu

#Increase or decrease of ''dhatu''

3. Treatment of deficient dhatu

#Treatment of deficient ''dhatu''

4. Factors responsible for the growth of the body

#Factors responsible for the growth of the body

5. Factors responsible for the promotion of strength  

#Factors responsible for the promotion of strength  

6. Factors which help in the digestion and metabolism of food

#Factors which help in the digestion and metabolism of food

7. The mode of action of each of the above mentioned factors  

#The mode of action of each of the above mentioned factors  

8. mala (body wastes) and prasada (building blocks) types of dhatu (body elements)

#''mala'' (body wastes) and ''prasada'' (building blocks) types of ''dhatu'' (body elements)

9. Various queries (related to foetus development, birth process, life span and time of death etc.) (31-34)

#Various queries (related to fetus development, birth process, life span and time of death etc.) [31-34]

 

इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते शारीरस्थाने  

इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते शारीरस्थाने  

शरीरविचयशारीरं नाम षष्ठोऽध्यायः||६||  

शरीरविचयशारीरं नाम षष्ठोऽध्यायः||६||