Changes

The other two causative factors like ''parinama'' and ''asatmendriyartha samyoga'' are also equally important causes.  

The other two causative factors like ''parinama'' and ''asatmendriyartha samyoga'' are also equally important causes.  

The Parinama or time factor means not adapting the seasonal, diurnal changes as per physiological changes of dosha. The changes related to age and death are also included in kala.

The ''parinama'' or time factor means not adapting the seasonal, diurnal changes as per physiological changes of ''dosha''. The changes related to age and death are also included in ''kala''.

Asatmendriyartha samyoga is self explanatory term denoting improper indulgence in the unsuitable sensory activities. The activities are enlisted in detail in the chapter. In today’s era of modernization and technological dependence, the excess indulgence in use of sense organs shall be avoided.  

''Asatmendriyartha samyoga'' is self explanatory term denoting improper indulgence in the unsuitable sensory activities. The activities are enlisted in detail in the chapter. In today’s era of modernization and technological dependence, the excess indulgence in use of sense organs shall be avoided.  

Practicing yogic lifestyle negates above three factors which cause disease and thus prevents disease and gives healthy long life.

Practicing ''yogic'' lifestyle negates above three factors which cause disease and thus prevents disease and gives healthy long life.

There are many disciplines of yoga described since Vedic period dating back 4000 to 5000 years. In the second century B.C. Patanjali outlined ashtanga yoga (eight limbs of yoga) or raj yoga which is being recognized as the most common and practical in the current society.

There are many disciplines of ''yoga'' described since Vedic period dating back 4000 to 5000 years. In the second century B.C. Patanjali outlined ''ashtanga yoga'' (eight limbs of ''yoga'') or ''raja yoga'' which is being recognized as the most common and practical in the current society.

Origin of the word yoga is from Sanskrit word yuj meaning “union” and represents union of mind, body, soul and spirit. As mentioned in the chapter, all started from pure being or purusha which is divine and state of perfection without any suffering because there is nothing material. Purusha creates prakrity which is all around us and we start relating to it and forget that our essence is purusha. This continued relationship to prakrity is the cause for desires and expectations resulting in suffering. The realization of this comes through chitta which is feeling, centered in the heart and is evolution of consciousness.

In order to transcend this dichotomy, patanjali described the following eight limbs of Ashtang Yoga.

Origin of the word ''yoga'' is from Sanskrit word ''yuj'' meaning “union” and represents union of mind, body, soul and spirit. As mentioned in the chapter, all started from pure being or ''purusha'' which is divine and state of perfection without any suffering because there is nothing material. ''Purusha'' creates ''prakriti'' which is all around us and we start relating to it and forget that our essence is ''purusha''. This continued relationship to ''prakriti'' is the cause for desires and expectations resulting in suffering. The realization of this comes through ''chitta'' which is feeling, centered in the heart and is evolution of consciousness.

The first two aspects are Yama and Niyama to create social and personal discipline in the society. The next two, asana and pranayama are to achieve physical and mental strength and stability.

In order to transcend this dichotomy, Patanjali described the following eight limbs of ''ashtanga yoga''.

Pratyahara, dharana, dhyana and samadhi are to achieve moksha by detachment, focus, meditation and bliss. Each one of us has unique qualities and has different levels of existing skills provided by each of the limbs of yoga. Therefore, some individuals may require a teacher or guru to give guidance in the early stages.

Pratyahara, dharana, dhyana'' and ''samadhi'' are to achieve ''moksha'' by detachment, focus, meditation and bliss. Each one of us has unique qualities and has different levels of existing skills provided by each of the limbs of ''yoga''. Therefore, some individuals may require a teacher or ''guru'' to give guidance in the early stages.

# Yamas (social restraints for relating to society) These are:

# ''Yamas'' (social restraints for relating to society) These are:

## Ahimsa: We should not cause pain to others by thoughts, words and actions. Show kindness and thoughtfulness to others.

## ''Ahimsa'': We should not cause pain to others by thoughts, words and actions. Show kindness and thoughtfulness to others.

## Satya: Truthfulness and honesty.

## ''Satya'': Truthfulness and honesty.

## Asteya or non-stealing: Tangible and intangible.

## ''Asteya'' or non-stealing: Tangible and intangible.

## Bramhacharya: Control over senses, appropriate sexual behavior.  

## ''Bramhacharya'': Control over senses, appropriate sexual behavior.  

## Aparigraha or non hoarding: Taking from nature what is needed.

## ''Aparigraha'' or non hoarding: Taking from nature what is needed.

# Niyama: (Personal restraints or conduct)

# ''Niyama'': (Personal restraints or conduct)

## Shaucha: Physical and mental cleanliness or purity.

## ''Shaucha'': Physical and mental cleanliness or purity.

## Santosha: Contentment

## ''Santosha'': Contentment

## Tapas: Self discipline.

## ''Tapas'': Self discipline.

## Swadhyaya: Self study

## ''Swadhyaya'': Self study

## Ishwara pranidhana: Acceptance. Do karma and leave results to higher powers.

## ''Ishwara pranidhana'': Acceptance. Do karma and leave results to higher powers.

# Asanas: Means steady and comfortable posture. Improves health, strength, balance and flexibility. On a deeper level it is a tool to calm the mind and move into the inner essence of being.

# ''Asanas'': Means steady and comfortable posture. Improves health, strength, balance and flexibility. On a deeper level it is a tool to calm the mind and move into the inner essence of being.

# Pranayama: Directing the life force produces heat (tapa) and cleans the channels, strengthens the respiratory system, calms the mind to be able to concentrate and meditate.  

# Pranayama: Directing the life force produces heat (tapa) and cleans the channels, strengthens the respiratory system, calms the mind to be able to concentrate and meditate.  

# Pratyahara: This is a stage when withdrawal of senses occurs due to break in the link between senses and the mind. It facilitates the next three limbs of yoga.

# Pratyahara: This is a stage when withdrawal of senses occurs due to break in the link between senses and the mind. It facilitates the next three limbs of yoga.