Changes

aparisa~gkhyeyA rasA iti kA~gkAyano bAhlIkabhiShak, AshrayaguNakarmasaMsvAdavisheShANAmaparisa~gkhyeyatvAt||8||  

aparisa~gkhyeyA rasA iti kA~gkAyano bAhlIkabhiShak, AshrayaguNakarmasaMsvAdavisheShANAmaparisa~gkhyeyatvAt||8||  

“There is only one rasa”, said Bhadrakapya, “which is one of the five sense objects, being the object of gustatory organ, and not different from water". “Two rasas”, said the brahmana descendant of Shakunta, “and these are eliminating and pacifying”. "Three rasas”, said Purnakaksha, the descendant of Mudgala, “such as eliminating, pacifying and general (having both properties)". "Four rasas” said Hiranyaksha, the descendant of Kushika, “such as palatable wholesome, palatable unwholesome, impalatable wholesome and impalatable unwholesome." “Five rasas”, said Kumarashira Bharadwaja, “such as derived from the five basic elements- bhumi, udaka, agni, vayu and ankasha". “Six rasas”, said Vayorvida, the king sage, “such as heavy, light, cold, hot, unctuous and rough”. “Seven rasas”, said Nimi, (the king) of Videha, “such as sweet, sour, saline, pungent, bitter, astringent and alkaline”. "Eight rasas, said Badisha, belonging to the clan of Dhamargava, “such as sweet, sour, saline, pungent bitter, astringent, alkaline and unmanifested". “Rasas are innumerable”, said Kankayana, the physician of Bahlika, “because factors like substratum (substance), property, action and taste are innumerable". [8]

“There is only one ''rasa''”, said Bhadrakapya, “which is one of the five sense objects, being the object of gustatory organ, and not different from water". “Two ''rasas''”, said the brahmana descendant of Shakunta, “and these are eliminating and pacifying”. "Three ''rasas''”, said Purnakaksha, the descendant of Mudgala, “such as eliminating, pacifying and general (having both properties)". "Four ''rasas''” said Hiranyaksha, the descendant of Kushika, “such as palatable wholesome, palatable unwholesome, impalatable wholesome and impalatable unwholesome." “Five ''rasas''”, said Kumarashira Bharadwaja, “such as derived from the five basic elements- ''bhumi, udaka, agni, vayu'' and ''ankasha''". “Six ''rasas''”, said Vayorvida, the king sage, “such as heavy, light, cold, hot, unctuous and rough”. “Seven ''rasas''”, said Nimi, (the king) of Videha, “such as sweet, sour, saline, pungent, bitter, astringent and alkaline”. "Eight ''rasas''", said Badisha, belonging to the clan of Dhamargava, “such as sweet, sour, saline, pungent bitter, astringent, alkaline and unmanifested". “''Rasas'' are innumerable”, said Kankayana, the physician of Bahlika, “because factors like substratum (substance), property, action and taste are innumerable". [8]

 

षडेव रसा इत्युवाच भगवानात्रेयः पुनर्वसुः,  

षडेव रसा इत्युवाच भगवानात्रेयः पुनर्वसुः,  

मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायाः|  

मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायाः|  

तच्चैव कारणमपेक्षमाणाः षण्णां रसानां परस्परेणासंसृष्टानां  

तच्चैव कारणमपेक्षमाणाः षण्णां रसानां परस्परेणासंसृष्टानां  

लक्षणपृथक्त्वमुपदेक्ष्यामः||९||

लक्षणपृथक्त्वमुपदेक्ष्यामः||९||

ṣaḍēva rasā ityuvāca bhagavānātrēyaḥ punarvasuḥ,  

ṣaḍēva rasā ityuvāca bhagavānātrēyaḥ punarvasuḥ,  

madhurāmlalavaṇakaṭutiktakaṣāyāḥ|  

madhurāmlalavaṇakaṭutiktakaṣāyāḥ|  

rasānāṁ parasparēṇāsaṁsr̥ṣṭānāṁ  

rasānāṁ parasparēṇāsaṁsr̥ṣṭānāṁ  

lakṣaṇapr̥thaktvamupadēkṣyāmaḥ||9||  

lakṣaṇapr̥thaktvamupadēkṣyāmaḥ||9||  

ShaDeva rasA ityuvAca bhagavAnAtreyaH punarvasuH, madhurAmlalavaNakaTutiktakaShAyAH|  

ShaDeva rasA ityuvAca bhagavAnAtreyaH punarvasuH, madhurAmlalavaNakaTutiktakaShAyAH|  

teShAM [1] ShaNNAM rasAnAM yonirudakaM, chedanopashamane dve karmaNI, tayormishrIbhAvAt sAdhAraNatvaM, svAdvasvAdutA bhaktiH [2] , hitAhitau prabhAvau,pa~jcamahAbhUtavikArAstvAshrayAH prakRutivikRutivicAradeshakAlavashAH, teShvAshrayeShu dravyasa~jj~jakeShu guNAgurulaghushItoShNasnigdharUkShAdyAH; kSharaNAt kShAraH, nAsau rasaH dravyaM tadanekarasasamutpannamanekarasaMkaTukalavaNabhUyiShThamanekendriyArthasamanvitaM karaNAbhinirvRuttam; avyaktIbhAvastu [3] khalu rasAnAM prakRutau bhavatyanurase~anurasasamanvitevA dravye; aparisa~gkhyeyatvaM punasteShAmAshrayAdInAM bhAvAnAM visheShAparisa~gkhyeyatvAnna yuktam, ekaiko~api hyeShAmAshrayAdInAM bhAvAnAMvisheShAnAshrayate visheShAparisa~gkhyeyatvAt, na ca tasmAdanyatvamupapadyate; parasparasaMsRuShTabhUyiShThatvAnnacaiShAmabhinirvRutterguNaprakRutInAmaparisa~gkhyeyatvaM bhavati; tasmAnna saMsRuShTAnAM rasAnAM karmopadishanti buddhimantaH|  

teShAM [1] ShaNNAM rasAnAM yonirudakaM, chedanopashamane dve karmaNI, tayormishrIbhAvAt sAdhAraNatvaM, svAdvasvAdutA bhaktiH [2] , hitAhitau prabhAvau,pa~jcamahAbhUtavikArAstvAshrayAH prakRutivikRutivicAradeshakAlavashAH, teShvAshrayeShu dravyasa~jj~jakeShu guNAgurulaghushItoShNasnigdharUkShAdyAH; kSharaNAt kShAraH, nAsau rasaH dravyaM tadanekarasasamutpannamanekarasaMkaTukalavaNabhUyiShThamanekendriyArthasamanvitaM karaNAbhinirvRuttam; avyaktIbhAvastu [3] khalu rasAnAM prakRutau bhavatyanurase~anurasasamanvitevA dravye; aparisa~gkhyeyatvaM punasteShAmAshrayAdInAM bhAvAnAM visheShAparisa~gkhyeyatvAnna yuktam, ekaiko~api hyeShAmAshrayAdInAM bhAvAnAMvisheShAnAshrayate visheShAparisa~gkhyeyatvAt, na ca tasmAdanyatvamupapadyate; parasparasaMsRuShTabhUyiShThatvAnnacaiShAmabhinirvRutterguNaprakRutInAmaparisa~gkhyeyatvaM bhavati; tasmAnna saMsRuShTAnAM rasAnAM karmopadishanti buddhimantaH|  

taccaiva kAraNamapekShamANAH ShaNNAM rasAnAM paraspareNAsaMsRuShTAnAM lakShaNapRuthaktvamupadekShyAmaH||9||  

taccaiva kAraNamapekShamANAH ShaNNAM rasAnAM paraspareNAsaMsRuShTAnAM lakShaNapRuthaktvamupadekShyAmaH||9||  

(After this) Lord Punarvasu Atreya said, "Rasas are only six: madhura (sweet), amla (sour), lavana (saline), katu (pungent), tikta (bitter) and kasaya (astringent). Their primordial source is water. Elimination and pacification the two actions, in moderate both being mixed up. Palatability or otherwise are subjective likings. Wholesome and unwholesome are effects. The products of five mahabhutas (bhumi, udaka, agni, vayu and ankasha) are actually the substratum of rasas dependent on the natural composition, products, preparation, place and time. Heavy, light, cold, hot, unctuous, rough, etc. are the properties residing in those substrata known as dravya (substance or drug). Kshara is called such because of ksharana (having been poured out or having corrosive action). It is not a rasa, but a dravya (substance) having been derived from many rasas and having the amalgamations of many rasas - predominantly katu (pungent) & lavana (saline) -  and produced by a particular method of preparation. Unmanifestedness is there in primordial source of rasa, anurasa (secondary rasa) and in the substance having anurasa. Countlessness of rasas because of countlessness of factors like substratum etc. is not a convincing hypothesis because even a single rasa is attached to innumerable factors like substratum etc. and yet it does not forego its identity. Even in cases of combinations of rasas, there is no innumerableness of its primordial source, natural properties and actions. That is why the intelligent ones do not describe the action of the combined rasas. Based on this fact, (I) will describe the characters of uncombined six rasas separately.” [9]

(After this) Lord Punarvasu Atreya said, "Rasas are only six: madhura (sweet), amla (sour), lavana (saline), katu (pungent), tikta (bitter) and kasaya (astringent). Their primordial source is water. Elimination and pacification the two actions, in moderate both being mixed up. Palatability or otherwise are subjective likings. Wholesome and unwholesome are effects. The products of five mahabhutas (bhumi, udaka, agni, vayu and ankasha) are actually the substratum of rasas dependent on the natural composition, products, preparation, place and time. Heavy, light, cold, hot, unctuous, rough, etc. are the properties residing in those substrata known as dravya (substance or drug). Kshara is called such because of ksharana (having been poured out or having corrosive action). It is not a rasa, but a dravya (substance) having been derived from many rasas and having the amalgamations of many rasas - predominantly katu (pungent) & lavana (saline) -  and produced by a particular method of preparation. Unmanifestedness is there in primordial source of rasa, anurasa (secondary rasa) and in the substance having anurasa. Countlessness of rasas because of countlessness of factors like substratum etc. is not a convincing hypothesis because even a single rasa is attached to innumerable factors like substratum etc. and yet it does not forego its identity. Even in cases of combinations of rasas, there is no innumerableness of its primordial source, natural properties and actions. That is why the intelligent ones do not describe the action of the combined rasas. Based on this fact, (I) will describe the characters of uncombined six rasas separately.” [9]

The Five Elements, their properties and actions:

The Five Elements, their properties and actions:

अग्रे तु तावद्द्रव्यभेदमभिप्रेत्य किञ्चिदभिधास्यामः|  

अग्रे तु तावद्द्रव्यभेदमभिप्रेत्य किञ्चिदभिधास्यामः|