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Line 622: − + − + + + − Summary: + + + + + + − + + − + − • Formation of pure blood depends upon the place, time, diet, and lifestyle. [3]+ − • Pureblood is one of ten vital components of the body. [4]+ − • Katu,(pungent) amla (sour), lavana (salty), ushna (hot) foods, excessive anger, excessive food, exposure to sun & fire, trauma and autumn season are main causes of raktaja vikara. All diet and lifestyle factors responsible for pitta vitiation can cause vitiation of blood. [5-10]+ − • Treatment of blood vitiation disorders is like rakta- pitta with purgation, fasting, and bloodletting. [18]+ − • The extent of bloodletting is decided according to the severity of the disease, location of the disease, and strength of the patient.[19]+ − • vata and pitta increase bleeding and delay blood-clotting while kapha does the opposite.[20-21]+ − • A person should take digestion-enhancing diet consisting of shali (red rice), moong (green gram), etc. to strengthen digestive power after bloodletting. [23]+ − • Mada, murchcha, and sanyasa are caused due to vitiated doshas as well as rajas and tamas, which impair and obstruct rasavaha, raktavaha, and sangyavahi srotas and are responsible for various states of consciousness. Altered sensorium and consciousness are caused by consumption of contaminated diet and conduct. Mind and body are equally involved in the pathology of intoxication, syncope, and coma. [25-29]+ − • Mada and madatyaya are clinically interchangeable. All types of narcosis and intoxication are caused by the vitiation of the three doshas.[34]+ − • Murchha is a transient loss of consciousness with prodromal visual hallucinations specific to vata, pitta, and kapha. [35-41]+ − • Mada and murchha are mostly self-limiting conditions in which spontaneous recovery occurs most of the time. Sanyasa requires intensive care management. [42-53]+ − • Purification of channels through [[Panchakarma]] is indicated before administration of drugs.[54-58]+ + + + + − Vidhi vimarsha: Line 674:
Line 685: − References: − 1. Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, Ist part, Sutrasthana, Chap 24, shloka no.4, Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 443. − 2. Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Sushruta Samhita, Ist part, Sutra sthana Chap 15, shloka no.44, Reprint 2013, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, pp 73. − 3. Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, 2nd part, Chikitsa sthana, Chap 15, shlok no.28 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 457. − 4. Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, Ist part, Vimana sthana, Chap 1, shlok no.21 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 680. − 5. Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Sushruta Samhita, Ist part, Sutra sthana Chap 15, shlok no.7 ,Reprint 2013, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, pp 75. − 6. Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, 2nd part, Chikitsa sthana, Chap 15, shlok no.28 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 457. − 7. Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, Ist part, Sutrasthana, Chap 29, shlok no.3 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 576. − 8. Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, Ist part, Sharira sthana, Chap 7, shlok no. 9 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 913. − 9. Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, Ist part, Indriya sthana, Chap 7, shlok no. 13 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 995. − Glossary of Technical Terms:+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
→Various treatments of mada amd murchcha
sevanAnmadamUrcchAyAH prashAmyanti sharIriNAm||58||
sevanAnmadamUrcchAyAH prashAmyanti sharIriNAm||58||
In the cases of mada and murchha, patients should be subjected to five (evacuative) measures, after proper oleation and fomentation, according to the dosha and strength of the person and the disease. Likewise, the administration of paniya-kalyana ghrita, tiktashatpala ghrita or mahatikta ghrita is recommended. The use of triphala with ghrita, honey and sugar, shilajatu, milk, pippali (Piper longum) or chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.) with milk, rasayana, and kaumbha (ten year old) ghrita are also beneficial.
In the cases of ''mada'' and ''murchcha'', patients should be subjected to five (evacuative) measures, after proper oleation and fomentation, according to the ''dosha'' and strength of the person and the disease. Likewise, the administration of ''paniya-kalyana ghrita'', ''tiktashatpala ghrita'' or ''mahatikta ghrita'' is recommended. The use of ''triphala'' with ''ghrita'', honey and sugar, ''shilajatu,'' milk, ''pippali'' (Piper longum) or ''chitraka'' (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.) with milk, ''rasayana,'' and ''kaumbha'' (ten year old) ''ghrita'' are also beneficial.
Mada and murchha are alleviated by bloodletting and constantly keeping the patient regaled with anecdotes from the scriptures, and in the company of noble and intelligent persons. [54-58]
''Mada'' and ''murchcha'' are alleviated by bloodletting and constantly keeping the patient regaled with anecdotes from the scriptures, and in the company of noble and intelligent persons. [54-58]
==== Summary ====
तत्र श्लोकौ-
तत्र श्लोकौ-
विशुद्धं चाविशुद्धं च शोणितं तस्य हेतवः|
विशुद्धं चाविशुद्धं च शोणितं तस्य हेतवः|
रक्तप्रदोषजा रोगास्तेषु रोगेषु चौषधम्||५९||
रक्तप्रदोषजा रोगास्तेषु रोगेषु चौषधम्||५९||
मदमूर्च्छायसन्न्यासहेतुलक्षणभेषजम्|
मदमूर्च्छायसन्न्यासहेतुलक्षणभेषजम्|
विधिशोणितकेऽध्याये सर्वमेतत् प्रकाशितम्||६०||
विधिशोणितकेऽध्याये सर्वमेतत् प्रकाशितम्||६०||
tatra ślōkau-
tatra ślōkau-
viśuddhaṁ cāviśuddhaṁ ca śōṇitaṁ tasya hētavaḥ|
viśuddhaṁ cāviśuddhaṁ ca śōṇitaṁ tasya hētavaḥ|
raktapradōṣajā rōgāstēṣu rōgēṣu cauṣadham||59||
raktapradōṣajā rōgāstēṣu rōgēṣu cauṣadham||59||
madamūrcchāyasannyāsahētulakṣaṇabhēṣajam|
madamūrcchāyasannyāsahētulakṣaṇabhēṣajam|
vidhiśōṇitakē'dhyāyē sarvamētat prakāśitam||60||
vidhiśōṇitakē'dhyāyē sarvamētat prakāśitam||60||
tatra shlokau-
tatra shlokau-
vishuddhaM cAvishuddhaM ca shoNitaM tasya hetavaH|
vishuddhaM cAvishuddhaM ca shoNitaM tasya hetavaH|
raktapradoShajA rogAsteShu rogeShu cauShadham||59||
raktapradoShajA rogAsteShu rogeShu cauShadham||59||
madamUrcchAyasannyAsahetulakShaNabheShajam|
madamUrcchAyasannyAsahetulakShaNabheShajam|
vidhishoNitake~adhyAye sarvametat prakAshitam||60||
vidhishoNitake~adhyAye sarvametat prakAshitam||60||
Now the (summing up) verses-
Now the (summing up) verses-
Characteristics of pure and impure blood, its causes, disorders of blood and their treatment, causes, symptoms and treatment of mada, murchha and sanyasa – all this has been described in the chapter on properly formed blood etc.
Characteristics of pure and impure blood, its causes, disorders of blood and their treatment, causes, symptoms and treatment of ''mada,'' ''murchcha'' and ''sanyasa'' – all this has been described in the chapter on properly formed blood etc.
Diseases with variable state of consciousness, from confusion to coma have been described in this chapter. [59-60]
Diseases with variable state of consciousness, from confusion to coma have been described in this chapter. [59-60]
Tattva vimarsha:
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===
*Formation of pure blood depends upon the place, time, diet, and lifestyle. [3]
*Pureblood is one of ten vital components of the body. [4]
*''Katu'',(pungent) ''amla'' (sour), ''lavana'' (salty), ''ushna'' (hot) foods, excessive anger, excessive food, exposure to sun & fire, trauma and autumn season are main causes of ''raktaja vikara''. All diet and lifestyle factors responsible for ''pitta'' vitiation can cause vitiation of blood. [5-10]
*Treatment of blood vitiation disorders is like ''raktapitta'' with purgation, fasting, and bloodletting. [18]
*The extent of bloodletting is decided according to the severity of the disease, location of the disease, and strength of the patient.[19]
*''Vata'' and ''pitta'' increase bleeding and delay blood-clotting while ''kapha'' does the opposite.[20-21]
*A person should take digestion-enhancing diet consisting of ''shali'' (red rice), ''moong'' (green gram), etc. to strengthen digestive power after bloodletting. [23]
*''Mada, murchcha'', and ''sanyasa'' are caused due to vitiated doshas as well as ''rajas'' and ''tamas,'' which impair and obstruct ''rasavaha, raktavaha'', and ''sangyavahi srotas'' and are responsible for various states of consciousness. Altered sensorium and consciousness are caused by consumption of contaminated diet and conduct. Mind and body are equally involved in the pathology of intoxication, syncope, and coma. [25-29]
*''Mada'' and ''madatyaya'' are clinically interchangeable. All types of narcosis and intoxication are caused by the vitiation of the three ''doshas''.[34]
*''Murchcha'' is a transient loss of consciousness with prodromal visual hallucinations specific to ''vata, pitta,'' and ''kapha''. [35-41]
*''Mada'' and ''murchcha'' are mostly self-limiting conditions in which spontaneous recovery occurs most of the time. ''Sanyasa'' requires intensive care management. [42-53]
*Purification of channels through [[Panchakarma]] is indicated before administration of drugs.[54-58]
=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===
A person who is following a regimen or conduct suitable to a location (desha-satmya), time (kala-satmya), and habit or lifestyle (oka-satmya), when he takes food according to aahara vidhi visheshayatana (as described in the first chapter of Charaka Vimana section[3]) - food having six rasaja, taken at proper time, proper place, in proper quantity, and that which is wholesome in nature, will have pure (or healthy) blood. Pure blood formed after proper digestion of food is full of nutritional values necessary for life. Formation of pure blood takes place due to extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors are obtained from dietary sources. On the other hand, intrinsic factors are generated inside the body, such as Ranjaka pitta and majjagata substances (bone marrow). The importance of pure blood is described in Sushruta Sutra [4]15/7 and Charaka Chikitsa [5] 15/28.[3]
A person who is following a regimen or conduct suitable to a location (desha-satmya), time (kala-satmya), and habit or lifestyle (oka-satmya), when he takes food according to aahara vidhi visheshayatana (as described in the first chapter of Charaka Vimana section[3]) - food having six rasaja, taken at proper time, proper place, in proper quantity, and that which is wholesome in nature, will have pure (or healthy) blood. Pure blood formed after proper digestion of food is full of nutritional values necessary for life. Formation of pure blood takes place due to extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors are obtained from dietary sources. On the other hand, intrinsic factors are generated inside the body, such as Ranjaka pitta and majjagata substances (bone marrow). The importance of pure blood is described in Sushruta Sutra [4]15/7 and Charaka Chikitsa [5] 15/28.[3]
Pure-blood is the basis of life as it nourishes dasha pranayatna (ten important “life areas” of the body: two temples, heart, head, bladder, throat, blood, semen, ojas and rectum [6], (Ch. Sha. 7/9) [7]. Rakta increases the physical strength, complexion, immunity, and vitality of life (Su.Su. 15/7) [8]. [4]
Pure-blood is the basis of life as it nourishes dasha pranayatna (ten important “life areas” of the body: two temples, heart, head, bladder, throat, blood, semen, ojas and rectum [6], (Ch. Sha. 7/9) [7]. Rakta increases the physical strength, complexion, immunity, and vitality of life (Su.Su. 15/7) [8]. [4]
Various medicated ghrita are indicated for sanyasa since lipid matrix helps to cross the blood-brain barrier and act on the brain. [54-58]
Various medicated ghrita are indicated for sanyasa since lipid matrix helps to cross the blood-brain barrier and act on the brain. [54-58]
Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis should be considered to gain an understanding of raktaja vikara. Electrolyte imbalances should be evaluated for the keen diagnosis of mada, murchha, and sanyasa. [59-60]
Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis should be considered to gain an understanding of raktaja vikara. Electrolyte imbalances should be evaluated for the keen diagnosis of mada, murchha, and sanyasa. [59-60]
=== References ===
#Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, Ist part, Sutrasthana, Chap 24, shloka no.4, Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 443.
#Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Sushruta Samhita, Ist part, Sutra sthana Chap 15, shloka no.44, Reprint 2013, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, pp 73.
#Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, 2nd part, Chikitsa sthana, Chap 15, shlok no.28 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 457.
#Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, Ist part, Vimana sthana, Chap 1, shlok no.21 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 680.
#Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Sushruta Samhita, Ist part, Sutra sthana Chap 15, shlok no.7 ,Reprint 2013, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, pp 75.
#Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, 2nd part, Chikitsa sthana, Chap 15, shlok no.28 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 457.
#Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, Ist part, Sutrasthana, Chap 29, shlok no.3 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 576.
#Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, Ist part, Sharira sthana, Chap 7, shlok no. 9 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 913.
#Pandit Kashi Nath Shastri, Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita, Ist part, Indriya sthana, Chap 7, shlok no. 13 ,Reprint 2005, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, pp 995.
=== Glossary ===
1.aukasātmyā (aukasAtmyA; अ©कसात्म्य)– Acquired homologation/adaptation
1.aukasātmyā (aukasAtmyA; अ©कसात्म्य)– Acquired homologation/adaptation
2. ādhyaśana (Adhyashana; अध्यशनै ) - Eating before the complete digestion of the previous food.
2. ādhyaśana (Adhyashana; अध्यशनै ) - Eating before the complete digestion of the previous food.