Changes

arUkShamanabhiShyandi tvAsInapracalAyitam||50||

arUkShamanabhiShyandi tvAsInapracalAyitam||50||

Insomnia or staying up late at night causes roughness in the body and sleeping during the day causes snigdhata (unctuousness). However, napping in sitting posture does not cause either roughness nor unctuousness [50].

Insomnia or staying up late at night causes roughness in the body and sleeping during the day causes ''snigdhata'' (unctuousness). However, napping in sitting posture does not cause either roughness nor unctuousness [50]

The importance of diet and sleep among the obese and the (excessively) lean:

 

==== The importance of diet and sleep among the obese and the (excessively) lean ====

 

देहवृत्तौ यथाऽऽहारस्तथा स्वप्नः सुखो मतः|  

देहवृत्तौ यथाऽऽहारस्तथा स्वप्नः सुखो मतः|  

स्वप्नाहारसमुत्थे च स्थौल्यकार्श्ये विशेषतः||५१||  

स्वप्नाहारसमुत्थे च स्थौल्यकार्श्ये विशेषतः||५१||  

dēhavr̥ttau yathā''hārastathā svapnaḥ sukhō mataḥ|  

dēhavr̥ttau yathā''hārastathā svapnaḥ sukhō mataḥ|  

svapnāhārasamutthē ca sthaulyakārśyē viśēṣataḥ||51||

svapnāhārasamutthē ca sthaulyakārśyē viśēṣataḥ||51||

dehavRuttau yathA~a~ahArastathA svapnaH sukho mataH|  

dehavRuttau yathA~a~ahArastathA svapnaH sukho mataH|  

svapnAhArasamutthe ca sthaulyakArshye visheShataH||51||   

svapnAhArasamutthe ca sthaulyakArshye visheShataH||51||   

As wholesome diet is essential for the maintenance of the body, sleep is essential for happiness. Therefore, obesity and leanness are specifically caused by improper sleep and diet. [51].

 

Sleep-promoting measures:

As wholesome diet is essential for the maintenance of the body, sleep is essential for happiness. Therefore, obesity and leanness are specifically caused by improper sleep and diet. [51]

 

==== Sleep-promoting measures ====

 

अभ्यङ्गोत्सादनं स्नानं ग्राम्यानूपौदका रसाः|  

अभ्यङ्गोत्सादनं स्नानं ग्राम्यानूपौदका रसाः|  

शाल्यन्नं सदधि क्षीरं स्नेहो मद्यं मनःसुखम्||५२||  

शाल्यन्नं सदधि क्षीरं स्नेहो मद्यं मनःसुखम्||५२||  

मनसोऽनुगुणा गन्धाः शब्दाः संवाहनानि च|  

मनसोऽनुगुणा गन्धाः शब्दाः संवाहनानि च|  

चक्षुषोस्तर्पणं लेपः शिरसो वदनस्य च||५३||  

चक्षुषोस्तर्पणं लेपः शिरसो वदनस्य च||५३||  

स्वास्तीर्णं शयनं वेश्म सुखं कालस्तथोचितः|  

स्वास्तीर्णं शयनं वेश्म सुखं कालस्तथोचितः|  

आनयन्त्यचिरान्निद्रां प्रनष्टा या निमित्ततः||५४||  

आनयन्त्यचिरान्निद्रां प्रनष्टा या निमित्ततः||५४||  

abhyaṅgōtsādanaṁ snānaṁ grāmyānūpaudakā rasāḥ|  

abhyaṅgōtsādanaṁ snānaṁ grāmyānūpaudakā rasāḥ|  

śālyannaṁ sadadhi kṣīraṁ snēhō madyaṁ manaḥsukham||52||  

śālyannaṁ sadadhi kṣīraṁ snēhō madyaṁ manaḥsukham||52||  

manasō'nuguṇā gandhāḥ śabdāḥ saṁvāhanāni ca|  

manasō'nuguṇā gandhāḥ śabdāḥ saṁvāhanāni ca|  

cakṣuṣōstarpaṇaṁ lēpaḥ śirasō vadanasya ca||53||  

cakṣuṣōstarpaṇaṁ lēpaḥ śirasō vadanasya ca||53||  

svāstīrṇaṁ śayanaṁ vēśma sukhaṁ kālastathōcitaḥ|  

svāstīrṇaṁ śayanaṁ vēśma sukhaṁ kālastathōcitaḥ|  

ānayantyacirānnidrāṁ pranaṣṭā yā nimittataḥ||54||  

ānayantyacirānnidrāṁ pranaṣṭā yā nimittataḥ||54||  

abhya~ggotsAdanaM snAnaM grAmyAnUpaudakA rasAH|  

abhya~ggotsAdanaM snAnaM grAmyAnUpaudakA rasAH|  

shAlyannaM sadadhi kShIraM sneho madyaM manaHsukham||52||  

shAlyannaM sadadhi kShIraM sneho madyaM manaHsukham||52||  

manaso~anuguNA gandhAH shabdAH saMvAhanAni ca|  

manaso~anuguNA gandhAH shabdAH saMvAhanAni ca|  

cakShuShostarpaNaM lepaH shiraso vadanasya ca||53||  

cakShuShostarpaNaM lepaH shiraso vadanasya ca||53||  

svAstIrNaM shayanaM veshma sukhaM kAlastathocitaH|  

svAstIrNaM shayanaM veshma sukhaM kAlastathocitaH|  

AnayantyacirAnnidrAM pranaShTA yA nimittataH||54||  

AnayantyacirAnnidrAM pranaShTA yA nimittataH||54||  

If for some reason one suffers from sleeplessness, he can be cured by applying measures such as- body massages, unction, bath, (intake of) soup made up of meat of domestic, marshy and/or aquatic animals, shali rice with curd, milk, fat, wine, mental pleasure, pleasant smell and sound, application of soothing ointment to eyes, head and face, comfortable bed and home, and getting habituated to sleeping at a particular time.  [52-54].

If for some reason one suffers from sleeplessness, he can be cured by applying measures such as- body massages, unction, bath, (intake of) soup made up of meat of domestic, marshy and/or aquatic animals, ''shali'' rice with curd, milk, fat, wine, mental pleasure, pleasant smell and sound, application of soothing ointment to eyes, head and face, comfortable bed and home, and getting habituated to sleeping at a particular time.  [52-54]

Causes of sleeplessness:

 

==== Causes of sleeplessness ====

 

कायस्य शिरसश्चैव विरेकश्छर्दनं भयम्|  

कायस्य शिरसश्चैव विरेकश्छर्दनं भयम्|  

चिन्ता क्रोधस्तथा धूमो व्यायामो  रक्तमोक्षणम्||५५||  

चिन्ता क्रोधस्तथा धूमो व्यायामो  रक्तमोक्षणम्||५५||  

उपवासोऽसुखा शय्या सत्त्वौदार्यं तमोजयः|  

उपवासोऽसुखा शय्या सत्त्वौदार्यं तमोजयः|  

निद्राप्रसङ्गमहितं वारयन्ति समुत्थितम्||५६||  

निद्राप्रसङ्गमहितं वारयन्ति समुत्थितम्||५६||  

एत एव च विज्ञेया निद्रानाशस्य  हेतवः|  

एत एव च विज्ञेया निद्रानाशस्य  हेतवः|  

कार्यं कालो विकारश्च प्रकृतिर्वायुरेव च||५७||  

कार्यं कालो विकारश्च प्रकृतिर्वायुरेव च||५७||  

kāyasya śirasaścaiva virēkaśchardanaṁ bhayam|  

kāyasya śirasaścaiva virēkaśchardanaṁ bhayam|  

cintā krōdhastathā dhūmō vyāyāmō  raktamōkṣaṇam||55||  

cintā krōdhastathā dhūmō vyāyāmō  raktamōkṣaṇam||55||  

upavāsō'sukhā śayyā sattvaudāryaṁ tamōjayaḥ|  

upavāsō'sukhā śayyā sattvaudāryaṁ tamōjayaḥ|  

nidrāprasaṅgamahitaṁ vārayanti samutthitam||56||  

nidrāprasaṅgamahitaṁ vārayanti samutthitam||56||  

ēta ēva ca vijñēyā nidrānāśasya hētavaḥ|  

ēta ēva ca vijñēyā nidrānāśasya hētavaḥ|  

kāryaṁ kālō vikāraśca prakr̥tirvāyurēva ca||57||  

kāryaṁ kālō vikāraśca prakr̥tirvāyurēva ca||57||  

kAyasya shirasashcaiva virekashchardanaM bhayam|  

kAyasya shirasashcaiva virekashchardanaM bhayam|  

cintA krodhastathA dhUmo vyAyAmo [1] raktamokShaNam||55||  

cintA krodhastathA dhUmo vyAyAmo [1] raktamokShaNam||55||  

upavAso~asukhA shayyA sattvaudAryaM tamojayaH|  

upavAso~asukhA shayyA sattvaudAryaM tamojayaH|  

nidrAprasa~ggamahitaM vArayanti samutthitam||56||  

nidrAprasa~ggamahitaM vArayanti samutthitam||56||  

eta eva ca vij~jeyA nidrAnAshasya [2] hetavaH|  

eta eva ca vij~jeyA nidrAnAshasya [2] hetavaH|  

kAryaM kAlo vikArashca prakRutirvAyureva ca||57||

kAryaM kAlo vikArashca prakRutirvAyureva ca||57||

Elimination of doshas from the body and the head through purgation and emesis, predominance of sattva and suppression of Tamas, emotions such as fear, anxiety, and anger, habits and activities such as smoking, physical exercise, bloodletting, fasting, and environmental settings such as uncomfortable bed go a long way in overcoming excessive sleepiness/hypersomnolence.  

 

The above-mentioned factors, along with overwork, old age, Vatika diseases, Vatika constitution and aggravation of vata itself, are known to cause sleeplessness even in a normal individual. Some are insomniac even by nature [55-57].

Elimination of ''doshas'' from the body and the head through purgation and emesis, predominance of ''sattva'' and suppression of ''tamas'', emotions such as fear, anxiety, and anger, habits and activities such as smoking, physical exercise, bloodletting, fasting, and environmental settings such as uncomfortable bed go a long way in overcoming excessive sleepiness/hypersomnolence.  

Origins and types of sleep:

The above-mentioned factors, along with overwork, old age, ''vatika'' diseases, ''vatika'' constitution and aggravation of ''vata'' itself, are known to cause sleeplessness even in a normal individual. Some are insomniac even by nature [55-57]

 

==== Origins and types of sleep ====

 

तमोभवा श्लेष्मसमुद्भवा च मनःशरीरश्रमसम्भवा च|  

तमोभवा श्लेष्मसमुद्भवा च मनःशरीरश्रमसम्भवा च|  

आगन्तुकी व्याध्यनुवर्तिनी च रात्रिस्वभावप्रभवा च निद्रा||५८||  

आगन्तुकी व्याध्यनुवर्तिनी च रात्रिस्वभावप्रभवा च निद्रा||५८||  

tamōbhavā ślēṣmasamudbhavā ca manaḥśarīraśramasambhavā ca|  

tamōbhavā ślēṣmasamudbhavā ca manaḥśarīraśramasambhavā ca|  

āgantukī vyādhyanuvartinī ca rātrisvabhāvaprabhavā ca nidrā||58||  

āgantukī vyādhyanuvartinī ca rātrisvabhāvaprabhavā ca nidrā||58||  

tamobhavA shleShmasamudbhavA ca manaHsharIrashramasambhavA ca|  

tamobhavA shleShmasamudbhavA ca manaHsharIrashramasambhavA ca|  

AgantukI vyAdhyanuvartinI ca rAtrisvabhAvaprabhavA ca nidrA||58||

AgantukI vyAdhyanuvartinI ca rAtrisvabhAvaprabhavA ca nidrA||58||

Sleep is of seven types, categorized by its cause: Tamas, vitiated kapha, mental exertion, physical exertion, exogenous factors, diseases, and normal (nighttime). [58].

Sleep is of seven types, categorized by its cause: ''Tamas'', vitiated ''kapha'', mental exertion, physical exertion, exogenous factors, diseases, and normal (nighttime). [58]

 

रात्रिस्वभावप्रभवा मता या तां भूतधात्रीं प्रवदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः|  

रात्रिस्वभावप्रभवा मता या तां भूतधात्रीं प्रवदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः|  

तमोभवामाहुरघस्य मूलं शेषाः पुनर्व्याधिषु निर्दिशन्ति||५९||  

तमोभवामाहुरघस्य मूलं शेषाः पुनर्व्याधिषु निर्दिशन्ति||५९||  

rātrisvabhāvaprabhavā matā yā tāṁ bhūtadhātrīṁ pravadanti tajjñāḥ|  

rātrisvabhāvaprabhavā matā yā tāṁ bhūtadhātrīṁ pravadanti tajjñāḥ|  

tamōbhavāmāhuraghasya mūlaṁ śēṣāḥ punarvyādhiṣu nirdiśanti||59||  

tamōbhavāmāhuraghasya mūlaṁ śēṣāḥ punarvyādhiṣu nirdiśanti||59||  

rAtrisvabhAvaprabhavA matA yA tAM bhUtadhAtrIM pravadanti tajj~jAH|  

rAtrisvabhAvaprabhavA matA yA tAM bhUtadhAtrIM pravadanti tajj~jAH|  

tamobhavAmAhuraghasya mUlaM sheShAH punarvyAdhiShu nirdishanti||59||

tamobhavAmAhuraghasya mUlaM sheShAH punarvyAdhiShu nirdishanti||59||

Natural sleep (sleeping at night) is the best form of sleep. This is also known as Bhutadhatri, or “that which nurses all the living beings." The form of sleep that is caused by Tamas is the cause of all sinful acts while the remaining types are observed in specific situations and ailments [59].

Natural sleep (sleeping at night) is the best form of sleep. This is also known as Bhutadhatri, or “that which nurses all the living beings." The form of sleep that is caused by Tamas is the cause of all sinful acts while the remaining types are observed in specific situations and ailments [59]

 

Summary:  

Summary:  

तत्र श्लोकाः-  

तत्र श्लोकाः-