Changes

sthaulyamicchan parityaktuM krameNAbhipravardhayet||28||

sthaulyamicchan parityaktuM krameNAbhipravardhayet||28||

Food and drinks that alleviate vata and reduce ''kapha'' and ''meda'' (fat), enema with sharp, ununctuous and hot drugs, therapeutic powder massage, use of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Miers), Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn), Triphala (haritaki-Terminalia chebula Linn, bibhitaka- Terminalia belerica Roxb and amalaka- Emblica officinalis Gaertn), Takrarishta (a fermented medicinal preparation of buttermilk) and honey are recommended for the management of obesity. A formulation prepared from Vidanga (Embelia ribes Burm f.), Nagara (Zingiber officinale Rose), Yavakshara (alkali preparation of barley), ash powder of black iron along with honey, powder of yava (Hordeum vulgarae Linn) and amalaka (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) is also an excellent weight-loss drug. Similarly, Bilvadi panchamula (five major roots) mixed with honey and shilajatu along with the juice of agnimantha (Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn.f.) are also very effective preparations for weight-loss.

Food and drinks that alleviate vata and reduce ''kapha'' and ''meda'' (fat), enema with sharp, ununctuous and hot drugs, therapeutic powder massage, use of ''guduchi'' (Tinospora cordifolia Miers), ''musta'' (Cyperus rotundus Linn), ''triphala'' (haritaki-Terminalia chebula Linn, ''bibhitaka''(Terminalia belerica Roxb) and ''amalaka'' (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), ''takrarishta'' (a fermented medicinal preparation of buttermilk) and honey are recommended for the management of obesity. A formulation prepared from ''vidanga'' (Embelia ribes Burm f.), ''nagara'' (Zingiber officinale Rose), ''yavakshara'' (alkali preparation of barley), ash powder of black iron along with honey, powder of ''yava'' (Hordeum vulgarae Linn) and ''amalaka'' (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) is also an excellent weight-loss drug. Similarly, ''Bilvadi panchamula'' (five major roots) mixed with honey and shilajatu along with the juice of ''agnimantha'' (Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn.f.) are also very effective preparations for weight-loss.

A diet consisting of prashatika (Setaria italic Beauv.), priyangu (Aglaia roxburghiana Mig.), shyamaka (Echinochloa frumentaea Linn.), yavaka (small variety of Hordeum vulgarae Linn), yava (Hordeum vulgarae Linn), jurnahva (Sorghum vulgare Linn), kodrava (papalum scrobiculatum Linn.), mudga (Phaseolus mungo Linn.), kulattha (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), chakramudgaka, adhaki (Cajanus cajan Millsp.) along with patola (Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn) and amalaka (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) is very effective in tackling obesity and maintaining good health. Honey water and alcoholic preparations may be taken as postprandial drinks that help in reducing excessive fat and muscle tissues, while also alleviating kapha dosha.  

 

One desirous of reducing obesity should indulge more and more in vigil, sexual activities, as well as physical and mental exercises [21-28].

A diet consisting of ''prashatika'' (Setaria italic Beauv.), ''priyangu'' (Aglaia roxburghiana Mig.), ''shyamaka'' (Echinochloa frumentaea Linn.), ''yavaka'' (small variety of Hordeum vulgarae Linn), ''yava'' (Hordeum vulgarae Linn), ''jurnahva'' (Sorghum vulgare Linn), ''kodrava'' (papalum scrobiculatum Linn.), ''mudga'' (Phaseolus mungo Linn.), ''kulattha'' (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), ''chakramudgaka'', ''adhaki'' (Cajanus cajan Millsp.) along with ''patola'' (Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn) and ''amalaka'' (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) is very effective in tackling obesity and maintaining good health. Honey water and alcoholic preparations may be taken as postprandial drinks that help in reducing excessive fat and muscle tissues, while also alleviating ''kapha dosha''.  

Management of leanness:

 

One desirous of reducing obesity should indulge more and more in vigil, sexual activities, as well as physical and mental exercises [21-28]

 

==== Management of leanness ====

 

स्वप्नो हर्षः सुखा शय्या मनसो निर्वृतिः शमः|  

स्वप्नो हर्षः सुखा शय्या मनसो निर्वृतिः शमः|  

चिन्ताव्यवायव्यायामविरामः प्रियदर्शनम्||२९||  

चिन्ताव्यवायव्यायामविरामः प्रियदर्शनम्||२९||  

नवान्नानि नवं मद्यं ग्राम्यानूपौदका रसाः|  

नवान्नानि नवं मद्यं ग्राम्यानूपौदका रसाः|  

संस्कृतानि च मांसानि दधि सर्पिः पयांसि च||३०||  

संस्कृतानि च मांसानि दधि सर्पिः पयांसि च||३०||  

इक्षवः शालयो माषा गोधूमा गुडवैकृतम्|  

इक्षवः शालयो माषा गोधूमा गुडवैकृतम्|  

बस्तयः स्निग्धमधुरास्तैलाभ्यङ्गश्च सर्वदा||३१||  

बस्तयः स्निग्धमधुरास्तैलाभ्यङ्गश्च सर्वदा||३१||  

स्निग्धमुद्वर्तनं स्नानं गन्धमाल्यनिषेवणम्|  

स्निग्धमुद्वर्तनं स्नानं गन्धमाल्यनिषेवणम्|  

शुक्लं वासो यथाकालं दोषाणामवसेचनम्||३२||  

शुक्लं वासो यथाकालं दोषाणामवसेचनम्||३२||  

रसायनानां वृष्याणां योगानामुपसेवनम्|  

रसायनानां वृष्याणां योगानामुपसेवनम्|  

हत्वाऽतिकार्श्यमाधत्ते नृणामुपचयं परम्||३३||  

हत्वाऽतिकार्श्यमाधत्ते नृणामुपचयं परम्||३३||  

अचिन्तनाच्च कार्याणां ध्रुवं सन्तर्पणेन च|  

अचिन्तनाच्च कार्याणां ध्रुवं सन्तर्पणेन च|  

स्वप्नप्रसङ्गाच्च नरो वराह इव पुष्यति||३४||

स्वप्नप्रसङ्गाच्च नरो वराह इव पुष्यति||३४||

svapnō harṣaḥ sukhā śayyā manasō nirvr̥tiḥ śamaḥ|  

svapnō harṣaḥ sukhā śayyā manasō nirvr̥tiḥ śamaḥ|  

cintāvyavāyavyāyāmavirāmaḥ priyadarśanam||29||  

cintāvyavāyavyāyāmavirāmaḥ priyadarśanam||29||  

navānnāni navaṁ madyaṁ grāmyānūpaudakā rasāḥ|  

navānnāni navaṁ madyaṁ grāmyānūpaudakā rasāḥ|  

saṁskr̥tāni ca māṁsāni dadhi sarpiḥ payāṁsi ca||30||  

saṁskr̥tāni ca māṁsāni dadhi sarpiḥ payāṁsi ca||30||  

ikṣavaḥ śālayō māṣā gōdhūmā guḍavaikr̥tam|  

ikṣavaḥ śālayō māṣā gōdhūmā guḍavaikr̥tam|  

bastayaḥ snigdhamadhurāstailābhyaṅgaśca sarvadā||31||  

bastayaḥ snigdhamadhurāstailābhyaṅgaśca sarvadā||31||  

snigdhamudvartanaṁ snānaṁ gandhamālyaniṣēvaṇam|  

snigdhamudvartanaṁ snānaṁ gandhamālyaniṣēvaṇam|  

śuklaṁ vāsō yathākālaṁ dōṣāṇāmavasēcanam||32||  

śuklaṁ vāsō yathākālaṁ dōṣāṇāmavasēcanam||32||  

rasāyanānāṁ vr̥ṣyāṇāṁ yōgānāmupasēvanam|  

rasāyanānāṁ vr̥ṣyāṇāṁ yōgānāmupasēvanam|  

hatvā'tikārśyamādhattē nr̥ṇāmupacayaṁ param||33||  

hatvā'tikārśyamādhattē nr̥ṇāmupacayaṁ param||33||  

acintanācca kāryāṇāṁ dhruvaṁ santarpaṇēna ca|  

acintanācca kāryāṇāṁ dhruvaṁ santarpaṇēna ca|  

svapnaprasaṅgācca narō varāha iva puṣyati||34||  

svapnaprasaṅgācca narō varāha iva puṣyati||34||  

svapno harShaH sukhA shayyA manaso nirvRutiH shamaH|  

svapno harShaH sukhA shayyA manaso nirvRutiH shamaH|  

cintAvyavAyavyAyAmavirAmaH priyadarshanam||29||  

cintAvyavAyavyAyAmavirAmaH priyadarshanam||29||  

navAnnAni navaM madyaM grAmyAnUpaudakA rasAH|  

navAnnAni navaM madyaM grAmyAnUpaudakA rasAH|  

saMskRutAni ca mAMsAni dadhi sarpiH payAMsi ca||30||  

saMskRutAni ca mAMsAni dadhi sarpiH payAMsi ca||30||  

ikShavaH shAlayo mAShA godhUmA guDavaikRutam|  

ikShavaH shAlayo mAShA godhUmA guDavaikRutam|  

bastayaH snigdhamadhurAstailAbhya~ggashca sarvadA||31||  

bastayaH snigdhamadhurAstailAbhya~ggashca sarvadA||31||  

snigdhamudvartanaM snAnaM gandhamAlyaniShevaNam|  

snigdhamudvartanaM snAnaM gandhamAlyaniShevaNam|  

shuklaM vAso yathAkAlaM doShANAmavasecanam||32||  

shuklaM vAso yathAkAlaM doShANAmavasecanam||32||  

rasAyanAnAM vRuShyANAM yogAnAmupasevanam|  

rasAyanAnAM vRuShyANAM yogAnAmupasevanam|  

hatvA~atikArshyamAdhatte nRuNAmupacayaM param||33||  

hatvA~atikArshyamAdhatte nRuNAmupacayaM param||33||  

acintanAcca kAryANAM dhruvaM santarpaNena ca|  

acintanAcca kAryANAM dhruvaM santarpaNena ca|  

svapnaprasa~ggAcca naro varAha iva puShyati||34||  

svapnaprasa~ggAcca naro varAha iva puShyati||34||  

Sleep, exhilaration, comfortable bed, contentment, relaxed mind, abstinence from anxiety, sexual act and physical exercise, cheerfulness, newly harvested cereals, fresh wine, meat soup of animals residing in domestic, marshy and aquatic areas, well-cooked and prepared meat, curd, ghee, milk, sugarcane, shali rice, masha (Phaseolus radiates Linn.), wheat and its products, jaggery and its products, enema consisting of unctuous and sweet drugs, regular oil massage, unctuous bath, use of fragrance and garlands, use of white dress, elimination of doshas in due time and regular use of rejuvenating and aphrodisiac formulations to reduce excessive leanness and nourish the body.   

 

Besides, freedom from anxiety about any work, intake of nourishing diet and adequate sleep makes the man too obese like a pig [29-34].

Sleep, exhilaration, comfortable bed, contentment, relaxed mind, abstinence from anxiety, sexual act and physical exercise, cheerfulness, newly harvested cereals, fresh wine, meat soup of animals residing in domestic, marshy and aquatic areas, well-cooked and prepared meat, curd, ghee, milk, sugarcane, ''shali'' rice, ''masha'' (Phaseolus radiates Linn.), wheat and its products, jaggery and its products, enema consisting of unctuous and sweet drugs, regular oil massage, unctuous bath, use of fragrance and garlands, use of white dress, elimination of ''doshas'' in due time and regular use of rejuvenating and aphrodisiac formulations to reduce excessive leanness and nourish the body.   

Sleep physiology:

Besides, freedom from anxiety about any work, intake of nourishing diet and adequate sleep makes the man too obese like a pig [29-34]

 

==== Sleep physiology ====

 

यदा तु मनसि क्लान्ते कर्मात्मानः क्लमान्विताः |  

यदा तु मनसि क्लान्ते कर्मात्मानः क्लमान्विताः |  

विषयेभ्यो निवर्तन्ते तदा स्वपिति मानवः||३५||  

विषयेभ्यो निवर्तन्ते तदा स्वपिति मानवः||३५||  

yadā tu manasi klāntē karmātmānaḥ klamānvitāḥ  |  

yadā tu manasi klāntē karmātmānaḥ klamānvitāḥ  |  

viṣayēbhyō nivartantē tadā svapiti mānavaḥ||35||  

viṣayēbhyō nivartantē tadā svapiti mānavaḥ||35||  

yadA tu manasi klAnte karmAtmAnaH klamAnvitAH |  

yadA tu manasi klAnte karmAtmAnaH klamAnvitAH |  

viShayebhyo nivartante tadA svapiti mAnavaH||35||

viShayebhyo nivartante tadA svapiti mAnavaH||35||

An individual falls asleep when his mind including the sensory and motor organs get exhausted, and they dissociate themselves from their objects. [35].

 

Benefits of sleep:

An individual falls asleep when his mind including the sensory and motor organs get exhausted, and they dissociate themselves from their objects. [35]

 

==== Benefits of sleep ====

 

निद्रायत्तं सुखं दुःखं पुष्टिः कार्श्यं बलाबलम्|  

निद्रायत्तं सुखं दुःखं पुष्टिः कार्श्यं बलाबलम्|  

वृषता क्लीबता ज्ञानमज्ञानं जीवितं न च||३६||  

वृषता क्लीबता ज्ञानमज्ञानं जीवितं न च||३६||  

अकालेऽतिप्रसङ्गाच्च न च निद्रा निषेविता|  

अकालेऽतिप्रसङ्गाच्च न च निद्रा निषेविता|  

सुखायुषी पराकुर्यात्  कालरात्रिरिवापरा||३७||  

सुखायुषी पराकुर्यात्  कालरात्रिरिवापरा||३७||  

सैव युक्ता पुनर्युङ्क्ते निद्रा देहं सुखायुषा|  

सैव युक्ता पुनर्युङ्क्ते निद्रा देहं सुखायुषा|  

पुरुषं योगिनं सिद्ध्या सत्या बुद्धिरिवागता||३८||  

पुरुषं योगिनं सिद्ध्या सत्या बुद्धिरिवागता||३८||  

nidrāyattaṁ sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ puṣṭiḥ kārśyaṁ balābalam|  

nidrāyattaṁ sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ puṣṭiḥ kārśyaṁ balābalam|  

vr̥ṣatā klībatā jñānamajñānaṁ jīvitaṁ na ca||36||  

vr̥ṣatā klībatā jñānamajñānaṁ jīvitaṁ na ca||36||  

akālē'tiprasaṅgācca na ca nidrā niṣēvitā|  

akālē'tiprasaṅgācca na ca nidrā niṣēvitā|  

sukhāyuṣī parākuryāt  kālarātririvāparā||37||  

sukhāyuṣī parākuryāt  kālarātririvāparā||37||  

saiva yuktā punaryuṅktē nidrā dēhaṁ sukhāyuṣā|  

saiva yuktā punaryuṅktē nidrā dēhaṁ sukhāyuṣā|  

puruṣaṁ yōginaṁ siddhyā satyā buddhirivāgatā||38||  

puruṣaṁ yōginaṁ siddhyā satyā buddhirivāgatā||38||  

nidrAyattaM sukhaM duHkhaM puShTiH kArshyaM balAbalam|  

nidrAyattaM sukhaM duHkhaM puShTiH kArshyaM balAbalam|  

vRuShatA klIbatA j~jAnamaj~jAnaM jIvitaM na ca||36||  

vRuShatA klIbatA j~jAnamaj~jAnaM jIvitaM na ca||36||  

akAle~atiprasa~ggAcca na ca nidrA niShevitA|  

akAle~atiprasa~ggAcca na ca nidrA niShevitA|  

sukhAyuShI parAkuryAt [1] kAlarAtririvAparA||37||  

sukhAyuShI parAkuryAt [1] kAlarAtririvAparA||37||  

saiva yuktA punaryu~gkte nidrA dehaM sukhAyuShA|  

saiva yuktA punaryu~gkte nidrA dehaM sukhAyuShA|  

puruShaM yoginaM siddhyA satyA buddhirivAgatA||38||

puruShaM yoginaM siddhyA satyA buddhirivAgatA||38||

In human beings, happiness and misery, nourishment and emaciation, strength and weakness, fertility and infertility, knowledge and ignorance, and life and death depend upon proper (and improper sleep). Untimely, excessive sleep and sleep deprivation take away both happiness and longevity from a person.  Similarly, proper sleep brings about happiness and longevity in human beings just as real knowledge brings about spiritual power in yogis [36-38].

In human beings, happiness and misery, nourishment and emaciation, strength and weakness, fertility and infertility, knowledge and ignorance, and life and death depend upon proper (and improper sleep). Untimely, excessive sleep and sleep deprivation take away both happiness and longevity from a person.  Similarly, proper sleep brings about happiness and longevity in human beings just as real knowledge brings about spiritual power in yogis [36-38]

Indications of daytime sleep:

 

==== Indications of daytime sleep ====

 

गीताध्ययनमद्यस्त्रीकर्मभाराध्वकर्शिताः|  

गीताध्ययनमद्यस्त्रीकर्मभाराध्वकर्शिताः|  

अजीर्णिनः क्षताः क्षीणा वृद्धा बालास्तथाऽबलाः||३९||  

अजीर्णिनः क्षताः क्षीणा वृद्धा बालास्तथाऽबलाः||३९||  

तृष्णातीसारशूलार्ताः श्वासिनो हिक्किनः कृशाः|  

तृष्णातीसारशूलार्ताः श्वासिनो हिक्किनः कृशाः|  

पतिताभिहतोन्मत्ताः क्लान्ता यानप्रजागरैः||४०||  

पतिताभिहतोन्मत्ताः क्लान्ता यानप्रजागरैः||४०||  

क्रोधशोकभयक्लान्ता दिवास्वप्नोचिताश्च ये|  

क्रोधशोकभयक्लान्ता दिवास्वप्नोचिताश्च ये|  

सर्व एते दिवास्वप्नं सेवेरन् सार्वकालिकम्||४१||  

सर्व एते दिवास्वप्नं सेवेरन् सार्वकालिकम्||४१||  

धातुसाम्यं तथा ह्येषां बलं चाप्युपजायते|  

धातुसाम्यं तथा ह्येषां बलं चाप्युपजायते|  

श्लेष्मा पुष्णाति चाङ्गानि स्थैर्यं भवति चायुषः||४२||  

श्लेष्मा पुष्णाति चाङ्गानि स्थैर्यं भवति चायुषः||४२||  

ग्रीष्मे त्वादानरूक्षाणां वर्धमाने च मारुते|  

ग्रीष्मे त्वादानरूक्षाणां वर्धमाने च मारुते|  

रात्रीणां चातिसङ्क्षेपाद्दिवास्वप्नः प्रशस्यते||४३||

रात्रीणां चातिसङ्क्षेपाद्दिवास्वप्नः प्रशस्यते||४३||

gītādhyayanamadyastrīkarmabhārādhvakarśitāḥ|  

gītādhyayanamadyastrīkarmabhārādhvakarśitāḥ|  

ajīrṇinaḥ kṣatāḥ kṣīṇā vr̥ddhā bālāstathā'balāḥ||39||  

ajīrṇinaḥ kṣatāḥ kṣīṇā vr̥ddhā bālāstathā'balāḥ||39||