Changes

Charaka mentions that ''prānavāhi srotāmsi'' of ''indriya'' are situated in the head and are connected with the body as sun is connected with its rays. Therefore, diseases such as ''ardita'' (facial paralysis), ''cheshta nasha'' (paralysis) and disorders of eye movement etc. are due to trauma to the head [Ca Sii 9/4]. In this chapter, the physical location of all the ''indriya'' has been mentioned to be the head, hence on the basis of these observations, it can be concluded that the ''indriya-buddhi'' are also situated in head. ''Indriya buddhi'' is that vital part of a sense that decides the final knowledge of the perceived object. Hence sense centres situated in the cortex region of the brain represent the ''indriya buddhi'' [12]

Charaka mentions that ''prānavāhi srotāmsi'' of ''indriya'' are situated in the head and are connected with the body as sun is connected with its rays. Therefore, diseases such as ''ardita'' (facial paralysis), ''cheshta nasha'' (paralysis) and disorders of eye movement etc. are due to trauma to the head [Ca Sii 9/4]. In this chapter, the physical location of all the ''indriya'' has been mentioned to be the head, hence on the basis of these observations, it can be concluded that the ''indriya-buddhi'' are also situated in head. ''Indriya buddhi'' is that vital part of a sense that decides the final knowledge of the perceived object. Hence sense centres situated in the cortex region of the brain represent the ''indriya buddhi'' [12]

   

   

'''Classification of shiroroga:''' Generally, ''shiroroga'' implies any type of disease afflicting the head. Therefore, Charaka enlisted diseases such as hemicrania (''ardhavabhedaka''), headache (''sarvam va rujyati shirah''), coryza (''pratishyaya''), diseases of mouth, nose, eyes and ears which cause headache (''mukha-nasa-akshi-karna-roga''), giddiness/vertigo (''sirobhramah''), facial paralysis (''ardita''), tremors of the head (''shirasah kampa'') and stiffness of the neck, nape and jaw (''gala-manya-hanu-grahah'') as ''shiroroga''. Hence, in general, shiroroga includes diseases occurring in the skull, its orifices and the structure related to it. As per this classification shiroroga includes ''vatika, paittika, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''krimija shiroroga''.   

'''Classification of ''shiroroga'':''' Generally, ''shiroroga'' implies any type of disease afflicting the head. Therefore, Charaka enlisted diseases such as hemicrania (''ardhavabhedaka''), headache (''sarvam va rujyati shirah''), coryza (''pratishyaya''), diseases of mouth, nose, eyes and ears which cause headache (''mukha-nasa-akshi-karna-roga''), giddiness/vertigo (''sirobhramah''), facial paralysis (''ardita''), tremors of the head (''shirasah kampa'') and stiffness of the neck, nape and jaw (''gala-manya-hanu-grahah'') as ''shiroroga''. Hence, in general, shiroroga includes diseases occurring in the skull, its orifices and the structure related to it. As per this classification ''shiroroga'' includes ''vatika, paittika, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''krimija shiroroga''.   

In addition, in [[Siddhi Sthana]], four more diseases occurring in the head have been described in detail viz. ''shankhaka, ardhavabhedaka,'' ''suryavarta,'' and ''anantavata'' [Ca Si 9/71-87]. In these ''shiroroga'', ''nasya''(nasal errhines) has been indicated [Ca Si 9/88]. In all nine ''shiroroga'' (five in this chapter, and four in [[Siddhi Sthana]]) that mention headache as a key symptom. Other varieties of ''shiroroga'' mentioned in other texts are ''raktaja'' and ''kshayaja'' [Sushruta Uttara 25/3] and ''shirah-kampa'' [As Hr.Uttara 23/9].(Verse 6)

In addition, in [[Siddhi Sthana]], four more diseases occurring in the head have been described in detail viz. ''shankhaka, ardhavabhedaka,'' ''suryavarta,'' and ''anantavata'' [Ca Si 9/71-87]. In these ''shiroroga'', ''nasya''(nasal errhines) has been indicated [Ca Si 9/88]. In all nine ''shiroroga'' (five in this chapter, and four in [[Siddhi Sthana]]) that mention headache as a key symptom. Other varieties of ''shiroroga'' mentioned in other texts are ''raktaja'' and ''kshayaja'' [Sushruta Uttara 25/3] and ''shirah-kampa'' [As Hr.Uttara 23/9].(Verse 6)

Combination of two provoked ''doshas'' leading to a disease is known as ''samsarga'' and when all the three provoked ''doshas'' combine then it is known as ''sannipata''. In the combinations , some ''doshas'' may be in their normal state, while others may be slightly, moderately or excessively increased or in decrease state. Similarly they may be slightly, moderately or significantly decreased. In this way, on the basis of quantum of increase, decrease etc of the ''dosha'', they can be classified into 62 types (verses from 41 to 62) as follows:

Combination of two provoked ''doshas'' leading to a disease is known as ''samsarga'' and when all the three provoked ''doshas'' combine then it is known as ''sannipata''. In the combinations , some ''doshas'' may be in their normal state, while others may be slightly, moderately or excessively increased or in decrease state. Similarly they may be slightly, moderately or significantly decreased. In this way, on the basis of quantum of increase, decrease etc of the ''dosha'', they can be classified into 62 types (verses from 41 to 62) as follows:

*Sixty-two conditions of increased and decreased ''doshas'', including:

*Sixty-two conditions of increased and decreased ''doshas'', including:

**25 conditions of increased ''doshas'':

**25 conditions of increased ''doshas'':

 Three conditions of sannipata where one dosha is increased but the other two doshas are excessively increased in comparison.

 

 vataThree conditions of sannipata where two doshas are increased and one excessively increased

#Three conditions of ''sannipata'' where one ''dosha'' is increased but the other two ''doshas'' are excessively increased in comparison.

 Six conditions of sannipata where one dosha is excessively increased, the second moderately increased and third slightly increased

#Three conditions of ''sannipata'' where two ''doshas'' are increased and one excessively increased

 One condition of sannipata where all the doshas are equally increased

#Six conditions of ''sannipata'' where one ''dosha'' is excessively increased, the second moderately increased and third slightly increased

 Six conditions of samsarga where one dosha is increased and the others excessively increased

#One condition of ''sannipata'' where all the ''doshas'' are equally increased

 Three conditions of samsarga where both the doshas are equally increased

#Six conditions of ''samsarga'' where one ''dosha'' is increased and the others excessively increased

 Three conditions of sannipata where single dosha is increased and others are normal

#Three conditions of ''samsarga'' where both the ''doshas'' are equally increased

#Three conditions of ''sannipata'' where single ''dosha'' is increased and others are normal

o 25 conditions of decreased dosha.

 

Here the doshas may be slightly decreased, moderately decreased and significantly decreased. The combinations follow the same pattern as above.

**25 conditions of decreased ''dosha'':

o 12 conditions of sannipata where one dosha is normal, second is increased and the third is decreased

 

Here the ''doshas'' may be slightly decreased, moderately decreased and significantly decreased. The combinations follow the same pattern as above.

 

**12 conditions of ''sannipata'' where one ''dosha'' is normal, second is increased and the third is decreased.

 

In this way,  62 conditions of various combinations of normal, increased and decreased dosha have been mentioned in this chapter(verses from 41 to 62), of which only 12 types are described in detail. Chakrapāni mentions that combinations of dosha may occur in two ways i.e. prakriti-sama-samveta and vikriti-vishama-samveta.  Prakriti-sama-samveta akin to  a sugar and salt solution in water where the tastes of sugar and salt remain intact and in such types of samsarga or sannipata of doshas, no specific description is given in the text but simply mentioned that mix features of involved doṣha will present.  

In this way,  62 conditions of various combinations of normal, increased and decreased dosha have been mentioned in this chapter(verses from 41 to 62), of which only 12 types are described in detail. Chakrapāni mentions that combinations of dosha may occur in two ways i.e. prakriti-sama-samveta and vikriti-vishama-samveta.  Prakriti-sama-samveta akin to  a sugar and salt solution in water where the tastes of sugar and salt remain intact and in such types of samsarga or sannipata of doshas, no specific description is given in the text but simply mentioned that mix features of involved doṣha will present.  

On the other hand, vikriti-vishama-samveta a combination of provoked doshas wherein new symptoms are produced that are  neither of any of the doshas involved. For example, red colour appears on mixing of white lime and yellow turmeric, and in such a case the specific symptoms produced by the combination are described. Here in 17th chapter, specific symptoms of 12 types of vikriti-vishama-samveta sannipata are given in detail, but symptoms of sama sannipata are not given as it is prakriti-sama-samveta (Verses 41-72).

On the other hand, vikriti-vishama-samveta a combination of provoked doshas wherein new symptoms are produced that are  neither of any of the doshas involved. For example, red colour appears on mixing of white lime and yellow turmeric, and in such a case the specific symptoms produced by the combination are described. Here in 17th chapter, specific symptoms of 12 types of vikriti-vishama-samveta sannipata are given in detail, but symptoms of sama sannipata are not given as it is prakriti-sama-samveta (Verses 41-72).