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Discussion with experts is of two types- friendly discussion and hostile discussion. [16]  

Discussion with experts is of two types- friendly discussion and hostile discussion. [16]  

==== Friendly discussion =====

==== Friendly discussion ====

 

तत्रज्ञानविज्ञानवचनप्रतिवचनशक्तिसम्पन्नेनाकोपनेनानुपस्कृतविद्येनानसूयकेनानुनेयेनानुनयकोविदेनक्लेशक्षमेणप्रियसम्भाषणेनचसहसन्धायसम्भाषाविधीयते| तथाविधेनसहकथयन्विस्रब्धःकथयेत्, पृच्छेदपिचविस्रब्धः, पृच्छतेचास्मैविस्रब्धायविशदमर्थंब्रूयात्, नचनिग्रहभयादुद्विजेत, निगृह्यचैनंनहृष्येत्, नचपरेषुविकत्थेत, नचमोहादेकान्तग्राहीस्यात्, नचाविदितमर्थमनुवर्णयेत्, सम्यक्चानुनयेनानुनयेत्, तत्रचावहितःस्यात्| इत्यनुलोमसम्भाषाविधिः||१७||  

तत्रज्ञानविज्ञानवचनप्रतिवचनशक्तिसम्पन्नेनाकोपनेनानुपस्कृतविद्येनानसूयकेनानुनेयेनानुनयकोविदेनक्लेशक्षमेणप्रियसम्भाषणेनचसहसन्धायसम्भाषाविधीयते| तथाविधेनसहकथयन्विस्रब्धःकथयेत्, पृच्छेदपिचविस्रब्धः, पृच्छतेचास्मैविस्रब्धायविशदमर्थंब्रूयात्, नचनिग्रहभयादुद्विजेत, निगृह्यचैनंनहृष्येत्, नचपरेषुविकत्थेत, नचमोहादेकान्तग्राहीस्यात्, नचाविदितमर्थमनुवर्णयेत्, सम्यक्चानुनयेनानुनयेत्, तत्रचावहितःस्यात्| इत्यनुलोमसम्भाषाविधिः||१७||  

tatra  

tatra  

jñānavijñānavacanaprativacanaśaktisampannēnākōpanēnānupaskr̥tavidyēnānasūyakēnānunēyēnānunayakōvidēna klēśakṣamēṇa priyasambhāṣaṇēna ca saha sandhāyasambhāṣā vidhīyatē| tathāvidhēna saha kathayan visrabdhaḥ kathayēt, pr̥cchēdapi ca visrabdhaḥ, pr̥cchatē cāsmai visrabdhāya viśadamarthaṁ brūyāt, na ca nigrahabhayādudvijēta, nigr̥hya cainaṁ na hr̥ṣyēt, na ca parēṣu vikatthēta, na ca mōhādēkāntagrāhī syāt, na cāviditamarthamanuvarṇayēt, samyak cānunayēnānunayēt, tatra cāvahitaḥ syāt| ityanulōmasambhāṣāvidhiḥ||17||  

jñānavijñānavacanaprativacanaśaktisampannēnākōpanēnānupaskr̥tavidyēnānasūyakēnānunēyēnānunayakōvidēna klēśakṣamēṇa priyasambhāṣaṇēna ca saha sandhāyasambhāṣā vidhīyatē| tathāvidhēna saha kathayan visrabdhaḥ kathayēt, pr̥cchēdapi ca visrabdhaḥ, pr̥cchatē cāsmai visrabdhāya viśadamarthaṁ brūyāt, na ca nigrahabhayādudvijēta, nigr̥hya cainaṁ na hr̥ṣyēt, na ca parēṣu vikatthēta, na ca mōhādēkāntagrāhī syāt, na cāviditamarthamanuvarṇayēt, samyak cānunayēnānunayēt, tatra cāvahitaḥ syāt| ityanulōmasambhāṣāvidhiḥ||17||  

tathAvidhena saha kathayan visrabdhaH kathayet, pRucchedapi ca visrabdhaH, pRucchate cAsmai visrabdhAyavishadamarthaM brUyAt, na ca nigrahabhayAdudvijeta, nigRuhya cainaM na hRuShyet, na ca pareShu vikattheta, na camohAdekAntagrAhI syAt, na cAviditamarthamanuvarNayet, samyak [1] cAnunayenAnunayet, tatra cAvahitaH syAt|  

tathAvidhena saha kathayan visrabdhaH kathayet, pRucchedapi ca visrabdhaH, pRucchate cAsmai visrabdhAyavishadamarthaM brUyAt, na ca nigrahabhayAdudvijeta, nigRuhya cainaM na hRuShyet, na ca pareShu vikattheta, na camohAdekAntagrAhI syAt, na cAviditamarthamanuvarNayet, samyak [1] cAnunayenAnunayet, tatra cAvahitaH syAt|  

ityanulomasambhAShAvidhiH||17||  

ityanulomasambhAShAvidhiH||17||  

The friendly discussion is held as follow:  

The friendly discussion is held as follow:  

• It is discussed with one who is endowed with general and specific knowledge of related topic, opinions and counter-opinions, powerful expressions, devoid of irritability, having uncensored knowledge, without jealously, able to be convinced and who can convince others, enduring and adept in art of sweet conversation.  

• It is discussed with one who is endowed with general and specific knowledge of related topic, opinions and counter-opinions, powerful expressions, devoid of irritability, having uncensored knowledge, without jealously, able to be convinced and who can convince others, enduring and adept in art of sweet conversation.  

• When discussion with such a person one should speak confidently, put question unhesitatingly, reply to the sincere questioner with elaborateness, not be agitated with fear of defeat, not be exhilarated on defeating the partner, not boast before others, not hold fastly his solitary view due to attachment, not explain what is unknown to him, convince the other party with politeness and be caution in that. This is the method of friendly discussion. [17]

• When discussion with such a person one should speak confidently, put question unhesitatingly, reply to the sincere questioner with elaborateness, not be agitated with fear of defeat, not be exhilarated on defeating the partner, not boast before others, not hold fastly his solitary view due to attachment, not explain what is unknown to him, convince the other party with politeness and be caution in that. This is the method of friendly discussion. [17]

Hostile discussion:

 

==== Hostile discussion ====

 

अतऊर्ध्वमितरेणसहविगृह्यसम्भाषायांजल्पेच्छ्रेयसायोगमात्मनःपश्यन्| प्रागेवचजल्पाज्जल्पान्तरंपरावरान्तरंपरिषद्विशेषांश्चसम्यक्परीक्षेत| सम्यक्परीक्षाहिबुद्धिमतांकार्यप्रवृत्तिनिवृत्तिकालौशंसति, तस्मात्परीक्षामभिप्रशंसन्तिकुशलाः| परीक्षमाणस्तुखलुपरावरान्तरमिमान्जल्पकगुणाञ्श्रेयस्करान्दोषवतश्चपरीक्षेतसम्यक्; तद्यथा- श्रुतंविज्ञानंधारणंप्रतिभानंवचनशक्तिरिति, एतान्गुणान्श्रेयस्करानाहुः; इमान्पुनर्दोषवतः, तद्यथा- कोपनत्वमवैशारद्यंभीरुत्वमधारणत्वमनवहितत्वमिति| एतान्गुणान्गुरुलाघवतःपरस्यचैवात्मनश्चतुलयेत्||१८||  

अतऊर्ध्वमितरेणसहविगृह्यसम्भाषायांजल्पेच्छ्रेयसायोगमात्मनःपश्यन्| प्रागेवचजल्पाज्जल्पान्तरंपरावरान्तरंपरिषद्विशेषांश्चसम्यक्परीक्षेत| सम्यक्परीक्षाहिबुद्धिमतांकार्यप्रवृत्तिनिवृत्तिकालौशंसति, तस्मात्परीक्षामभिप्रशंसन्तिकुशलाः| परीक्षमाणस्तुखलुपरावरान्तरमिमान्जल्पकगुणाञ्श्रेयस्करान्दोषवतश्चपरीक्षेतसम्यक्; तद्यथा- श्रुतंविज्ञानंधारणंप्रतिभानंवचनशक्तिरिति, एतान्गुणान्श्रेयस्करानाहुः; इमान्पुनर्दोषवतः, तद्यथा- कोपनत्वमवैशारद्यंभीरुत्वमधारणत्वमनवहितत्वमिति| एतान्गुणान्गुरुलाघवतःपरस्यचैवात्मनश्चतुलयेत्||१८||  

ata ūrdhvamitarēṇa saha vigr̥hya sambhāṣāyāṁ  jalpēcchrēyasā yōgamātmanaḥ paśyan| prāgēva ca jalpājjalpāntaraṁ parāvarāntaraṁ pariṣadviśēṣāṁśca samyak parīkṣēta| samyakparīkṣā hi buddhimatāṁ kāryapravr̥ttinivr̥ttikālau śaṁsati, tasmāt parīkṣāmabhipraśaṁsanti kuśalāḥ| parīkṣamāṇastu khalu parāvarāntaramimān jalpakaguṇāñ śrēyaskarāndōṣavataśca parīkṣēta samyak; tadyathā- śrutaṁ vijñānaṁ dhāraṇaṁ pratibhānaṁ vacanaśaktiriti, ētān guṇān śrēyaskarānāhuḥ; imān punardōṣavataḥ, tadyathā- kōpanatvamavaiśāradyaṁ bhīrutvamadhāraṇatvamanavahitatvamiti| ētān guṇān gurulāghavataḥ parasya caivātmanaśca tulayēt||18||  

ata ūrdhvamitarēṇa saha vigr̥hya sambhāṣāyāṁ  jalpēcchrēyasā yōgamātmanaḥ paśyan| prāgēva ca jalpājjalpāntaraṁ parāvarāntaraṁ pariṣadviśēṣāṁśca samyak parīkṣēta| samyakparīkṣā hi buddhimatāṁ kāryapravr̥ttinivr̥ttikālau śaṁsati, tasmāt parīkṣāmabhipraśaṁsanti kuśalāḥ| parīkṣamāṇastu khalu parāvarāntaramimān jalpakaguṇāñ śrēyaskarāndōṣavataśca parīkṣēta samyak; tadyathā- śrutaṁ vijñānaṁ dhāraṇaṁ pratibhānaṁ vacanaśaktiriti, ētān guṇān śrēyaskarānāhuḥ; imān punardōṣavataḥ, tadyathā- kōpanatvamavaiśāradyaṁ bhīrutvamadhāraṇatvamanavahitatvamiti| ētān guṇān gurulāghavataḥ parasya caivātmanaśca tulayēt||18||  

ata UrdhvamitareNa saha vigRuhya sambhAShAyAM [1] jalpecchreyasA yogamAtmanaH pashyan|  

ata UrdhvamitareNa saha vigRuhya sambhAShAyAM [1] jalpecchreyasA yogamAtmanaH pashyan|  

prAgeva ca jalpAjjalpAntaraM [2] parAvarAntaraM pariShadvisheShAMshca samyak parIkSheta|  

prAgeva ca jalpAjjalpAntaraM [2] parAvarAntaraM pariShadvisheShAMshca samyak parIkSheta|  

parIkShamANastu khalu parAvarAntaramimAn jalpakaguNA~j shreyaskarAndoShavatashca parIkShetasamyak; tadyathA- shrutaM vij~jAnaM dhAraNaM pratibhAnaM vacanashaktiriti, etAn guNAnshreyaskarAnAhuH; imAn punardoShavataH, tadyathA- kopanatvamavaishAradyaMbhIrutvamadhAraNatvamanavahitatvamiti|  

parIkShamANastu khalu parAvarAntaramimAn jalpakaguNA~j shreyaskarAndoShavatashca parIkShetasamyak; tadyathA- shrutaM vij~jAnaM dhAraNaM pratibhAnaM vacanashaktiriti, etAn guNAnshreyaskarAnAhuH; imAn punardoShavataH, tadyathA- kopanatvamavaishAradyaMbhIrutvamadhAraNatvamanavahitatvamiti|  

etAn guNAn gurulAghavataH parasya caivAtmanashca tulayet||18||  

etAn guNAn gurulAghavataH parasya caivAtmanashca tulayet||18||  

Further one should take part in hostile discussion with others after understansing the self benefit. Before arguing, he should examine properly the difference of opinion with opponent, superiority or inferiority of opponent, and the nature of the participants in the discussion. This proper examination guides the wise about the initiation and cessation of discussion, hence the experts recomend the examination.  

Further one should take part in hostile discussion with others after understansing the self benefit. Before arguing, he should examine properly the difference of opinion with opponent, superiority or inferiority of opponent, and the nature of the participants in the discussion. This proper examination guides the wise about the initiation and cessation of discussion, hence the experts recomend the examination.  

While examining the difference, between him and the opponent, one should also examine the merits and demerits of the speaker properly – merits such as scriptural knowledge, understanding, retention, imagination and eloquence and demerits such as irritability, lack of skill, cowardice, lack of retention and carelessness. One should compare himself and the opponent in superiority- inferiority with respect to these qualities.[18]

While examining the difference, between him and the opponent, one should also examine the merits and demerits of the speaker properly – merits such as scriptural knowledge, understanding, retention, imagination and eloquence and demerits such as irritability, lack of skill, cowardice, lack of retention and carelessness. One should compare himself and the opponent in superiority- inferiority with respect to these qualities.[18]

Three categories of opponent:

 

==== Three categories of opponent ====

 

तत्रत्रिविधःपरःसम्पद्यते- प्रवरः, प्रत्यवरः, समोवा, गुणविनिक्षेपतः; नत्वेवकार्त्स्न्येन||१९||  

तत्रत्रिविधःपरःसम्पद्यते- प्रवरः, प्रत्यवरः, समोवा, गुणविनिक्षेपतः; नत्वेवकार्त्स्न्येन||१९||  

tatra trividhaḥ paraḥ sampadyatē- pravaraḥ, pratyavaraḥ, samō vā,guṇavinikṣēpataḥ; natvēva kārtsnyēna||19||  

tatra trividhaḥ paraḥ sampadyatē- pravaraḥ, pratyavaraḥ, samō vā,guṇavinikṣēpataḥ; natvēva kārtsnyēna||19||  

tatra trividhaH paraH sampadyate- pravaraH, pratyavaraH, samo vA, guNavinikShepataH; natvevakArtsnyena||19||  

 

tatra trividhaH paraH sampadyate- pravaraH, pratyavaraH, samo vA, guNavinikShepataH; natvevakArtsnyena||19||

The opponent may be of three types – superior, inferior or equal, according to the above mentioned qualities for discussion and not all aspects .[19]

The opponent may be of three types – superior, inferior or equal, according to the above mentioned qualities for discussion and not all aspects .[19]

Types of assembly:

 

==== Types of assembly ====

 

परिषत्तुखलुद्विविधा- ज्ञानवती, मूढपरिषच्च| सैवद्विविधासतीत्रिविधापुनरनेनकारणविभागेन- सुहृत्परिषत्, उदासीनपरिषत्, प्रतिनिविष्टपरिषच्चेति | तत्रप्रतिनिविष्टायांपरिषदिज्ञानविज्ञानवचनप्रतिवचनशक्तिसम्पन्नायांमूढायांवानकथंचित्केनचित्सहजल्पोविधीयते; मूढायांतुसुहृत्परिषद्युदासीनायांवाज्ञानविज्ञानवचनप्रतिवचनशक्तीरन्तरेणाप्यदीप्तयशसा

परिषत्तुखलुद्विविधा- ज्ञानवती, मूढपरिषच्च| सैवद्विविधासतीत्रिविधापुनरनेनकारणविभागेन- सुहृत्परिषत्, उदासीनपरिषत्, प्रतिनिविष्टपरिषच्चेति | तत्रप्रतिनिविष्टायांपरिषदिज्ञानविज्ञानवचनप्रतिवचनशक्तिसम्पन्नायांमूढायांवानकथंचित्केनचित्सहजल्पोविधीयते; मूढायांतुसुहृत्परिषद्युदासीनायांवाज्ञानविज्ञानवचनप्रतिवचनशक्तीरन्तरेणाप्यदीप्तयशसा

महाजनविद्विष्टेनापिसहजल्पोविधीयते| तद्विधेनचसहकथयताआविद्धदीर्घसूत्रसङ्कुलैर्वाक्यदण्डकैःकथयितव्यम्, अतिहृष्टंमुहुर्मुहुरुपहसतापरंनिरूपयताचपर्षदमाकारैर्ब्रुवतश्चास्यवाक्यावकाशोनदेयः; कष्टशब्दंचब्रुवतावक्तव्योनोच्यते, अथवापुनर्हीनातेप्रतिज्ञा, इति| पुनश्चाहू(ह्व)यमानःप्रतिवक्तव्यः- परिसंवत्सरोभवान्शिक्षस्वतावत्; नत्वयागुरुरुपासितोनूनम्, अथवापर्याप्तमेतावत्ते; सकृदपिहिपरिक्षेपिकंनिहतंनिहतमाहुरितिनास्ययोगःकर्तव्यःकथञ्चित्| अप्येवंश्रेयसासहविगृह्यवक्तव्यमित्याहुरेके; नत्वेवंज्यायसासहविग्रहंप्रशंसन्तिकुशलाः||२०||  

महाजनविद्विष्टेनापिसहजल्पोविधीयते| तद्विधेनचसहकथयताआविद्धदीर्घसूत्रसङ्कुलैर्वाक्यदण्डकैःकथयितव्यम्, अतिहृष्टंमुहुर्मुहुरुपहसतापरंनिरूपयताचपर्षदमाकारैर्ब्रुवतश्चास्यवाक्यावकाशोनदेयः; कष्टशब्दंचब्रुवतावक्तव्योनोच्यते, अथवापुनर्हीनातेप्रतिज्ञा, इति| पुनश्चाहू(ह्व)यमानःप्रतिवक्तव्यः- परिसंवत्सरोभवान्शिक्षस्वतावत्; नत्वयागुरुरुपासितोनूनम्, अथवापर्याप्तमेतावत्ते; सकृदपिहिपरिक्षेपिकंनिहतंनिहतमाहुरितिनास्ययोगःकर्तव्यःकथञ्चित्| अप्येवंश्रेयसासहविगृह्यवक्तव्यमित्याहुरेके; नत्वेवंज्यायसासहविग्रहंप्रशंसन्तिकुशलाः||२०||  

pariṣattu khalu dvividhā- jñānavatī, mūḍhapariṣacca| saiva dvividhā satī trividhā punaranēna kāraṇavibhāgēna- suhr̥tpariṣat, udāsīnapariṣat, pratiniviṣṭapariṣaccēti  | tatra pratiniviṣṭāyāṁ pariṣadi jñānavijñānavacanaprativacanaśaktisampannāyāṁ mūḍhāyāṁ vā na kathaṁ cit kēnacit saha jalpō vidhīyatē; mūḍhāyāṁ tu suhr̥tpariṣadyudāsīnāyāṁ vā jñānavijñānavacanaprativacanaśaktīrantarēṇāpyadīptayaśasā mahājanavidviṣṭēnāpi saha jalpō vidhīyatē| tadvidhēna ca saha kathayatā āviddhadīrghasūtrasaṅkulairvākyadaṇḍakaiḥ kathayitavyam, atihr̥ṣṭaṁ muhurmuhurupahasatā paraṁ nirūpayatā ca parṣadamākārairbruvataścāsya vākyāvakāśō na dēyaḥ; kaṣṭaśabdaṁ ca bruvatā  vaktavyō nōcyatē, athavā punarhīnā tē pratijñā, iti| punaścāhū(hva)yamānaḥ prativaktavyaḥ- parisaṁvatsarō  bhavān śikṣasva tāvat; na tvayā gururupāsitō nūnam, athavā paryāptamētāvattē; sakr̥dapi hi parikṣēpikaṁ nihataṁ nihatamāhuriti nāsya yōgaḥ kartavyaḥ kathañcit| apyēvaṁ śrēyasā saha vigr̥hya vaktavyamityāhurēkē; natvēvaṁ jyāyasā saha vigrahaṁ praśaṁsanti kuśalāḥ||20||  

pariṣattu khalu dvividhā- jñānavatī, mūḍhapariṣacca| saiva dvividhā satī trividhā punaranēna kāraṇavibhāgēna- suhr̥tpariṣat, udāsīnapariṣat, pratiniviṣṭapariṣaccēti  | tatra pratiniviṣṭāyāṁ pariṣadi jñānavijñānavacanaprativacanaśaktisampannāyāṁ mūḍhāyāṁ vā na kathaṁ cit kēnacit saha jalpō vidhīyatē; mūḍhāyāṁ tu suhr̥tpariṣadyudāsīnāyāṁ vā jñānavijñānavacanaprativacanaśaktīrantarēṇāpyadīptayaśasā mahājanavidviṣṭēnāpi saha jalpō vidhīyatē| tadvidhēna ca saha kathayatā āviddhadīrghasūtrasaṅkulairvākyadaṇḍakaiḥ kathayitavyam, atihr̥ṣṭaṁ muhurmuhurupahasatā paraṁ nirūpayatā ca parṣadamākārairbruvataścāsya vākyāvakāśō na dēyaḥ; kaṣṭaśabdaṁ ca bruvatā  vaktavyō nōcyatē, athavā punarhīnā tē pratijñā, iti| punaścāhū(hva)yamānaḥ prativaktavyaḥ- parisaṁvatsarō  bhavān śikṣasva tāvat; na tvayā gururupāsitō nūnam, athavā paryāptamētāvattē; sakr̥dapi hi parikṣēpikaṁ nihataṁ nihatamāhuriti nāsya yōgaḥ kartavyaḥ kathañcit| apyēvaṁ śrēyasā saha vigr̥hya vaktavyamityāhurēkē; natvēvaṁ jyāyasā saha vigrahaṁ praśaṁsanti kuśalāḥ||20||  

pariShattu khalu dvividhA- j~jAnavatI, mUDhapariShacca|  

pariShattu khalu dvividhA- j~jAnavatI, mUDhapariShacca|  

saiva dvividhA satI trividhA punaranena kAraNavibhAgena- suhRutpariShat, udAsInapariShat,pratiniviShTapariShacceti [1] |  

saiva dvividhA satI trividhA punaranena kAraNavibhAgena- suhRutpariShat, udAsInapariShat,pratiniviShTapariShacceti [1] |  

punashcAhU(hva)yamAnaH prativaktavyaH- parisaMvatsaro [4] bhavAn shikShasva tAvat; na tvayAgururupAsito nUnam, athavA paryAptametAvatte; sakRudapi hi parikShepikaM nihataM nihatamAhuritinAsya yogaH kartavyaH katha~jcit|  

punashcAhU(hva)yamAnaH prativaktavyaH- parisaMvatsaro [4] bhavAn shikShasva tAvat; na tvayAgururupAsito nUnam, athavA paryAptametAvatte; sakRudapi hi parikShepikaM nihataM nihatamAhuritinAsya yogaH kartavyaH katha~jcit|  

apyevaM shreyasA saha vigRuhya vaktavyamityAhureke; natvevaM jyAyasA saha vigrahaM prashaMsantikushalAH||20||  

apyevaM shreyasA saha vigRuhya vaktavyamityAhureke; natvevaM jyAyasA saha vigrahaM prashaMsantikushalAH||20||  

Assembly may also be of two types - learned and ignorant. Again from the other point of view, it is of three types – friendly, neutral and prejudiced.  

Assembly may also be of two types - learned and ignorant. Again from the other point of view, it is of three types – friendly, neutral and prejudiced.  

One should not disucss anything, or anything cannot be discussed in the the assembly of learned prejudiced persons endowed with general and specific knowledge, powerful expressions,discussion techniques and assembly of ignorant prejudiced persons.  

One should not disucss anything, or anything cannot be discussed in the the assembly of learned prejudiced persons endowed with general and specific knowledge, powerful expressions,discussion techniques and assembly of ignorant prejudiced persons.  

प्रत्यवरेणतुसहसमानाभिमतेनवाविगृह्यजल्पतासुहृत्परिषदिकथयितव्यम्,अथवाऽप्युदासीनपरिषद्यवधानश्रवणज्ञानविज्ञानोपधारणवचनप्रतिवचनशक्तिसम्पन्नायांकथयताचावहितेनपरस्यसाद्गुण्यदोषबलमवेक्षितव्यं, समवेक्ष्यचयत्रैनंश्रेष्ठंमन्येतनास्यतत्रजल्पंयोजयेदनाविष्कृतमयोगंकुर्वन्; यत्रत्वेनमवरंमन्येततत्रैवैनमाशुनिगृह्णीयात्| तत्रखल्विमेप्रत्यवराणामाशुनिग्रहेभवन्त्युपायाः; तद्यथा- श्रुतहीनंमहतासूत्रपाठेनाभिभवेत्, विज्ञानहीनंपुनःकष्टशब्देनवाक्येन, वाक्यधारणाहीनमाविद्धदीर्घसूत्रसङ्कुलैर्वाक्यदण्डकैः, प्रतिभाहीनंपुनर्वचनेनैकविधेनानेकार्थवाचिना  , वचनशक्तिहीनमर्धोक्तस्यवाक्यस्याक्षेपेणअविशारदमपत्रपणेन, कोपनमायासनेन, भीरुंवित्रासनेन, अनवहितंनियमनेनेति| एवमेतैरुपायैःपरमवरमभिभवेच्छीघ्रम्||२१||  

प्रत्यवरेणतुसहसमानाभिमतेनवाविगृह्यजल्पतासुहृत्परिषदिकथयितव्यम्,अथवाऽप्युदासीनपरिषद्यवधानश्रवणज्ञानविज्ञानोपधारणवचनप्रतिवचनशक्तिसम्पन्नायांकथयताचावहितेनपरस्यसाद्गुण्यदोषबलमवेक्षितव्यं, समवेक्ष्यचयत्रैनंश्रेष्ठंमन्येतनास्यतत्रजल्पंयोजयेदनाविष्कृतमयोगंकुर्वन्; यत्रत्वेनमवरंमन्येततत्रैवैनमाशुनिगृह्णीयात्| तत्रखल्विमेप्रत्यवराणामाशुनिग्रहेभवन्त्युपायाः; तद्यथा- श्रुतहीनंमहतासूत्रपाठेनाभिभवेत्, विज्ञानहीनंपुनःकष्टशब्देनवाक्येन, वाक्यधारणाहीनमाविद्धदीर्घसूत्रसङ्कुलैर्वाक्यदण्डकैः, प्रतिभाहीनंपुनर्वचनेनैकविधेनानेकार्थवाचिना  , वचनशक्तिहीनमर्धोक्तस्यवाक्यस्याक्षेपेणअविशारदमपत्रपणेन, कोपनमायासनेन, भीरुंवित्रासनेन, अनवहितंनियमनेनेति| एवमेतैरुपायैःपरमवरमभिभवेच्छीघ्रम्||२१||  

pratyavarēṇa tu saha samānābhimatēna vā vigr̥hya jalpatā suhr̥tpariṣadikathayitavyam,athavā'pyudāsīnapariṣadyavadhānaśravaṇajñānavijñānōpadhāraṇavacanaprativacanaśaktisampannāyāṁ kathayatā cāvahitēna parasya sādguṇyadōṣabalamavēkṣitavyaṁ, samavēkṣya ca yatrainaṁ śrēṣṭhaṁ manyēta nāsya tatra jalpaṁ yōjayēdanāviṣkr̥tamayōgaṁ kurvan; yatra tvēnamavaraṁ manyēta tatraivainamāśu nigr̥hṇīyāt| tatra khalvimē pratyavarāṇāmāśu nigrahē bhavantyupāyāḥ; tadyathā- śrutahīnaṁ mahatā sūtrapāṭhēnābhibhavēt, vijñānahīnaṁ punaḥ kaṣṭaśabdēna vākyēna, vākyadhāraṇāhīnamāviddhadīrghasūtrasaṅkulairvākyadaṇḍakaiḥ, pratibhāhīnaṁ punarvacanēnaikavidhēnānēkārthavācinā, vacanaśaktihīnamardhōktasya vākyasyākṣēpēṇa, aviśāradamapatrapaṇēna, kōpanamāyāsanēna, bhīruṁ vitrāsanēna, anavahitaṁ niyamanēnēti| ēvamētairupāyaiḥ paramavaramabhibhavēcchīghram||21||  

pratyavarēṇa tu saha samānābhimatēna vā vigr̥hya jalpatā suhr̥tpariṣadikathayitavyam,athavā'pyudāsīnapariṣadyavadhānaśravaṇajñānavijñānōpadhāraṇavacanaprativacanaśaktisampannāyāṁ kathayatā cāvahitēna parasya sādguṇyadōṣabalamavēkṣitavyaṁ, samavēkṣya ca yatrainaṁ śrēṣṭhaṁ manyēta nāsya tatra jalpaṁ yōjayēdanāviṣkr̥tamayōgaṁ kurvan; yatra tvēnamavaraṁ manyēta tatraivainamāśu nigr̥hṇīyāt| tatra khalvimē pratyavarāṇāmāśu nigrahē bhavantyupāyāḥ; tadyathā- śrutahīnaṁ mahatā sūtrapāṭhēnābhibhavēt, vijñānahīnaṁ punaḥ kaṣṭaśabdēna vākyēna, vākyadhāraṇāhīnamāviddhadīrghasūtrasaṅkulairvākyadaṇḍakaiḥ, pratibhāhīnaṁ punarvacanēnaikavidhēnānēkārthavācinā, vacanaśaktihīnamardhōktasya vākyasyākṣēpēṇa, aviśāradamapatrapaṇēna, kōpanamāyāsanēna, bhīruṁ vitrāsanēna, anavahitaṁ niyamanēnēti| ēvamētairupāyaiḥ paramavaramabhibhavēcchīghram||21||  

pratyavareNa tu saha samAnAbhimatena vA vigRuhya jalpatA suhRutpariShadi kathayitavyam,athavA~apyudAsInapariShadyavadhAnashravaNaj~jAnavij~jAnopadhAraNavacanaprativacanashaktisampannAyAMkathayatA cAvahitena parasya sAdguNyadoShabalamavekShitavyaM, samavekShya ca yatrainaM shreShThaMmanyeta nAsya tatra jalpaM yojayedanAviShkRutamayogaM kurvan; yatra tvenamavaraM manyetatatraivainamAshu nigRuhNIyAt|  

pratyavareNa tu saha samAnAbhimatena vA vigRuhya jalpatA suhRutpariShadi kathayitavyam,athavA~apyudAsInapariShadyavadhAnashravaNaj~jAnavij~jAnopadhAraNavacanaprativacanashaktisampannAyAMkathayatA cAvahitena parasya sAdguNyadoShabalamavekShitavyaM, samavekShya ca yatrainaM shreShThaMmanyeta nAsya tatra jalpaM yojayedanAviShkRutamayogaM kurvan; yatra tvenamavaraM manyetatatraivainamAshu nigRuhNIyAt|  

tatra khalvime pratyavarANAmAshu nigrahe bhavantyupAyAH; tadyathA- shrutahInaM mahatAsUtrapAThenAbhibhavet, vij~jAnahInaM punaH kaShTashabdena vAkyena,vAkyadhAraNAhInamAviddhadIrghasUtrasa~gkulairvAkyadaNDakaiH, pratibhAhInaMpunarvacanenaikavidhenAnekArthavAcinA [1] , vacanashaktihInamardhoktasya vAkyasyAkShepeNa [2] ,avishAradamapatrapaNena, kopanamAyAsanena, bhIruM vitrAsanena, anavahitaM niyamaneneti|  

tatra khalvime pratyavarANAmAshu nigrahe bhavantyupAyAH; tadyathA- shrutahInaM mahatAsUtrapAThenAbhibhavet, vij~jAnahInaM punaH kaShTashabdena vAkyena,vAkyadhAraNAhInamAviddhadIrghasUtrasa~gkulairvAkyadaNDakaiH, pratibhAhInaMpunarvacanenaikavidhenAnekArthavAcinA [1] , vacanashaktihInamardhoktasya vAkyasyAkShepeNa [2] ,avishAradamapatrapaNena, kopanamAyAsanena, bhIruM vitrAsanena, anavahitaM niyamaneneti|  

evametairupAyaiH paramavaramabhibhavecchIghram||21||  

evametairupAyaiH paramavaramabhibhavecchIghram||21||  

In a learned friendly or ignorant friendly assembly, one should initiate hostile discussion with an inferior or equal opponent.  

In a learned friendly or ignorant friendly assembly, one should initiate hostile discussion with an inferior or equal opponent.  

Or in a friendly neutral assembly having persons with attentive listening, learning, understanding abilities, power of discussion one should initiate discussion after carefully examining the strength and weakness of the opponent. If opponent is stronger then one should not continue discussion giving it up without any apparent sign; but where the opponent is weak he should be subdued immediately.  

Or in a friendly neutral assembly having persons with attentive listening, learning, understanding abilities, power of discussion one should initiate discussion after carefully examining the strength and weakness of the opponent. If opponent is stronger then one should not continue discussion giving it up without any apparent sign; but where the opponent is weak he should be subdued immediately.  

one devoid of carefulness should be defeated by imposing discipline.  

one devoid of carefulness should be defeated by imposing discipline.  

Thus by these means one should subdue the inferior opponent immediately. [21]

Thus by these means one should subdue the inferior opponent immediately. [21]

Summary of discussion techniques:

 

==== Summary of discussion technique ====

 

तत्रश्लोकौ- विगृह्यकथयेद्युक्त्यायुक्तंचननिवारयेत्| विगृह्यभाषातीव्रंहिकेषाञ्चिद्द्रोहमावहेत्||२२||

तत्रश्लोकौ- विगृह्यकथयेद्युक्त्यायुक्तंचननिवारयेत्| विगृह्यभाषातीव्रंहिकेषाञ्चिद्द्रोहमावहेत्||२२||

नाकार्यमस्तिक्रुद्धस्यनावाच्यमपिविद्यते| कुशलानाभिनन्दन्तिकलहंसमितौसताम्||२३||

नाकार्यमस्तिक्रुद्धस्यनावाच्यमपिविद्यते| कुशलानाभिनन्दन्तिकलहंसमितौसताम्||२३||