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Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana (view source)

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tamupasr̥tyārirādhayiṣurupacarēdagnivacca dēvavacca rājavacca pitr̥vacca bhartr̥vaccāpramattaḥ| tatastatprasādāt kr̥tsnaṁ śāstramadhigamya śāstrasya dr̥ḍhatāyāmabhidhānasya sauṣṭhavē'rthasya vijñānē vacanaśaktau ca bhūyō bhūyaḥ prayatēta samyak||5||

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tamupasRutyArirAdhayiShurupacaredagnivacca devavacca rAjavacca pitRuvacca bhartRuvaccApramattaH|

tatastatprasAdAt kRutsnaM shAstramadhigamya shAstrasya dRuDhatAyAmabhidhAnasyasauShThave~arthasya vij~jAne vacanashaktau ca bhUyo bhUyaH prayateta samyak||5||

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The student desirous of learning from such an ideal preceptor, should sincerely follow him as like worshipping fire, god, king, father and guardian. Subsequently after satisfactorily gaining knowledge of whole medical treatise, the student should always continually attempt to improve further depth of knowledge, understand the (hidden) precise meanings, gain more scientific knowledge, express it impressively with comprehension of ideas and power of speaking. [5]

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तत्रोपायाननुव्याख्यास्यामः-

अध्ययनम्,अध्यापनं,तद्विद्यसम्भाषाचेत्युपायाः||६||

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tatrōpāyānanuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ- adhyayanam, adhyāpanaṁ, tadvidyasambhāṣā cētyupāyāḥ||6||

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tatropAyAnanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH- adhyayanam, adhyApanaM, tadvidyasambhAShA cetyupAyAH||6||

The means for enhancing depth of knowledge are- study, teaching and discussion with authorities. [6]

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Method of study:

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==== Method of study ====

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तत्रायमध्ययनविधिः-कल्यःकृतक्षणःप्रातरुत्थायोपव्यूषंवाकृत्वाऽऽवश्यकमुपस्पृश्योदकंदेवर्षिगोब्राह्मणगुरुवृद्धसिद्धाचार्येभ्यो

नमस्कृत्यसमेशुचौदेशेसुखोपविष्टोमनःपुरःसराभिर्वाग्भिःसूत्रमनुक्रामन्

पुनःपुनरावर्तयेद्बुद्ध्वासम्यगनुप्रविश्यार्थतत्त्वंस्वदोषपरिहारार्थं

परदोषप्रमाणार्थंच;एवंमध्यन्दिनेऽपराह्णेरात्रौचशश्वदपरिहापयन्नध्ययनमभ्यस्येत्|इत्यध्ययनविधिः||७||

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tatrāyamadhyayanavidhiḥ- kalyaḥ kr̥takṣaṇaḥ prātarutthāyōpavyūṣaṁ vā kr̥tvā''vaśyakamupaspr̥śyōdakaṁ dēvarṣigōbrāhmaṇaguruvr̥ddhasiddhācāryēbhyō namaskr̥tya samē śucau dēśē sukhōpaviṣṭō manaḥpuraḥsarābhirvāgbhiḥsūtramanukrāman punaḥ punarāvartayēd buddhvā samyaganupraviśyārthatattvaṁ svadōṣaparihārārthaṁ paradōṣapramāṇārthaṁ ca; ēvaṁ madhyandinē'parāhṇē rātrau ca śaśvadaparihāpayannadhyayanamabhyasyēt| ityadhyayanavidhiḥ||7||

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tatrAyamadhyayanavidhiH- kalyaH kRutakShaNaH prAtarutthAyopavyUShaM vAkRutvA~a~avashyakamupaspRushyodakaM devarShigobrAhmaNaguruvRuddhasiddhAcAryebhyonamaskRutya same shucau deshe sukhopaviShTo manaHpuraHsarAbhirvAgbhiHsUtramanukrAman punaHpunarAvartayed buddhvA [1] samyaganupravishyArthatattvaM svadoShaparihArArthaMparadoShapramANArthaM ca; evaM madhyandine~aparAhNe rAtrau cashashvadaparihApayannadhyayanamabhyasyet|

ityadhyayanavidhiH||7||

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Following is the method of study:

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==== Following is the method of study ====

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One desirous of study with a calm mind and at a proper time, should get up early in the morning. After passing the natural urges and cleaning body (as per daily schedule), should do the spiritual rituals like sprinkling water, worshiping gods, sages, cow, brahmana, preceptors, elders, accomplished persons and the teacher. Then sitting comfortably on even and clean ground should present the aphorisms in order as learnt from teacher with clear voice attentively repeating it over and over. At the same time, he should think about the meaning and priniciple to get rid off his own defects and to know others' defects. In this way, he should procede the study without squandering time in midday, afternoon, and night. This is the method of study. [7]

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Characteristics of ideal student and method of teaching:

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==== Characteristics of ideal student and method of teaching ====

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अथाध्यापनविधिः-अध्यापनेकृतबुद्धिराचार्यःशिष्यमेवादितः

परीक्षेत;तद्यथा-प्रशान्तमार्यप्रकृतिकमक्षुद्रकर्माणमृजुचक्षुर्मुखनासावंशं

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शीलशौचाचारानुरागदाक्ष्यप्रादक्षिण्योपपन्नमध्ययनाभिकाममर्थविज्ञाने

कर्मदर्शनेचानन्यकार्यमलुब्धमनलसंसर्वभूतहितैषिणमाचार्यसर्वानुशिष्टिप्रतिकरमनुरक्तंच,एवङ्गुणसमुदितमध्याप्यमाहुः||८||

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athādhyāpanavidhiḥ- adhyāpanē kr̥tabuddhirācāryaḥ śiṣyamēvāditaḥ parīkṣēta; tadyathā- praśāntamāryaprakr̥tikamakṣudrakarmāṇamr̥jucakṣurmukhanāsāvaṁśaṁ tanuraktaviśadajihvamavikr̥tadantauṣṭhamaminminaṁ dhr̥timantamanahaṅkr̥taṁ mēdhāvinaṁ vitarkasmr̥tisampannamudārasattvaṁ tadvidyakulajamathavā tadvidyavr̥ttaṁ tattvābhinivēśinamavyaṅgamavyāpannēndriyaṁ nibhr̥tamanuddhatamarthatattvabhāvakamakōpanamavyasaninaṁ śīlaśaucācārānurāgadākṣyaprādakṣiṇyōpapannamadhyayanābhikāmamarthavijñānē karmadarśanē cānanyakāryamalubdhamanalasaṁ sarvabhūtahitaiṣiṇamācāryasarvānuśiṣṭipratikaramanuraktaṁ ca, ēvaṅguṇasamuditamadhyāpyamāhuḥ||8||

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athAdhyApanavidhiH- adhyApane kRutabuddhirAcAryaH shiShyamevAditaH parIkSheta; tadyathA-prashAntamAryaprakRutikamakShudrakarmANamRujucakShurmukhanAsAvaMshaMtanuraktavishadajihvamavikRutadantauShThamaminminaM dhRutimantamanaha~gkRutaM medhAvinaMvitarkasmRutisampannamudArasattvaM tadvidyakulajamathavA tadvidyavRuttaMtattvAbhiniveshinamavya~ggamavyApannendriyaMnibhRutamanuddhatamarthatattvabhAvakamakopanamavyasaninaM [1]shIlashaucAcArAnurAgadAkShyaprAdakShiNyopapannamadhyayanAbhikAmamarthavij~jAnekarmadarshane cAnanyakAryamalubdhamanalasaMsarvabhUtahitaiShiNamAcAryasarvAnushiShTipratikaramanuraktaM [2] ca,eva~gguNasamuditamadhyApyamAhuH||8||

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Now following is the method of teaching: The teacher, having decided to teach should, first of all examine the ideal disciple with following characteristics

• He should be very calm, with superior qualities,

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• having no greed or idleness, empathetic to all creatures,

• following all the instructions of the teacher and being attached to his teacher.[8]

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Commencement of academic session/teaching:

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==== Commencement of academic session/teaching ====

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एवंविधमध्ययनार्थिनमुपस्थितमारिराधयिषुमाचार्योऽनुभाषेत

उदगयनेशुक्लपक्षेप्रशस्तेऽहनितिष्यहस्तश्रवणाश्वयुजामन्यतमेन

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कुशलाजसर्षपाक्षतांश्चशुक्लानि

सुमनांसिग्रथिताग्रथितानिमेध्यान्भक्ष्यान्गन्धांश्चघृष्टानादायोपतिष्ठस्वेति||९||

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ēvaṁvidhamadhyayanārthinamupasthitamārirādhayiṣumācāryō'nubhāṣēta - udagayanē śuklapakṣē praśastē'hani tiṣyahastaśravaṇāśvayujāmanyatamēna nakṣatrēṇa yōgamupagatē bhagavati śaśini kalyāṇē kalyāṇē ca karaṇē maitrē muhūrtē muṇḍaḥ kr̥tōpavāsaḥ snātaḥ kāṣāyavastrasaṁvītaḥ sagandhahastaḥ samidhō'gnimājyamupalēpanamudakumbhān mālyadāmadīpahiraṇyahēmarajatamaṇimuktāvidrumakṣaumaparidhīn kuśalājasarṣapākṣatāṁśca śuklāni sumanāṁsi grathitāgrathitāni mēdhyān bhakṣyān gandhāṁśca ghr̥ṣṭānādāyōpatiṣṭhasvēti||9||

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evaMvidhamadhyayanArthinamupasthitamArirAdhayiShumAcAryo~anubhASheta [1] - udagayaneshuklapakShe prashaste~ahani tiShyahastashravaNAshvayujAmanyatamena nakShatreNa yogamupagatebhagavati shashini kalyANe kalyANe ca karaNe maitre muhUrte muNDaH kRutopavAsaH snAtaHkAShAyavastrasaMvItaH sagandhahastaH samidho~agnimAjyamupalepanamudakumbhAnmAlyadAmadIpahiraNyahemarajatamaNimuktAvidrumakShaumaparidhIn kushalAjasarShapAkShatAMshcashuklAni sumanAMsi grathitAgrathitAni medhyAn bhakShyAn gandhAMshcaghRuShTAnAdAyopatiShThasveti||9||

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सतथाकुर्यात्||१०||

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sa tathā kuryāt||10||

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sa [2] tathA kuryAt||10||

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The student should follow instructions of preceptor. [10]

तमुपस्थितमाज्ञाय

समेशुचौदेशेप्राक्प्रवणेउदक्प्रवणेवाचतुष्किष्कुमात्रंचतुरस्रंस्थण्डिलंगोमयोदकेनोपलिप्तंकुशास्तीर्णंसुपरिहितं परिधिभिश्चतुर्दिशंयथोक्तचन्दनोदकुम्भक्षौमहेमहिरण्यरजतमणिमुक्ताविद्रुमालङ्कृतंमेध्यभक्ष्यगन्धशुक्लपुष्पलाजसर्षपाक्षतोपशोभितंकृत्वा,तत्रपालाशीभिरैङ्गुदीभिरौदुम्बरीभिर्माधुकीभिर्वासमिद्भिरग्निमुपसमाधायप्राङ्मुखःशुचिरध्ययनविधिमनुविधायमधुसर्पिर्भ्यांत्रिस्त्रिर्जुहुयादग्निमाशीःसम्प्रयुक्तैर्मन्त्रैर्ब्रह्माणमग्निंधन्वन्तरिंप्रजापतिमश्विनाविन्द्रमृषींश्चसूत्रकारानभिमन्त्रयमाणःपूर्वंस्वाहेति||११||

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tamupasthitamājñāya samē śucau dēśē prākpravaṇē udakpravaṇē vā catuṣkiṣkumātraṁ caturasraṁ sthaṇḍilaṁ gōmayōdakēnōpaliptaṁ kuśāstīrṇaṁ suparihitaṁ paridhibhiścaturdiśaṁ yathōktacandanōdakumbhakṣaumahēmahiraṇyarajatamaṇimuktāvidrumālaṅkr̥taṁ mēdhyabhakṣyagandhaśuklapuṣpalājasarṣapākṣatōpaśōbhitaṁ kr̥tvā, tatra pālāśībhiraiṅgudībhiraudumbarībhirmādhukībhirvā samidbhiragnimupasamādhāya prāṅmukhaḥ śuciradhyayanavidhimanuvidhāya madhusarpirbhyāṁ tristrirjuhuyādagnimāśīḥsamprayuktairmantrairbrahmāṇamagniṁ dhanvantariṁ prajāpatimaśvināvindramr̥ṣīṁśca sūtrakārānabhimantrayamāṇaḥ pūrvaṁ svāhēti||11||

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tamupasthitamAj~jAya same shucau deshe prAkpravaNe [1] udakpravaNe vA catuShkiShkumAtraMcaturasraM sthaNDilaM gomayodakenopaliptaM kushAstIrNaM suparihitaM [2] paridhibhishcaturdishaMyathoktacandanodakumbhakShaumahemahiraNyarajatamaNimuktAvidrumAla~gkRutaMmedhyabhakShyagandhashuklapuShpalAjasarShapAkShatopashobhitaM kRutvA, tatrapAlAshIbhirai~ggudIbhiraudumbarIbhirmAdhukIbhirvA samidbhiragnimupasamAdhAya prA~gmukhaHshuciradhyayanavidhimanuvidhAya madhusarpirbhyAMtristrirjuhuyAdagnimAshIHsamprayuktairmantrairbrahmANamagniM dhanvantariMprajApatimashvinAvindramRuShIMshca sUtrakArAnabhimantrayamANaH pUrvaM svAheti||11||

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हुत्वाचप्रदक्षिणमग्निमनुपरिक्रामेत्| परिक्रम्यब्राह्मणान्स्वस्तिवाचयेत्;भिषजश्चाभिपूजयेत्||१२||

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śiṣyaścainamanvālabhēta| hutvā ca pradakṣiṇamagnimanuparikrāmēt| parikramya brāhmaṇān svasti vācayēt; bhiṣajaścābhipūjayēt||12||

shiShyashcainamanvAlabheta|

hutvA ca pradakShiNamagnimanuparikrAmet|

parikramya brAhmaNAn svasti vAcayet; bhiShajashcAbhipUjayet||12||

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The disciple should follow him. After offering oblations he should go round the fire keeping it to the right side, than brahmanas should recite 'svasti '. At the end, he should pay regards to the physicians in the society. [12]

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Code of conduct for medical student and professional:

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==== Code of conduct for medical student and professional ====

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अथैनमग्निसकाशेब्राह्मणसकाशेभिषक्सकाशेचानुशिष्यात्-ब्रह्मचारिणा श्मश्रुधारिणसत्यवादिनाऽमांसादेनमेध्यसेविनानिर्मत्सरेणाशस्त्रधारिणाचभवितव्यं,नचतेमद्वचनात्किञ्चिदकार्यंस्यादन्यत्रराजद्विष्टात्प्राणहराद्विपुलादधर्म्यादनर्थसम्प्रयुक्ताद्वाऽप्यर्थात्;मदर्पणेनमत्प्रधानेनमदधीनेनमत्प्रियहितानुवर्तिनाचशश्वद्भवितव्यं,पुत्रवद्दासवदर्थिवच्चोपचरताऽनुवस्तव्योऽहम्अनुत्सेकेनावहितेनानन्यमनसाविनीतेनावेक्ष्यावेक्ष्यकारिणाऽनसूयकेनचाभ्यनुज्ञातेनप्रविचरितव्यम्, अनुज्ञातेन(चाननुज्ञातेनच)प्रविचरतापूर्वंगुर्वर्थोपाहरणेयथाशक्तिप्रयतितव्यं,कर्मसिद्धिमर्थसिद्धंयशोलाभंप्रेत्यचस्वर्गमिच्छताभिषजात्वया गोब्राह्मणमादौकृत्वासर्वप्राणभृतांशर्माशासितव्यमहरहरुत्तिष्ठताचोपविशताच,सर्वात्मनाचातुराणामारोग्यायप्रयतितव्यं, जीवितहेतोरपिचातुरेभ्योनाभिद्रोग्धव्यं,मनसाऽपिचपरस्त्रियोनाभिगमनीयास्तथासर्वमेवपरस्वं,निभृतवेशपरिच्छदेनभवितव्यम्, अशौण्डेनापापेनापापसहायेनच,श्लक्ष्णशुक्लधर्म्यशर्म्यधन्यसत्यहितमितवचसादेशकालविचारिणास्मृतिमताज्ञानोत्थानोपकरणसम्पत्सुनित्यंयत्नवताच;नचकदाचिद्राजद्विष्टानांराजद्वेषिणांवामहाजनद्विष्टानांमहाजनद्वेषिणांवाऽप्यौषधमनुविधातव्यं,तथा

सर्वेषामत्यर्थविकृतदुष्टदुःखशीलाचारोपचाराणामनपवादप्रतिकारणां मुमूर्षूणांच,तथैवासन्निहितेश्वराणांस्त्रीणामनध्यक्षाणांवा;नच कदाचित्स्त्रीदत्तमामिषमादातव्यमननुज्ञातंभर्त्राऽथवाऽध्यक्षेण,आतुरकुलं

चानुप्रविशताविदितेनानुमतप्रवेशिनासार्धंपुरुषेणसुसंवीतेनावाक्शिरसास्मृतिमतास्तिमितेनावेक्ष्यावेक्ष्यमनसासर्वमाचरतासम्यगनुप्रवेष्टव्यम्,अनुप्रविश्यचवाङ्मनोबुद्धीन्द्रियाणिनक्वचित् प्रणिधातव्यान्यन्यत्रातुरादातुरोपकारार्थादातुरगतेष्वन्येषुवाभावेषु,नचातुरकुलप्रवृत्तयोबहिर्निश्चारयितव्याः, ह्रसितंचायुषःप्रमाणमातुरस्यजानताऽपित्वयानवर्णयितव्यंतत्रयत्रोच्यमानमातुरस्यान्यस्यवाऽप्युपघातायसम्पद्यते;ज्ञानवताऽपिचनात्यर्थमात्मनोज्ञानेविकत्थितव्यम्,आप्तादपिहि विकत्थमानादत्यर्थमुद्विजन्त्यनेके||१३||

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athainamagnisakāśē brāhmaṇasakāśē bhiṣaksakāśē cānuśiṣyāt- brahmacāriṇā śmaśrudhāriṇa satyavādinā'māṁsādēna mēdhyasēvinā nirmatsarēṇāśastradhāriṇā ca bhavitavyaṁ, na ca tē madvacanāt kiñcidakāryaṁ syādanyatra rājadviṣṭāt prāṇaharādvipulādadharmyādanarthasamprayuktādvā'pyarthāt; madarpaṇēna matpradhānēna madadhīnēna matpriyahitānuvartinā ca śaśvadbhavitavyaṁ, putravaddāsavadarthivaccōpacaratā'nuvastavyō'ham,anutsēkēnāvahitēnānanyamanasā vinītēnāvēkṣyāvēkṣyakāriṇā'nasūyakēna cābhyanujñātēna pravicaritavyam, anujñātēna (cānanujñātēna ca) pravicaratā pūrvaṁ gurvarthōpāharaṇē yathāśakti prayatitavyaṁ, karmasiddhimarthasiddhaṁ yaśōlābhaṁ prētya ca svargamicchatā bhiṣajā tvayā gōbrāhmaṇamādau kr̥tvā sarvaprāṇabhr̥tāṁ śarmāśāsitavyamaharaharuttiṣṭhatā cōpaviśatā ca, sarvātmanā cāturāṇāmārōgyāya prayatitavyaṁ, jīvitahētōrapi cāturēbhyō nābhidrōgdhavyaṁ, manasā'pi ca parastriyō nābhigamanīyāstathā sarvamēva parasvaṁ, nibhr̥tavēśaparicchadēna bhavitavyam, aśauṇḍēnāpāpēnāpāpasahāyēna ca, ślakṣṇaśukladharmyaśarmyadhanyasatyahitamitavacasā dēśakālavicāriṇā smr̥timatā jñānōtthānōpakaraṇasampatsu nityaṁ yatnavatā ca; na ca kadācidrājadviṣṭānāṁ rājadvēṣiṇāṁ vā mahājanadviṣṭānāṁmahājanadvēṣiṇāṁvā'pyauṣadhamanuvidhātavyaṁ,tathāsarvēṣāmatyarthavikr̥taduṣṭaduḥkhaśīlācārōpacārāṇāmanapavādapratikāraṇāṁ mumūrṣūṇāṁ ca, tathaivāsannihitēśvarāṇāṁ strīṇāmanadhyakṣāṇāṁ vā; na ca kadācit strīdattamāmiṣamādātavyamananujñātaṁ bhartrā'thavā'dhyakṣēṇa, āturakulaṁ cānupraviśatā viditēnānumatapravēśinā sārdhaṁ puruṣēṇa susaṁvītēnāvākśirasā smr̥timatā stimitēnāvēkṣyāvēkṣya manasā sarvamācaratā samyaganupravēṣṭavyam, anupraviśya ca vāṅmanōbuddhīndriyāṇi na kvacit praṇidhātavyānyanyatrāturādāturōpakārārthādāturagatēṣvanyēṣu vā bhāvēṣu, na cāturakulapravr̥ttayō bahirniścārayitavyāḥ, hrasitaṁ cāyuṣaḥ pramāṇamāturasya jānatā'pi tvayā na varṇayitavyaṁ tatra yatrōcyamānamāturasyānyasya vā'pyupaghātāya sampadyatē; jñānavatā'pi ca nātyarthamātmanō jñānē vikatthitavyam, āptādapi hi vikatthamānādatyarthamudvijantyanēkē||13||

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athainamagnisakAshe brAhmaNasakAshe bhiShaksakAshe cAnushiShyAt- brahmacAriNA shmashrudhAriNasatyavAdinA~amAMsAdena medhyasevinA nirmatsareNAshastradhAriNA ca bhavitavyaM, na ca temadvacanAt ki~jcidakAryaM syAdanyatra rAjadviShTAtprANaharAdvipulAdadharmyAdanarthasamprayuktAdvA~apyarthAt; madarpaNena matpradhAnenamadadhInena matpriyahitAnuvartinA ca shashvadbhavitavyaM,putravaddAsavadarthivaccopacaratA~anuvastavyo~aham [1] , anutsekenAvahitenAnanyamanasAvinItenAvekShyAvekShyakAriNA~anasUyakena cAbhyanuj~jAtena pravicaritavyam, anuj~jAtena(cAnanuj~jAtena ca) pravicaratA pUrvaM gurvarthopAharaNe yathAshakti prayatitavyaM,karmasiddhimarthasiddhaM yasholAbhaM pretya ca svargamicchatA bhiShajA tvayA gobrAhmaNamAdaukRutvA sarvaprANabhRutAM sharmAshAsitavyamaharaharuttiShThatA copavishatA ca, sarvAtmanAcAturANAmArogyAya prayatitavyaM, jIvitahetorapi cAturebhyo nAbhidrogdhavyaM, manasA~api caparastriyo nAbhigamanIyAstathA sarvameva parasvaM, nibhRutaveshaparicchadena bhavitavyam,ashauNDenApApenApApasahAyena ca, shlakShNashukladharmyasharmyadhanyasatyahitamitavacasAdeshakAlavicAriNA smRutimatA j~jAnotthAnopakaraNasampatsu nityaM yatnavatA ca; na cakadAcidrAjadviShTAnAM rAjadveShiNAM vA mahAjanadviShTAnAM mahAjanadveShiNAMvA~apyauShadhamanuvidhAtavyaM, tathAsarveShAmatyarthavikRutaduShTaduHkhashIlAcAropacArANAmanapavAdapratikAraNAM [2]mumUrShUNAM ca, tathaivAsannihiteshvarANAM strINAmanadhyakShANAM vA; na ca kadAcitstrIdattamAmiShamAdAtavyamananuj~jAtaM bhartrA~athavA~adhyakSheNa, AturakulaM cAnupravishatAviditenAnumatapraveshinA sArdhaM puruSheNa susaMvItenAvAkshirasA smRutimatAstimitenAvekShyAvekShya manasA sarvamAcaratA samyaganupraveShTavyam, anupravishya cavA~gmanobuddhIndriyANi na kvacitpraNidhAtavyAnyanyatrAturAdAturopakArArthAdAturagateShvanyeShu vA bhAveShu, nacAturakulapravRuttayo bahirnishcArayitavyAH, hrasitaM cAyuShaH pramANamAturasya jAnatA~api tvayAna varNayitavyaM tatra yatrocyamAnamAturasyAnyasya vA~apyupaghAtAya sampadyate; j~jAnavatA~apica nAtyarthamAtmano j~jAne vikatthitavyam, AptAdapi hi vikatthamAnAdatyarthamudvijantyaneke||13||

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Now the teacher should instruct the student in presence of sacred fire, brahmanas and physicians,

• “You shall follow abstinence, keep beard and mustaches,

Pallavmishra

Bureaucrats, Administrators

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Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana (view source)

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