Yapana basti

The word ‘yapana’ means to sustain or to maintain. The therapeutic enema (basti) intended for sustaining life is termed as ‘Yapana basti’. It is indicated in chronic and critical conditions like urolithiasis (ashmari), insanity (unmada), obstinate urinary diseases (prameha), abdominal distension (adhmana), vatarakta.[Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/16] It is used for providing instant nourishment and strength. In current practices, yapana basti is mainly used in disease of shukra and asthi dhatu like infertility and lumbar spondylosis etc.. The present chapter deals with specific indications of yapana basti and its utility in current practices.

Contributors

Section/Chapter/topic	Concepts/Basti/Yapana basti
Authors	Kulkarni Gajanan1, Deole Y.S. 2 Bhatt Hemisha2
Reviewer & Editor	Basisht G.3
Affiliations	1 Consultant, Ayurveda Clinic, Pune, India 2 Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 3 Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
Correspondence emails	ayurgk@yahoo.co.in, dryogeshdeole@gmail.com, carakasamhita@gmail.com
Publisher	Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre, I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
Date of publication:	August 25, 2023
DOI	10.47468/CSNE.2023.e01.s09.146

Etymology and derivation

The word ‘Yapana’ is derived from combination of ya + nich + lyut. ‘Yapya’ means to be expelled or to be discharged. [Monnier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899]

Synonyms

Following words are synonymous to yapana.

• Dharanam – to maintain [Su. Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/12]
• Poshanam – to nourish [Su. Sa. Nidana Sthana 14/30]
• Rog-shamanam – to pacify disease [ Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 6/13]
• Yatrakara- supporting journey of life [ Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/39]
• The basti which promotes longevity of life is ‘yapana basti’ [Chakrapani on Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/17]
• Pranadharana- sustain viatality [Arundatta A.Hr. Kalpa Sthana 14/29]

Difference in Yapana and Anuvasana basti

Table no.1: Difference in Yapana basti, Anuvasana Basti and Niruha  Basti

Yapan basti	Anuvasana basti	Niruha basti
Mild (mrudu) in nature	It can be mild (mrudu) or sharp (tikshna) based on ingredients	Sharp (Tikshna) in nature
It leads to purification (shodhana) and nourishment (brimhana) at same time.	It mainly leads to nourishment (brimhana).	Mainly for purification (shodhan) purpose.
Mamsa, asthi and majjagat dhatu related diseases are treated by giving yapana basti	Vata vyadhi and depletion related disorders (apatarpanottha roga) can be treated by giving anuvasana basti	Vata vyadhi and over nutrition related disorders (santarpanottha roga) are treated by giving niruha basti
Can be administered in healthy individual	Can be administered in healthy individual by less dose	Mostly can’t be given in healthy person
Single yapana basti is given	Combination with niruha gives more results	Always combine with anuvasana
Basti retention time is more than niruha	Basti retention time is 3 hours	Retention time is 48 minutes

Ingredient described in different context:

Charak Samhita(12)	Sushrut Samhita(1)	Ashtang hruday(2)
Jaggery (guda)	Mustadi Rajyapan basti (su.chi.38/103)	Honey (Madhu)
Ghee (ghrita)	Medicinal decoction (mustadi kwath)	Oil (Tail)
Oil (taila), medicated paste (kalka)	Milk (ksheera)	Meat soup(mamsa rasa)
Honey (kshaudra)	Meat soup(mamsa rasa)	Ghee (ajya)
Medicated milk (siddha ksheera)	Medicated paste (kalka)	Medicated paste (ghana kalka)
Meat soup (mamsa rasa)		Musle fat    (Vasa)(prasut)
Amlakanji (sour fermented liquid)

Pharmacological property of different ingredients of yapana basti:

Sr no	Contents	Sanskrit name	Rasa (taste)	Veerya (potency)	Vipaka (post digestion effect)	Guna (properties)	Chemical constituents
1	Milk	Kshira	Madhura (sweet)	Sheeta (cold)	Madhura (sweet)	Snigdha (unctuous) Sara (moving)	Lactose Lipid Lieolinic acid Palmitic acid
2	Honey	Madhu	Madhur Kashay	Sheeta	Madhura	Sheeta, Laghu, Shukshma, Vishada, Ropana,	Glucose Lactose Vanallic acid Pinobanksin Galangin
3	Meat soup	Mamsa rasa	Madhura		Madhura	Guru	75% of water, 25% of solids. Solids: 20% of proteins, 5% of organic substances
4	Ghee	Ghruta	Madhura	Sheet	Madhura	Alpa Abhishyandikari	Leonalic acid, Beutenolic acid, Lanosterol,
5	Rock salt	Saindhav	Lavan	sheet	madhur	Laghu Snigdha Sukshma	Nacl
6	Oil	Taila	As per its source	Ushna	As per its source	Tikshna, Vyavayi, Sukshma	Lipid Folic acid, nicotinic acid, planteose, pentosan
7	Jaggery	Guda	Madhura	Ushna	Madhur	Laghu, Unabhishyandi	Sucrose Fat Protein Ash
8	Fermented alcohol based formulation	Amla kanji	Amla	ushna	Amla	Laghu, Tikshna	Fermented chemicals

Indications

Yapana basti is indicated for purification (shodhana), nourishment (brimhana) with proper functioning of vayu (vata anulomana). These are mridu basti. [Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/29], hence these are indicated in diseases due to vata pitta vitiation and depletion of shukra and mamsa dhatu (ksheena).
It is indicated in following conditions:

1. Vishama jvara [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/302]
   Visham jwara is a condition where both strength (bala) of dosha and dhatu are diminished. Hence these types of fevers come intermittently.
2. Halimaka [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 16/136]
   Halimaka is state where vata and pitta are excessively increased and have excessive bala – shukra kshaya, redering the patient in very critical condition.
3. Avrutta vata [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 28/240]
   Long standing conditions of avrutta vayu inevitabely lead to emaciation of dhatu (shosha). Here yapan is used to increase dhatu as well as to achieve sroto shodhana and vata anulomana.
4. Jara sambhavaja klaibya [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/203]
   Jara is a condition where rasa dhatu is unable to nourish all other dhatus
5. Pain in lower half of body
   It eradicates pain from rectum, thighs, knee joints, scrotum and bladder. ( Payu janu uru vrushan basti shulnut) [Aas. Hru. Kalpa Sthana 4/29]

Sushruta Samhita advise yapan basti in following condition: [Su.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 38/111]

1. Vatrakta
2. Meha
3. Shopha
4. Arsha
5. Gulma
6. Mutrakruchhha
7. Chakshushya
8. Visarp
9. Jwara
10. Raktapitta
11. Balya
12. Sanjeevan
13. Shoolanashak
14. Vrushya

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