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<p style='text-align:justify;'>Pramanatah means measurement or proportion and pariksha means examination. The term pramanatah pariksha indicates examination by measurements or proportion. These are means to quantitatively express the proportions of the human body parts. In ancient era, the measurements were done by angula (fingers) and anjali (the cup shaped hallow formed by the joining of two palms together). These measurements are referred as anguli pramana and anjali pramana respectively. These measurements are individual specific. Though evolution of technology led to invention of accurate and precise measuring devices, still the ancient means of measurements via anguli and anjali maintain their clinical importance, being an easy, inexpensive, and scientifically justifiable mode of measurement. The anjali pramana is used for measuring the volume of fluid constituents, whereas anguli pramana is used for measuring the dimensions (length, breadth, height, circumference, distance between two points, etc). Pramana pariksha is one of the ten-fold clinical examinations of patient. [Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/94] Having well developed and proportionate body parts is one sign of good health. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 15/40] Underdeveloped or overdeveloped body parts can lead to disease. The present chapter deals with concept and practices of pramana pariksha. The contemporary science also gives importance to anthropometric measurements and evaluation of body composition. It is assessed on the basis of the nutritional status of an individual. This chapter describes pramanatah pariksha, its application and importance in healthcare practices. <p style="text-align:justify;">
<p style='text-align:justify;'>Pramanatah means measurement or proportion and pariksha means examination. The term pramanatah pariksha indicates examination by measurements or proportion. These are means to quantitatively express the proportions of the human body parts. In ancient era, the measurements were done by angula (fingers) and anjali (the cup shaped hallow formed by the joining of two palms together). These measurements are referred as anguli pramana and anjali pramana respectively. These measurements are individual specific. Though evolution of technology led to invention of accurate and precise measuring devices, still the ancient means of measurements via anguli and anjali maintain their clinical importance, being an easy, inexpensive, and scientifically justifiable mode of measurement. The anjali pramana is used for measuring the volume of fluid constituents, whereas anguli pramana is used for measuring the dimensions (length, breadth, height, circumference, distance between two points, etc). Pramana pariksha is one of the ten-fold clinical examinations of patient. [Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/94] Having well developed and proportionate body parts is one sign of good health. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 15/40] Underdeveloped or overdeveloped body parts can lead to disease. The present chapter deals with concept and practices of pramana pariksha. The contemporary science also gives importance to anthropometric measurements and evaluation of body composition. It is assessed on the basis of the nutritional status of an individual. This chapter describes pramanatah pariksha, its application and importance in healthcare practices. <p style="text-align:justify;">{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Contributors
|title = Contributors
|label1 = Section/Chapter/topic
|label1 = Section/Chapter/topic
|label2 = Authors
|label2 = Authors
|data2 = Bhojani M. K. <sup>1</sup>, Joglekar Aishwarya <sup>1</sup>
|data2 = Bhojani M. K. <sup>1</sup>, Joglekar Aishwarya <sup>1</sup>
|label3 = Editor
|label3 = Editor
|data3 = Deole Y.S.<sup>3</sup>
|data3 = Deole Y.S.<sup>3</sup>
|label4 = Affiliations
|label4 = Affiliations
===Synonyms===
===Synonyms===
'''Praman and pariksha'''[iii]''''''
'<nowiki/>''Praman and pariksha'''[iii]'<nowiki/>'''''
1. Examination or assessment tools (pariksha)
1. Examination or assessment tools (pariksha)
Pramana are described under the heading of vaada-marga. (methods of discussion). [Charak Samhita [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/ 27]. The vaada-marga are different tools or methods to establish the related facts and phenomena.
Pramana are described under the heading of vaada-marga. (methods of discussion). [Charak Samhita [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/ 27]. The vaada-marga are different tools or methods to establish the related facts and phenomena.
=== Pramana in the context of ten fold assessment of patient (dashavidha pariksha): ===
===Pramana in the context of ten fold assessment of patient (dashavidha pariksha):===
The word pramana is applied to denote assessment or measurement.
The word pramana is applied to denote assessment or measurement.
|'''Volume'''
|'''Volume'''
|-
|-
|'''Udaka''' (aqueous element) a substance which is found in association with various body parts/components of body. Example, it is seen mixed with faeces during the occurrence of diarrhoea. It is also found in association with urine, blood and other tissue elements of the body. It is spread all over the body with its site in the external skin. Inside the skin, it is known as lasika (lymph) which exudes through ulcers; when the body becomes hot, it comes out from hair follicles in the form of sweat.
|'''Udaka''' (aqueous element) a substance which is found in association with various body parts/components of body. Example, it is seen mixed with faeces during the occurrence of diarrhoea. It is also found in association with urine, blood and other tissue elements of the body. It is spread all over the body with its site in the external skin. Inside the skin, it is known as lasika (lymph) which exudes through ulcers; when the body becomes hot, it comes out from hair follicles in the form of sweat.
|10
|10
|-
|-
|5
|5
|-
|-
|'''Mutra (urine) '''
|'''Mutra (urine) '''
|4
|4
|-
|-
'''2. Spreading Caliper:''' Spreading Caliper is used to measure dimensions of the head and selected body width or depth dimensions in children (e.g. biacromial width, biiliocristal width, bispinal width, bitrochanteric width, transverse width of chest, biepicondylar width of humerus, biepicondylar width of femur).
'''2. Spreading Caliper:''' Spreading Caliper is used to measure dimensions of the head and selected body width or depth dimensions in children (e.g. biacromial width, biiliocristal width, bispinal width, bitrochanteric width, transverse width of chest, biepicondylar width of humerus, biepicondylar width of femur).
==== 3. Pelvimeter: Pelvimeter used for measuring the width and depth dimensions of the adult population. ====
====3. Pelvimeter: Pelvimeter used for measuring the width and depth dimensions of the adult population.====
==== 4. Modified Thoracometer: The instrument primarily serves for easy determination of the length of the foot. While measuring the foot length, the subject stands with his/her feet slightly apart, with the weight distributed evenly on both legs. The axis of the instrument is parallel to the inner edge of the foot, the bent toes need to be pressed against the floor. ====
====4. Modified Thoracometer: The instrument primarily serves for easy determination of the length of the foot. While measuring the foot length, the subject stands with his/her feet slightly apart, with the weight distributed evenly on both legs. The axis of the instrument is parallel to the inner edge of the foot, the bent toes need to be pressed against the floor.====
==== 5. Small height rod: This instrument is primarily designated to determine selectedvertical dimensions of the lower extremity (e.g. sphyrion height). ====
====5. Small height rod: This instrument is primarily designated to determine selectedvertical dimensions of the lower extremity (e.g. sphyrion height).====
==== 6. Sliding Caliper: This instrument is designed to determine selected dimensions of the head (e.g. morphological facial height, nasal height and width, the distance between the inner/outer eye corners, lower jaw height, mouth width, hand width, foot width, etc. The rounded ends serve for measurements carried out on live bodies, while the sharp ends are used for determining the dimensions of skeletal material. ====
====6. Sliding Caliper: This instrument is designed to determine selected dimensions of the head (e.g. morphological facial height, nasal height and width, the distance between the inner/outer eye corners, lower jaw height, mouth width, hand width, foot width, etc. The rounded ends serve for measurements carried out on live bodies, while the sharp ends are used for determining the dimensions of skeletal material.====
==== 7. Caliper: This instrument measures skinfold thickness. The instrument has two arms, of which one is calibrated scale. The base of this arm features a circular opening for the index or middle finger. The other (sliding) arm with a slot for measurement of the skinfold thickness has a base with a larger circular opening for the thumb. ====
====7. Caliper: This instrument measures skinfold thickness. The instrument has two arms, of which one is calibrated scale. The base of this arm features a circular opening for the index or middle finger. The other (sliding) arm with a slot for measurement of the skinfold thickness has a base with a larger circular opening for the thumb.====
==== 8. Soft metric tape: This tool is used for measuring girth dimensions. ====
====8. Soft metric tape: This tool is used for measuring girth dimensions.====