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== Concept of rajas from a philosophical point ofview ==

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~~Thetheory~~ of [[Triguna|triguna]] is fundamentally based on evolution as per both [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] and Sankhya philosophy. The [[Prakriti|prakriti]] is considered trigunatmaka. Hence its 'vikara' or expressions are also 'trigunatmaka' in nature. Thus, whole universe is ~~constitutedfrom~~ the derivatives of [[Triguna|triguna]] (Srishtiutpatti).[Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 24/8] Rajas guna, along with [[Sattva|sattva]] and [[Tamas|tamas guna]] also plays a ~~vitalrole~~ in the perception of this philosophical aspect. It is responsible for the generation, creation, and mutation of the srishti or universe. Rajas being active is responsible for stimulating both [[Sattva|sattva]] and [[Tamas|tamasguna]] intaijasaahankaraleading to the development of different vikara or the components of the universe.[Dalhana on Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/4] ~~Thealliance~~ or association of purusha with the 24tattva carries on as long as rajas and [[Tamas|tamas]] are afflicted with it leading to rashipurusha (combination of 24 elements).The liberation from the effect (of rajas and [[Tamas|tamas]]) by supremacy of [[Sattva|sattva]] leads to freedom ~~ofpurusha~~ i.e. moksha or salvation to get freedom from its alliance with the tattva. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/36] [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/142]. Thus, the moksha is described as a state of [[Sattva|sattva]] predominance with absolute absence of rajas and [[Tamas|tamas]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/142] The rajas is thus termed as ~~karanaor~~ cause for gati (speed) and pravritti (trend).[Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 2/38] Sankhya philosophy (Sankhyakarika 12-14) also focuses on the study of [[Triguna|triguna]] where the rajas is representingapriti(dukkha or sorrow),pravritti(initiation, stimulation), upastambhakam(stimulator),chala(active, in motion).Thus, the study of rajas guna is necessary to understand the process of srishtiutpatti, rashi- purusha, moksha which form the philosophical basis of [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]].

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The theory of [[Triguna|triguna]] is fundamentally based on evolution as per both [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] and Sankhya philosophy. The [[Prakriti|prakriti]] is considered trigunatmaka. Hence its 'vikara' or expressions are also 'trigunatmaka' in nature. Thus, whole universe is constituted from the derivatives of [[Triguna|triguna]] (Srishtiutpatti).[Su.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 24/8] Rajas guna, along with [[Sattva|sattva]] and [[Tamas|tamas guna]] also plays a vital role in the perception of this philosophical aspect. It is responsible for the generation, creation, and mutation of the srishti or universe. Rajas being active is responsible for stimulating both [[Sattva|sattva]] and [[Tamas|tamasguna]] intaijasaahankaraleading to the development of different vikara or the components of the universe.[Dalhana on Su.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/4] The alliance or association of [[Purusha|purusha]] with the 24tattva carries on as long as rajas and [[Tamas|tamas]] are afflicted with it leading to [[Rashipurusha|rashipurusha]] (combination of 24 elements). The liberation from the effect (of rajas and [[Tamas|tamas]]) by supremacy of [[Sattva|sattva]] leads to freedom of [[Purusha|purusha]] i.e. moksha or salvation to get freedom from its alliance with the tattva. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/36] [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/142]. Thus, the moksha is described as a state of [[Sattva|sattva]] predominance with absolute absence of rajas and [[Tamas|tamas]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/142] The rajas is thus termed as karana or cause for gati (speed) and pravritti (trend).[Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 2/38] Sankhya philosophy (Sankhyakarika 12-14) also focuses on the study of [[Triguna|triguna]] where the rajas is representingapriti(dukkha or sorrow), pravritti(initiation, stimulation), upastambhakam(stimulator), chala(active, in motion). Thus, the study of rajas guna is necessary to understand the process of srishtiutpatti, [[Rashipurusha|rashi-purusha]], moksha which form the philosophical basis of [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]].

== Rajas guna involvement in functioning of triguna(Sankhyakarika13)<ref name="ref8">Ishwarkrishna, Sankhyakarika with Abhinavarajlakshmi Bhashya by Gaudapada and hindi translation by Sitaramshashtri and Prof. Balashashta,Sankhyakarika number 12-13 , printed 2019 , Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashana , Varanasi , Page No.52-55 </ref> ==

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As mentioned earlier, the pathology of rajas [[Guna|guna]] can be an important factor in the occurrence of various mental disorders ([[Manas|manas]] vyadhi). [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] focuses on a holistic approach to balance [[Triguna|triguna]] and promote mental [[Health|health]]. Following measures can be undertaken for [[Vyadhi|diseases]] involving the pathology of rajas [[Guna|guna]].

<ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Manasikavegadharana(restraining psychological urges): Psychological urges like lobha (greed), shoka (sorrow), bhaya(fright), irshya(envious),dwesha(hate), raga(infatuation), ahankara(ego),nirlajja (indecency) etc. need to be controlled for the avoidance of mental [[Health|health]] conditions. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 7/25-29] </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Manasikavegadharana(restraining psychological urges): Psychological urges like lobha (greed), shoka (sorrow), bhaya(fright), irshya(envious), dwesha(hate), raga(infatuation), ahankara(ego), nirlajja (indecency) etc. need to be controlled for the avoidance of mental [[Health|health]] conditions. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 7/25-29] </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Daivavyapashrayachikitsa(spiritual therapy): It is divine therapy. It includes chanting & listening to different types ~~ofmantras~~, homa-havana (rituals, offerings made to holy fire),upavasa (fasting), divya-aushadhi, manidhaaran (use of prestigious stones), mangala(auspicious ceremony), upahara (gifts) niyama (following of auspicious and spiritual rules),pranipata (respect of almighty).This ~~helpsactivate~~ the [[Sattva|sattva's]] normal ~~functioningand~~ alleviate the vitiated [[Tamas|tamas]] ~~andrajas~~. </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Daivavyapashrayachikitsa(spiritual therapy): It is divine therapy. It includes chanting & listening to different types of mantras, homa-havana (rituals, offerings made to holy fire), [[Upavasa|upavasa (fasting)]], divya-aushadhi, manidhaaran (use of prestigious stones), mangala(auspicious ceremony), upahara (gifts) niyama (following of auspicious and spiritual rules), pranipata (respect of almighty). This helps activate the [[Sattva|sattva's]] normal functioning and alleviate the vitiated [[Tamas|tamas]] and rajas. </li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Sattvavajayachikitsa(psychotherapy): Regulation of [[Manas|mind]] is the main aim of this therapy, by diversion of emotions, assurance, proper guidance, controlled thought process, patience, etc. </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Yuktivyapashrayachikitsa(medicinal and diet therapy): Use of medicines (internal and external or both) and ahara(food). This is further classified into 2 types: </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Yuktivyapashrayachikitsa(medicinal and diet therapy): Use of medicines (internal and external or both) and [[Ahara|ahara(food)]]. This is further classified into 2 types: </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Shamanakarma (pacification therapy): This treatment alleviates the [[Dosha|dosha]] vitiation affecting the vitiation of rajas [[Guna|guna]] in the body. There are so many medicines described for treating mental illness. Few of them are described below: </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Shamanakarma (pacification therapy): This treatment alleviates the [[Dosha|dosha]] vitiation affecting the vitiation of rajas [[Guna|guna]] in the [[Sharira|body]]. There are so many medicines described for treating mental illness. Few of them are described below: </li>

<ul>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Single herbs: Mandukaparni (Centellaasiatica Linn.), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulaspleuricaulis) etc.[Ch. Sa. chi. 1/30-31] </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Use of medicated ghrita(ghee) preparations: Mahapaishachikaghrita, Brahmi ghrita, Lashunadighrita.[Ch.Chi. 10/17-25] Mahakalyanakaghrita, Kalyanakaghrita, Puranaghrita, ~~Prapuranaghritaetc~~. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|ChikitsaSthana]]. 9/35-61]. </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Use of medicated ghrita([[Ghee|ghee]]) preparations: Mahapaishachikaghrita, Brahmi ghrita, Lashunadighrita.[Ch.Chi. 10/17-25] Mahakalyanakaghrita, Kalyanakaghrita, Puranaghrita, Prapuranaghrita etc. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|ChikitsaSthana]]. 9/35-61]. </li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Rasa aushadhi: Smritisagarrasa [Yogratnakar, ApasamaraChikitsa], Unmadagajankusharasa [BhaishajyaRatnavali, UnmadRogadhikar]According to [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], the nervous system is govern by [[Vata dosha|Vata]], an imbalance of [[Vata dosha|Vata Dosha]] leads to poor mental alertness. These drugs alone or in combination helps to improve mental alertness when used on a regular basis. Some evidence based published research works are, </li>

<li>A clinical study on effect of Brahmi Ghrita on Depression- Author- Yogesh S Deole, HM Chandola.<ref name="ref9">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353910690_AYURVEDIC_MEDICINAL_IMPORTANCE_OF_SHANKHPUSHPI_CONVOLVULUS_PLURICAULIS_POTENTAIL_COGNITION_BOOSTING_HERB </ref></li>

<li>Ayurvedic Medical importance of Shankhpushpi: potential cognition boosting herb, Author- Shifali Thakur, Hemlata Kaurav.<ref name="ref10">https://www.ayujournal.org/article.asp?issn=09748520;year=2008;volume=29;issue=4;spage=207;epage=214;aulast=Deole;type=0 </ref></li></ul></ul>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Shodhana(purification procedures): Removal of the aggravated [[Dosha|dosha]] ultimately leads ~~toa~~ state of equilibrium in the body, as the vitiated [[Dosha|dosha]] can worsen the functioning of [[Triguna|triguna]]. Panchakarma procedures like vamana, virechana, nasya, niruha, ~~anuvasanaare~~ mentioned for treating mental illness. [Ch. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|ChikitsaSthana]] 10/61] </li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Naisthikichikitsa: Eliminatingupadha(ambitions) and desires, which are the leading cause of mental illness, is the most important measure. Elimination of cravings leads to the eradication of all the [[Vyadhi|diseases]] which are associated with the [[Manas|mind]]. This is the ultimate treatment process. </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Yoga: By practicing ashtanga yoga (yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana and samadhi), one can achieve the state of equilibrium . This increases the [[Sattva|sattva guna]], decreases rajas and [[Tamas|tamas guna]], and helps balance the [[Manas|mind]]. </li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Yoga: By practicing ashtanga yoga (yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, [[Dhyana|dhyana]] and [[Samadhi|samadhi]]), one can achieve the state of equilibrium . This increases the [[Sattva|sattva guna]], decreases rajas and [[Tamas|tamas guna]], and helps balance the [[Manas|mind]]. </li></ol>

== Previous researches on rajas guna ==

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