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== Etymology ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>
The word Tanmatra is made up of two words Tat+ Matra. Literary meaning ‘only that’. The term matra indicates the subtleness (Suksmatva)<ref>Gaudpadabhashya on ShriIshvarkrishnavirachitaSankhyakarika, Verse22 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953, P.20.</ref></div>
=== Definition ===
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Tanmatras are trifled, rudimentary or subtle elements from which the grosser elements (mahabhoota) are produced.<ref>Sir Monnier Williams, Sanskrit English Dictionary, Southern Publication, Madras, 1987, P. 434.</ref> The shabdadi (subject of senses/ quality of Mahabhootas) which are anudbhuta (In evolutionary stage) and can not be sensed by external sense organs are ‘tanmatras’. Only a person with highly developed senses like yogi can experience it.<ref>Dalhan, NibandhSangraha commentary on SushrutSamhita,SharirSthana Chapter1,Verse 4,Chaukhamba Orientallia, Varanasi 1997,p. 339.</ref></div>
== Types of tanmatras ==
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There are five sense perceptions -hearing, touch, sight, taste and smell and there are five tanmatras corresponding to the five-sense perception <ref>Gaudpadabhashya on ShriIshvarkrishnavirachitaSankhyakarika,Verse22 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953. P.4,5.</ref>
These are five in number
# Shabdatanmatra or sukshma akasha mahabhuta
# Sparshatanmatra or sukshmavayumahabhuta
# Rupa tanmatra or sukshmateja/agnimahabhuta
# Rasa tanmatra or sukshmajala/aapmahabhuta
# Gandhatanmatra or sukshmaprithvimahabhuta</div>
=== Synonyms ===
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Sukshmabhoota<ref>Chakrapani, Ayurved Dipika Vyakhya on CharakaSamhitaSharirSthan Chapter 1, verse 63, ChaukhambaSurbharati Publication, 1992, P.293.</ref>, avishesha<ref>ShriIshvarkrishna ,Sankhyakarika, verse 38 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953. P.33.</ref>, paramanu<ref>Dr.V.J. Thakar, AyurvediyaMaulik Siddhant, Gujrat Ayurved University, Jamnagar,1985 P.135.</ref>. </div>
== Concept of Tanmatra as per Sankhyaphilosophy ==
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While describing the surge of Universe the Sankhya explains the role of tanmatra. Sankhya enlisted 25 principles behind creation of universe. These principles are classified into 4 categories according to their role in the surge.<ref>ShriIshvarkrishna ,Sankhyakarika verse 3 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953.P4.</ref></div>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
! Sr no.
! Category
! Name
! Number
|-
| 1
| Mulaprakriti (origin/ creator)
| prakriti
| 01
|-
| 2
| Prakriti-vikriti (creator & creation dual nature)
| Mahat<br/>Ahankar<br/>Panchtanmatra
| 07
|-
| 3
| Vikar (creation)
| Panchamahabhoota (Five fundamental elements)<br/>Panchajnanendrya (Five sense organs)<br/>Panchakarmendriya (five motor organs)<br/>Mind (mana)
| 16
|-
| 4
| Na prakriti navikar (neither creator nor creation)
| Purusha
| 01
|-
|}
<div style='text-align:justify;'>
According to Sankhyas at the initial stage the two original eternal principles are mulaprakruti or avyakta (principal origin) and purusha.
Prakriti is the original state with balanced state of triguna, everything is in a mass and one thing cannot be distinguished from one another. Prakriti with the help of purusha causes the creation. <ref>Dr.D.L. Chary, A Textbook of PadarthaVijnanaEvumAyurvedItihasa,Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan,Delhi,2017, P.74.</ref></div>
== References ==
== References ==