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Vata dosha (view source)

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~~Vatadoṣha~~ is responsible for movement and cognition. [Code:SAT-B.384]<ref name="multiple1">National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref>It is one of the three [[Sharira|sharira]] [[Dosha|doṣha]] with a predominance of [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] and [[~~Akasha~~ mahabhuta~~|akashamahabhuta~~]]. This vital biological force performs functions like all sensory perceptions, motor activities, and higher mental activities. [Code:SAT-B.384]<ref name="multiple1" />

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Vata doṣha is responsible for movement and cognition. [Code:SAT-B.384]<ref name="multiple1">National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> It is one of the three [[Sharira|sharira]] [[Dosha|doṣha]] with a predominance of [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] and [[akasha mahabhuta]]. This vital biological force performs functions like all sensory perceptions, motor activities, and higher mental activities. [Code:SAT-B.384]<ref name="multiple1" />

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~~Rigved~~ stated that when the three [[Dhatu|dhatu]]- [[Vata dosha|vata]], [[Pitta|pitta]] and [[Kapha|kapha]] remain in a normal state and undisturbed, the body is at ease, and there is no [[Vyadhi|disease]].[R.V.1.3.6]<ref name="multiple2">Rg-vedasamhita. Hindi translation by Pt. Ram Govind Trivedi.Varanasi: ChowkhambaVidyabhawan; 2016.</ref>[[Dosha|Dosha]], [[Dhatu|dhatu]] and [[Mala|mala]] are fundamental factors of the living body. [Su.Sa.~~SutraSthana~~ 15/3]<ref name="multiple3">Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by JadavajiTrikamjiAacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 11/1].<ref name="multiple4">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000</ref>Life continues as long as [[Vata dosha|vata]] is present in the human body.[Bhe.Sa.~~SutraSthana~~ 16/2]<ref name="multiple5">Bhel. Bhel Samhita. Edited by Priya Vrat Sharma. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Visvabharti;2008.</ref>Along with being mobile, the [[Vata dosha|vata]] may also keep the [[Pitta|pitta]], [[Kapha|kapha]], [[Dhatu|dhatu]], and [[Mala|mala]] functioning. This demonstrates that [[Vata dosha|vata]] can affect other [[Dosha|dosha]] and the body's components.[Sha.Sa.Pratham Khanda 5/25]<ref name="multiple6">Sharngdhara. Sarngadhara Samhita. Edited by Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar.. Varanasi: ChaukhambhaSurbharatiPrakashan ;2013.</ref>. [[~~Pitta|~~Pitta]], [[~~Kapha|~~kapha]], [[~~Dhatu|~~dhatu]] (body elements), and [[~~Mala|~~mala]] (waste materials) are dependent on [[~~Vata dosha|~~vata dosha]] for their activities. The functions of [[Vata dosha|vata]] are also observed in nature in the form of movements of trees, clouds, and other objects. The movement in body is a sign that life is present. [[Vata dosha|Vata]] conducts all these gross and subtle physical movements. This article describes the details of [[~~Vata dosha|~~vata dosha]].

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Rigveda stated that when the three [[Dhatu|dhatu]]- [[Vata dosha|vata]], [[Pitta|pitta]] and [[Kapha|kapha]] remain in a normal state and undisturbed, the body is at ease, and there is no [[Vyadhi|disease]].[R.V.1.3.6]<ref name="multiple2">Rg-vedasamhita. Hindi translation by Pt. Ram Govind Trivedi.Varanasi: ChowkhambaVidyabhawan; 2016.</ref> [[Dosha|Dosha]], [[Dhatu|dhatu]] and [[Mala|mala]] are fundamental factors of the living body. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/3]<ref name="multiple3">Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by JadavajiTrikamjiAacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 11/1].<ref name="multiple4">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000</ref> Life continues as long as [[Vata dosha|vata]] is present in the human body. [Bhe. Sa. Sutra Sthana 16/2]<ref name="multiple5">Bhel. Bhel Samhita. Edited by Priya Vrat Sharma. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Visvabharti;2008.</ref> Along with being mobile, the [[Vata dosha|vata]] may also keep the [[Pitta|pitta]], [[Kapha|kapha]], [[Dhatu|dhatu]], and [[Mala|mala]] functioning. This demonstrates that [[Vata dosha|vata]] can affect other [[Dosha|dosha]] and the body's components.[Sha. Sa. Pratham Khanda 5/25]<ref name="multiple6">Sharngdhara. Sarngadhara Samhita. Edited by Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar.. Varanasi: ChaukhambhaSurbharatiPrakashan ;2013.</ref> [[Pitta]], [[kapha]], [[dhatu]] (body elements), and [[mala]] (waste materials) are dependent on [[vata dosha]] for their activities. The functions of [[Vata dosha|vata]] are also observed in nature in the form of movements of trees, clouds, and other objects. The movement in body is a sign that life is present. [[Vata dosha|Vata]] conducts all these gross and subtle physical movements. This article describes the details of [[vata dosha]].

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== Etymology and derivation ==

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The word [[Vata dosha|vata]] is derived from “ta” suffix to the word “Va”.The word ‘[[Vata dosha|vata]]’ is defined as “vagatigandhanayoh”. [Su.Sa.SutraSthana 21/5]<ref name="multiple3" /> “Va” word is concerned with movement (gati) and intimation(gandhana). The meanings of word ‘gati’ are motion, moving, and going. The meaning of word ~~gandhanaare~~ intimation, information, and perception.</div>

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The word [[Vata dosha|vata]] is derived from “ta” suffix to the word “Va”.The word ‘[[Vata dosha|vata]]’ is defined as “vagatigandhanayoh”. [Su.Sa.SutraSthana 21/5]<ref name="multiple3" /> “Va” word is concerned with movement (gati) and intimation (gandhana). The meanings of word ‘gati’ are motion, moving, and going. The meaning of word gandhana are intimation, information, and perception.</div>

== Synonyms<ref name="multiple7">Shabdakalpadruma, Radhakantdev R, editors. Volume 3, Delhi: Amar Publication; 2018, Available on Mana.</ref><ref name="multiple8">Monier-Williams, Monier William's Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press;1899.</ref> ==

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The god of wind (maruta), movement (chala), wind(anila), present everywhere(samirana), pure (pavana), gives sensation of [[Sparshanam|touch(sparshana)]], full of strength(mahabala), [[Ayu|life(jivana)]], sadagati, help in perception of smell(gandhavaha), self-existent(swayambhu)<ref name="multiple3" />[Su.Sa.~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/5], air, wind, blown, desired for, wished for, solicited, and god of wind.

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The god of wind (maruta), movement (chala), wind (anila), present everywhere (samirana), pure (pavana), gives sensation of [[Sparshanam|touch(sparshana)]], full of strength (mahabala), [[Ayu|life(jivana)]], sadagati, help in perception of smell (gandhavaha), self-existent (swayambhu)<ref name="multiple3" /> [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/5], air, wind, blown, desired for, wished for, solicited, and god of wind.

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== Various aspects ==

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Vata is categorized as ~~‘dosha’primarily~~ because of its capability to vitiate other body components. It is also mentioned as [[Dhatu|‘dhatu’]] because in normal state, it ~~sustainsor maintainsthe~~ body.<ref name="multiple3" /> [Su.Sa.~~SutraSthana~~ 21/4]It is also called as [[Mala|‘mala’]] as it can make the body unwholesome and produced as waste material during the process of digestion ~~“katuavasthapaka”~~(last ~~process~~ of digestion). [Cha.Sa.~~ChikitsaSthana~~ 15/11] Vata is the somatic factor having two prime functions –movements(cheshta) and process of learning or knowledge([[Dnyana|jnana]]). Vata is swayambhu(self-~~manifested~~) and it is the root cause of production, preservation, and destruction.[Su.Sa.~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" />Vata is the controller of body. ~~Vataleads~~ the functions of all [[Dosha|dosha]], and its responsible for many [[Vyadhi|diseases]].[Su.Sa.~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" />

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Vata is categorized as ‘dosha’ primarily because of its capability to vitiate other body components. It is also mentioned as [[Dhatu|‘dhatu’]] because in normal state, it sustains or maintains the body.<ref name="multiple3" /> [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/4]It is also called as [[Mala|‘mala’]] as it can make the body unwholesome and produced as waste material during the process of digestion “katu avasthapaka”(last stage of digestion). [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 15/11] Vata is the somatic factor having two prime functions –movements (cheshta) and process of learning or knowledge ([[Dnyana|jnana]]). Vata is swayambhu (self-existent) and it is the root cause of production, preservation, and destruction.[Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" /> Vata is the controller of body. Vata leads the functions of all [[Dosha|dosha]], and its responsible for many [[Vyadhi|diseases]].[Su. Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" />

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== Bhautika composition ==

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[[Dosha|Dosha]] are descendants of [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta]]. ~~Vatadosha~~ has dominance of [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] and [[~~Akasha~~ mahabhuta~~|akashamahabhuta~~]].<ref name="multiple9">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Samgraha. Edited by Shivprasadsharma. 3rd Ed., Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office; 2012.</ref>[A.S. Sutra ~~Sthana20~~/2]Akasha provides space for movements, and ~~vayuprovides~~ the energy needed for any kind of movements. Chakrapani opines that ~~vatadosha~~ is originated from [[~~Vayu~~ mahabhuta~~|vayumahabhuta~~]] predominantly.[Chakrapani on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/8]~~Althoughvatadosha~~ is panchabhautika, ~~vatadosha~~ is the representative of the respective [[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhuta]] in the human body. </div>

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[[Dosha|Dosha]] are descendants of [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta]]. Vata dosha has dominance of [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] and [[akasha mahabhuta]].<ref name="multiple9">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Samgraha. Edited by Shivprasadsharma. 3rd Ed., Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office; 2012.</ref>[A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/2] Akasha provides space for movements, and vayu provides the energy needed for any kind of movements. Chakrapani opines that vata dosha is originated from [[vayu mahabhuta]] predominantly. [Chakrapani on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/8] Although vata dosha is panchabhautika, vata dosha is the representative of the respective [[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhuta]] in the human body. </div>

<div>

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[[File:Vata dosha.jpg|center|frame|Figure 01: ~~Bhautikacomposition~~ of vata dosha.]]

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[[File:Vata dosha.jpg|center|frame|'''Figure 01: Bhautika composition of vata dosha''']]

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== Sites of vata ==

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[[Dosha|Dosha]] pervades every part of the [[Sharira|body]]. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] Acharya stated the general location of vata, [[Pitta|pitta]] and [[Kapha|kapha]] are the lower, middle, and upper portions of the body, respectively marked by the heart(hridaya) and umbilicus(nabhi).[A.S. Sutra Sthana 1/4]Vata is predominately present in [[Sharira|body]] parts below umbilicus(~~adhonabhi~~). [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/10]<ref name="multiple10">Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref>The specific sites of [[Dosha|dosha]] are locations where their functions are primarily observable. ~~Thespecific~~ seats of vata are:

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[[Dosha|Dosha]] pervades every part of the [[Sharira|body]]. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] Acharya stated the general location of vata, [[Pitta|pitta]] and [[Kapha|kapha]] are the lower, middle, and upper portions of the body, respectively marked by the heart (hridaya) and umbilicus (nabhi). [A.S. Sutra Sthana 1/4] Vata is predominately present in [[Sharira|body]] parts below umbilicus (adho nabhi). [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/10]<ref name="multiple10">Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. Edited by P. V. Tewari. Reprint. Varanasi: Chaukhambha vishvabharati;2008.</ref> The specific sites of [[Dosha|dosha]] are locations where their functions are primarily observable. The specific seats of vata are:

<ul>

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<li>Urinary bladder([[Basti|basti]])[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]</li>

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<li>Urinary bladder ([[Basti|basti]]) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]</li>

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<li>Large intestine+ rectum+ anal region(purishadhana)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]</li>

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<li>Large intestine+ rectum+ anal region (purishadhana) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]</li>

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<li>~~Plevicregion~~(~~katiorshroni~~)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" />[Dalhan on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" /> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Pelvic region (kati or shroni) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" />[Dalhan on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" /> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Thighs(sakthini)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Thighs (sakthini) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Both legs(padam)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]</li>

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<li>Both legs (padam) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]</li>

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<li>All bones(asthini)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" />[K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/10]<ref name="multiple10" /></li>

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<li>All bones (asthini) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" />[K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/10]<ref name="multiple10" /></li>

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<li>Anal region([[Guda|guda]])[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" />[~~Dalhan~~ on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" />[Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/9]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

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<li>Anal region ([[Guda|guda]]) [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" /> [Dallhan on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" />[Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/9]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

<li>[[Shrotra|Ears(shrotra)]] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

<li>Skin(sparshnendriya) [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

<li>[[Majja|Bone marrow(majja)]][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/10]<ref name="multiple10" /></li>

</ul>

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Among all these sites, large intestine(pakvashaya) is the prime site of vata.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" />Purishadhana included the portion of the intestine wherein ~~purishdharakala~~ (layer for formation and storage of stools)is located. It ~~includesanus~~ ([[Guda|guda]]) also. [Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/9]<ref name="multiple3" />[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" /> Chakrapani opines that purishadhana is pakvashaya. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]According to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atharvaveda Atharvaveda], vata is situated in the upper part of the head (mastishka). [Ath.V. 10/2/26]<ref name="multiple11">Atharvaveda Samhita. Edited by Shriram Sharma Acharya. Mathura: YugNirman Yojana: 2005.</ref> </div>

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Among all these sites, large intestine (pakvashaya) is the prime site of vata. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="multiple4" /> Purishadhana included the portion of the intestine wherein purishdhara kala (layer for formation and storage of stools)is located. It includes anus ([[Guda|guda]]) also. [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/9]<ref name="multiple3" /> [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="multiple3" /> Chakrapani opines that purishadhana is pakvashaya. [Chakrapani on Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] According to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atharvaveda Atharvaveda], vata is situated in the upper part of the head (mastishka). [Ath. V. 10/2/26]<ref name="multiple11">Atharvaveda Samhita. Edited by Shriram Sharma Acharya. Mathura: YugNirman Yojana: 2005.</ref> </div>

<div>

[[File:Vatadosha.jpg|center|frame|Figure 1. General(A) and specific sites(B) of vatadosha.]]

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The characteristics of vata are:

<ul>

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<li>[[Rukshana|Dryness(ruksha)]][Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" />[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>[[Rukshana|Dryness (ruksha)]] [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58] [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" />[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Coldness(shita)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" /> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Coldness (shita) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58] [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" /> [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Lightness(laghu)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" />[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Lightness (laghu) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58] [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" />[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Micro or subtle nature (sukshma)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Micro or subtle nature (sukshma) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Mobility(chala)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Mobility (chala) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Clearness(vishada)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58]</li>

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<li>Clearness(vishada) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58]</li>

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<li>Roughness(khara)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58][Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" />[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Roughness(khara) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58] [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" />[A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/11]<ref name="multiple4" /></li>

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<li>Hardness(daruna)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/4]</li>

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<li>Hardness(daruna) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 12/4]</li>

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<li>Bioenhancer (yogavahi)[Cha.Sa. ~~ChikitsaSthana~~ 3/39]</li>

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<li>Bioenhancer (yogavahi) [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/39]</li>

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<li>Formlessness(amurtatva)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/13]</li>

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<li>Formlessness (amurtatva) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/13]</li>

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<li>Frequent(bahu)[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/98]</li>

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<li>Frequent (bahu) [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/98]</li>

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<li>Swift(sheeghra)[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/98]</li>

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<li>Swift (sheeghra) [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/98]</li>

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<li>Coarseness or harshness(parusha)[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/98]</li>

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<li>Coarseness or harshness (parusha) [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/98]</li>

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<li>Assessed through its functions(~~avyaktovyaktakarma~~)[Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

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<li>Assessed through its functions (avyakto vyakta karma)[Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/7]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

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<li>Movements in all direction(tiryak)[Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

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<li>Movements in all direction(tiryak) [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

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<li>Having predominately raja quality(rajobahula)[Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

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<li>Having predominately raja quality (rajobahula) [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

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<li>Unpredictable potential(achintyavirya)[Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

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<li>Unpredictable potential(achintyavirya) [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/8]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

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<li>Quick(ashukari)[Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/9]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

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<li>Quick(ashukari) [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/9]<ref name="multiple3" /></li>

</ul>

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These attributes should be considered while taking diet and lifestyle ~~managementof~~ health. If the food and lifestyle habits having similar characteristics are followed in excess, a person may experience ~~vatadoshavitiation~~ leading to vata disorders.

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These attributes should be considered while taking diet and lifestyle management of health. If the food and lifestyle habits having similar characteristics are followed in excess, a person may experience vata dosha vitiation leading to vata disorders.

</div>

== Functions of vata ==

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Vata dosha governs all bodily functions.The ability to provide other bodily entities, such as other [[Dosha|dosha]], [[Dhatu|dhatu]], and [[Mala|mala]], mobility belongs to the ~~vatadosha~~ in the human [[Sharira|body]]. Vata is responsible for all motion, so this [[Dosha|dosha]] is also known as life in living beings. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/116] The principal functions of vata ~~doshaare to sustain the body~~:[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/49][Su.Sa. ~~NidanaSthana~~ 1/10]<ref name="multiple3" />[Su.Sa. ~~ShriraSthana~~ 7/8]<ref name="multiple3" />[Sh.Sa.Pratham Khand 5/21] <ref name="multiple6" />:

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Vata dosha governs all bodily functions. The ability to provide other bodily entities, such as other [[Dosha|dosha]], [[Dhatu|dhatu]], and [[Mala|mala]], mobility belongs to the vata dosha in the human [[Sharira|body]]. Vata is responsible for all motion, so this [[Dosha|dosha]] is also known as life in living beings. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 17/116] The principal functions of vata dosha are as below: [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/49] [Su.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/10]<ref name="multiple3" />[Su.Sa. Sharira Sthana 7/8]<ref name="multiple3" />[Sh. Sa. Pratham Khand 5/21] <ref name="multiple6" />:

<ul>

−

<li>Maintaining and controlling all the/ human machinery or body(tantra yantra dhara)</li>

+

<li>To sustain the body</li><li>Maintaining and controlling all the/ human machinery or body (tantra yantra dhara)

−

<li>The originator of all kinds of movements(~~parvartakachestanamucchavachanam~~)</li>

+

</li>

−

<li>Regulates and guides the mind(~~niyantapranetacha~~ [[~~Manasa|~~manasa]])</li>

+

<li>The originator of all kinds of movements (parvartaka cheshtanam uccha vachanam)</li>

−

<li>Stimulates all sensory and motor organs(~~sarvendriyanamudyojakah~~)</li>

+

<li>Regulates and guides the mind (niyanta praneta cha [[manasa]])</li>

−

<li>Directs senses to their respective objects(~~sarvendriyarthanamabhivodha~~)</li>

+

<li>Stimulates all sensory and motor organs (sarvendriyanam udyojakah)</li>

−

<li>Responsible for proper building of the tissues and organs of the body(sarvasharira [[~~Dhatu|~~dhatu]] vyuhakar)</li>

+

<li>Directs senses to their respective objects (sarvendriyarthanam abhivodha)</li>

−

<li>Connects the different tissues(~~sandhanakarsharirasya~~)</li>

+

<li>Responsible for proper building of the tissues and organs of the body (sarvasharira [[dhatu]] vyuhakar)</li>

−

<li>Induces speech(pravatakovacha)</li>

+

<li>Connects the different tissues (sandhanakar sharirasya)</li>

−

<li>Causative factor of sound and touch sensation([[~~Prakriti|~~prakriti]] ~~sparshshabdayoshrotrasparshayormulam~~)</li>

+

<li>Induces speech (pravatakovacha)</li>

−

<li>Cause of pleasures and determination(~~harshautsahayonih~~)</li>

+

<li>Causative factor of sound and touch sensation ([[prakriti]] sparshshabdayo shrotra sparshayormulam)</li>

+

<li>Cause of pleasures and determination (harsha utsahayonih)</li>

<li>Stimulates digestive power(samirano-agneh)</li>

−

<li>Dries up the excessive moisture([[Dosha|dosha]] samshoshanah)</li>

+

<li>Dries up the excessive moisture ([[Dosha|dosha]] samshoshanah)</li>

−

<li>Excretion of waste products(~~ksheptabahimalanamor samomokshagatimata~~)</li>

+

<li>Excretion of waste products (kshepta bahimalanam or samo moksha gatimata)</li>

−

<li>Formation of every kind of channel, fine and coarse(~~sthulanusrotasambhetta~~)</li>

+

<li>Formation of every kind of channel, fine and coarse (sthulanu srotasam bhetta)</li>

−

<li>Regulates the formation of the different structures of the fetus and provides specific size/shape(~~kartagarbhakritinam~~)</li>

+

<li>Regulates the formation of the different structures of the fetus and provides specific size/shape (karta garbhakritinam)</li>

−

<li>Sustain the life(~~ayushoanuvrittipratyayabhutah~~)</li>

+

<li>Sustain the life(ayusho anuvritti pratyaya bhutah)</li>

−

<li>Control the segmentation or division of cells(~~vibhagakarananmatah~~)[Sh.Sa.Pratham Khand 5/21] <ref name="multiple6" /></li>

+

<li>Control the segmentation or division of cells (vibhagakaranan matah)[Sha.Sa.Pratham Khand 5/21] <ref name="multiple6" /></li>

−

<li>Inhalation and exhalation(ucchavasa-nishwasa)</li>

+

<li>Inhalation and exhalation (ucchavasa-nishwasa)</li>

−

<li>Proper movements of dhatu(~~dhatugatisama~~)</li>

+

<li>Proper movements of dhatu (dhatugati sama)</li>

</ul>

Five particular functions of vata based on its types are as below:[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/4]<ref name="multiple3" />

Line 179: Line 180:

| 03.

| Samana

−

| Near digestive system (~~anataragneparshva~~)

+

| Near digestive system (anataragne parshva)

| It gives strength to the digestive system

| Abdominal lump ([[Gulma Nidana|gulma]]),<br/>less digestive capability (agnisada),<br/>diarrhea ([[Atisara Chikitsa|atisara]])

Line 192: Line 193:

| Apana

| Scrotum (vrishana)<br/>Bladder ([[Basti|basti]])<br/>Penis (medhra)<br/>Umbilicus (nabhi)<br/>Thorax (ura)<br/>Inguinal region (vankshana)<br/>Anus ([[Guda|guda]])

−

| Ejection of semen, removal of urine and faces (~~Shukramutrashakritkriya~~),<br/>menstruation and delivery of fetus (~~srijtyaartavagarbha~~)

+

| Ejection of semen, removal of urine and faces (Shukra mutra shakrit kriya),<br/>menstruation and delivery of fetus (srijtya artava garbha)

| [[Vyadhi|Diseases]] related to the urinary bladder and anal region (bastigudaashraya)

|-

Line 246: Line 247: −

<div>[[File:Vata- types.jpg|center|frame|Figure 03: Regulation of different system by vata- types.]]</div>

+

<div>[[File:Vata- types.jpg|center|frame|'''Figure 03: Regulation of different system by vata- types.''']]</div>

== Two types ==

−

Two types of [[Dosha|dosha]] are: Prakrita(inherent state) and ~~vaikritadosha~~ (acquired state). Prakrita dosha are observed at the time of conception and are responsible for the formation of [[Prakriti|prakriti]]. They are constant, and any change in them leads to death or trouble. They are responsible for the expression of individuality or phenotype of the person. ~~Vaikritadosha~~ are produced as the waste of [[Ahara|food(ahara)]] and continuously circulate in the [[Sharira|body]] of fetus. They are responsible for health, and any disturbance in their physiological limits, either excess or decline, leads to [[Vyadhi|disease]]. Prakrita and ~~vaikritadosha~~ always stay in connection with one another, and collectively, they are called ~~sharirikadosha~~. A person can only control the ~~vaikritadosha~~ through diet and lifestyle. [A.S. ~~ShariraSthana~~ 8/4]<ref name="multiple9" /> </div>

+

Two types of [[Dosha|dosha]] are: Prakrita (inherent state) and vaikrita [[dosha]] (acquired state). Prakrita [[dosha]] are observed at the time of conception and are responsible for the formation of [[Prakriti|prakriti]]. They are constant, and any change in them leads to death or trouble. They are responsible for the expression of individuality or phenotype of the person. Vaikrita [[dosha]] are produced as the waste of [[Ahara|food (ahara)]] and continuously circulate in the [[Sharira|body]] of fetus. They are responsible for health, and any disturbance in their physiological limits, either excess or decline, leads to [[Vyadhi|disease]]. Prakrita and vaikrita [[dosha]] always stay in connection with one another, and collectively, they are called sharirika [[dosha]]. A person can only control the vaikrita [[dosha]] through diet and lifestyle. [A.S. Sharira Sthana 8/4]<ref name="multiple9" /> </div>

=== Vata dominantconstitution ([[Prakriti|prakriti]]) ===

−

The characteristics of vata ~~dominantconstitution~~ individuals based on properties of vata dosha. [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/99]The person having vata dosha in predominance have the following characteristics:

+

The characteristics of vata dominant constitution individuals based on properties of vata dosha. [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/99]The person having vata dosha in predominance have the following characteristics:

<ul>

−

<li>~~Leanbody~~ appearance</li>

+

<li>Lean body appearance</li>

<li>Dryness in voice, skin and hair</li>

<li>Less and disturbed [[Nidra|sleep]]</li>

Line 266: Line 267:

<li>Prominent tendons, veins and joints.</li></ul>

</div>

−

=== ~~Lokapurusha~~ [[Samanya|samanya]] ===

+

=== Loka purusha [[Samanya|samanya]] ===

−

[[Vayu mahabhuta|Vayu]] is responsible for all motions in the cosmos. The [[~~Vayu~~ mahabhuta~~|vayumahabhuta~~]] is represented by the ~~vatadosha~~ in human body. Nourishing (visarga), depleting (adana) and distributing (vikshepa) in the universe are carried by the moon, sun and wind. Similarly, human [[Sharira|body]] has [[Kapha|kapha]], [[Pitta|pitta]], and vata performing the same functions, respectively. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 29/6]<ref name="multiple3" /> </div>

+

[[Vayu mahabhuta|Vayu]] is responsible for all motions in the cosmos. The [[vayu mahabhuta]] is represented by the vata dosha in human body. Nourishing (visarga), depleting (adana) and distributing (vikshepa) in the universe are carried by the moon, sun and wind. Similarly, human [[Sharira|body]] has [[Kapha|kapha]], [[Pitta|pitta]], and vata performing the same functions, respectively. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 29/6] <ref name="multiple3" /> </div>

== Factors responsible for abnormal states of vata ==

Line 274: Line 275:

Certain factors cause excess or decline of vata in the human [[Sharira|body]]. These factors are natural or unavoidable and artificial or avoidable.

−

'''Natural factors:''' These factors are the essential component of biological rhythm occurring in the external as well as internal environment of the [[Sharira|body]]. This natural increase is physiological. These factors are as follows:[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/20]<ref name="multiple3" />, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/8]<ref name="multiple4" />, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana12/24-25]<ref name="multiple4" />[A.Hr. NidanaSthana1/14-15]<ref name="multiple4" />

+

'''Natural factors:''' These factors are the essential component of biological rhythm occurring in the external as well as internal environment of the [[Sharira|body]]. This natural increase is physiological. These factors are as follows: [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/20]<ref name="multiple3" />, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana1/8]<ref name="multiple4" />, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana12/24-25]<ref name="multiple4" />[A.Hr. NidanaSthana1/14-15]<ref name="multiple4" />

<ul>

−

<li>'''[[Ritu|Season(ritu)]]:''' Vata undergoes accumulation in [[Grishma|summer(grishma)]], gets vitiated in [[Varsha|rainy season(varsha)]] and subsides to normal during [[Sharad|autumn(sharada)]].</li>

+

<li>'''[[Ritu|Season (ritu)]]:''' Vata undergoes accumulation in [[Grishma|summer (grishma)]], gets vitiated in [[Varsha|rainy season (varsha)]] and subsides to normal during [[Sharad|autumn (sharada)]].</li>

−

<li>'''Various stages of digestion of food: '''Vata gets vitiated at the end of meal digestion(jirneanne)</li>

+

<li>'''Various stages of digestion of food: '''Vata gets vitiated at the end of meal digestion (jirneanne)</li>

−

<li>'''Biological rhythm of day and night:''' Vata gets vitiated at the end of day(apraha) and night(pratyush).</li>

+

<li>'''Biological rhythm of day and night:''' Vata gets vitiated at the end of day (apraha) and night (pratyush).</li>

−

<li>'''[[Desha|Habitat(desha)]]:''' Vata usually gets vitiated in the person of arid area(~~jangaladesha~~).</li>

+

<li>'''[[Desha|Habitat (desha)]]:''' Vata usually gets vitiated in the person of arid area (jangala desha).</li>

<li>'''Age (vaya):''' In old age, vata is in excess as compared to other [[Dosha|dosha]].</li></ul>

Line 285: Line 286:

'''Artificial factors:'''

−

Apart from natural factors, there are certain ~~factorsthat causevitiation~~ of [[Dosha|dosha]] and [[Vyadhi|disease]]. These factors are easily avoidable and used in clinical practice through the concept of ~~samanyavisheshasiddhanta~~. These factors are as follows: [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana21/19]<ref name="multiple3" /> [A.Hr. ~~NidanaSthana1~~/14-15]<ref name="multiple4" />

+

Apart from natural factors, there are certain factors that cause vitiation of [[Dosha|dosha]] and [[Vyadhi|disease]]. These factors are easily avoidable and used in clinical practice through the concept of [[Samanya Vishesha Theory|samanya vishesha siddhanta]]. These factors are as follows: [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana21/19]<ref name="multiple3" /> [A.Hr. Nidana Sthana1/14-15]<ref name="multiple4" />

<ul>

−

+

−

<li>'''Lifestyle or activities:''' Suppression of natural urges(~~vegavidharana~~), night awakening(~~ratrijagrana~~), loud speech(ucchabhashana), overworking or excessive [[Shodhana|shodhana]](kriya atiyoga), overthinking(chinta), excessive [[Vyayama|exercise(vyayama)]], excessive sexual indulgence(~~atimaithuna~~), excessive studies(~~atiadhyanana~~), swimming(plavana), and lifting of weight(~~bharaharana~~) etc.</li> </div>

+

<li>'''Lifestyle or activities:''' Suppression of natural urges(vega vidharana), night awakening (ratri jagrana), loud speech (ucchabhashana), overworking or excessive [[Shodhana|shodhana]] (kriya atiyoga), overthinking (chinta), excessive [[Vyayama|exercise (vyayama)]], excessive sexual indulgence (ati maithuna), excessive studies(ati adhyanana), swimming (plavana), and lifting of weight (bhara harana) etc.</li> </div>

== Clinical aspects ==

−

'''Preventive aspect:''' Person having [[~~Prakriti|~~prakriti]] ~~vatadosha~~ as [[Sharira|body]] constitution should avoid diet and lifestyle which vitiates vata dosha. To prevent the vata dominant [[Vyadhi|diseases]], diet and lifestyle opposite to attributes of vata are advised.[A.Hr. ~~ShariraSthana3~~/85-89]<ref name="multiple4" />

+

=== '''Preventive aspect''' ===

+

Person having [[prakriti]] vata dosha as [[Sharira|body]] constitution should avoid diet and lifestyle which vitiates vata dosha. To prevent the vata dominant [[Vyadhi|diseases]], diet and lifestyle opposite to attributes of vata are advised. [A.Hr. Sharira Sthana 3/85-89]<ref name="multiple4" />

−

+

−

'''Stages of [[~~Dosha|~~dosha]]:''' [[~~Dosha|~~Dosha]] continues to exist in three states: hypofunction (kshaya), hyperfunction (vriddhi), and normal physiological state (sama). [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana17/110]Increase and reduction in [[~~Dosha|~~dosha]] functioning ([[~~Karma|~~karma]]), respectively, can be used to understand [[~~Dosha|~~dosha]] increase and decline in the [[Sharira|body]]. [[~~Dosha|~~Dosha]], when increased, produce their respective features in excess; when decreased, cut off their functions and when in normal state, they perform their normal functions.

+

=== '''Stages of [[dosha]]''' ===

−

[[File:Dosha stages.jpg|center|frame|Figure 04: Stages of dosha.]]

+

[[Dosha]] continues to exist in three states: hypofunction (kshaya), hyperfunction (vriddhi), and normal physiological state (sama). [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana17/110]Increase and reduction in [[dosha]] functioning ([[karma]]), respectively, can be used to understand [[dosha]] increase and decline in the [[Sharira|body]]. [[Dosha]], when increased, produce their respective features in excess; when decreased, cut off their functions and when in normal state, they perform their normal functions.

+

[[File:Dosha stages.jpg|center|frame|'''Figure 04: Stages of dosha''']]

</div>

−

'''Hyperfunctioning of vata(~~vridhilakshana~~):''' When vata levels in the [[Sharira|body]] are increasing, the [[Sharira|body]] exhibits various signs and symptoms as below: [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana15/15]<ref name="multiple3" />, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana11/5]<ref name="multiple4" />, [A.S. Sutra Sthana 19/6]<ref name="multiple9" />:

+

==== '''Hyperfunctioning of vata (vriddhi lakshana)''' ====

−

<ul>

+

When vata levels in the [[Sharira|body]] are increasing, the [[Sharira|body]] exhibits various signs and symptoms as below: [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana15/15]<ref name="multiple3" />, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana11/5]<ref name="multiple4" />, [A.S. Sutra Sthana 19/6]<ref name="multiple9" />:<ul>

−

<li>Emaciation(karshya)</li>

+

<li>Emaciation (karshya)</li>

−

<li>Blackish discoloration(kashnya)</li>

+

<li>Blackish discoloration (kashnya)</li>

−

<li>Fond of hot articles(~~ushankamitva~~)</li>

+

<li>Fond of hot articles (ushnakamitva)</li>

−

<li>Uncontrolled movements(kampa or ~~gatrasaphurana~~)</li>

+

<li>Uncontrolled movements (kampa or gatra sphurana)</li>

−

<li>Abdominal distension(anaha)</li>

+

<li>Abdominal distension (anaha)</li>

−

<li>Constipation (~~shakrutgraha~~ or ~~gadhavarcha~~)</li>

+

<li>Constipation ([[Purisha|shakrut]] graha or gadha [[Purisha|varcha]])</li>

−

<li>Decreased strength(~~balabhransha~~ or ~~alpabalatvam~~)</li>

+

<li>Decreased strength ([[bala]] bhransha or alpa balatvam)</li>

−

<li>Loss of [[Nidra|sleep]](~~nidrabhransa~~ or ~~nidranasha~~)</li>

+

<li>Loss of [[Nidra|sleep]] ([[nidra]] bhransa or [[nidra]] nasha)</li>

−

<li>Sensory and motor function loss(~~indriyabhransa~~)</li>

+

<li>Sensory and motor function loss ([[indriya]] bhransha)</li>

−

<li>Delirium(pralapa)</li>

+

<li>Delirium (pralapa)</li>

−

<li>Dizziness(bhrama)</li>

+

<li>Dizziness (bhrama)</li>

−

<li>Lack of self-confidence(dinata)</li>

+

<li>Lack of self-confidence (dinata)</li>

−

<li>Dryness of skin(~~twakaparushya~~)</li>

+

<li>Dryness of skin (twaka parushya)</li>

−

<li>Pain in bones(~~asthishula~~)</li>

+

<li>Pain in bones ([[Asthi dhatu|asthi]] shula)</li>

−

<li>Reduction in bone marrow(~~majjashosha~~)</li>

+

<li>Reduction in bone marrow ([[majja]] shosha)</li>

<li>Flatulence (adhmana)</li>

−

<li>Delusion(moha)</li>

+

<li>Delusion (moha)</li>

−

<li>Fear(bhaya)</li>

+

<li>Fear (bhaya)</li>

−

<li>Grief or sorrow(shoka)</li></ul>

+

<li>Grief or sorrow (shoka)</li></ul>

−

'''Hypo functioning of vata (~~kshayalakshana~~):''' When vata levels in the body are declining, the [[Sharira|body]] exhibits various signs and symptoms as below:[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana15/9]<ref name="multiple3" /> , [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana11/15-16]<ref name="multiple4" />, [A.S. Sutra Sthana19/15]<ref name="multiple9" />

+

'''Hypo functioning of vata (kshaya lakshana):''' When vata levels in the body are declining, the [[Sharira|body]] exhibits various signs and symptoms as below:[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana15/9]<ref name="multiple3" /> , [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana11/15-16]<ref name="multiple4" />, [A.S. Sutra Sthana19/15]<ref name="multiple9" />

<ul><li>Avoid talk (alpabhashita or alpavaka)</li>

<li>Generalized weakness(angasada)</li>

−

<li>Loss of sensation (~~sangyamoha~~ or ~~mudasangyta~~)</li>

+

<li>Loss of sensation (sangya moha or mudha sangyta)</li>

−

<li>Symptoms of ~~increasedkapha~~</li>

+

<li>Symptoms of increased kapha</li>

−

<li>Less active(~~mandacheshta~~)</li>

+

<li>Less active(manda cheshta)</li>

<li>Loss of happiness or lack of pleasure (apraharsha)</li>

<li>Excess salivation(praseka)</li>

−

<li>Loss of appetite(aruchi)</li>

+

<li>Loss of appetite (aruchi)</li>

−

<li>Nausea(rhallasa)</li></ul> </div>

+

<li>Nausea (rhallasa)</li></ul> </div>

== Diagnosis ==

−

The state of vata dosha can be diagnosed and assessed based on clinical features. The most presented clinical features of vata dosha are pain(shula), numbness(suptata), dryness(rukshta) rigidity([[Stambhana|stambhana]]), [[Shosha Nidana|wasting(shosha)]] and harshness(parusha).[Cha.Sa. ~~SutraSthana20~~/12]

+

The state of vata dosha can be diagnosed and assessed based on clinical features. The most presented clinical features of vata dosha are pain(shula), numbness(suptata), dryness (rukshta) rigidity ([[Stambhana|stambhana]]), [[Shosha Nidana|wasting (shosha)]] and harshness(parusha).[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/12]

−

Eighty types of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] due to an imbalance of ~~vatadosha~~(~~vatajananatmajavyadhi~~) are listed.[Cha.Sa. ~~SutraSthana20~~/11][table 02]: </div>

+

Eighty types of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] due to an imbalance of vata dosha (vataja nanatmaja [[vyadhi]]) are listed. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/11] [table 02]: </div>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"

−

|+ Table 2: Diseases due to vata dosha

+

|+Table 2: Diseases due to vata dosha ('''vataja nanatmaja vikara)'''

−

|+ style="caption-side:bottom; | ~~'''Table 02: 80 types of disease of vata (vatajananatmajavikara)'''~~

+

|+ style="caption-side:bottom; |

|-

| Cracks in nail(nakhabheda)

Line 352: Line 356:

| Foot pain(padashula)

| Unable to walk (khanjata)

−

| Loose teeth(dantashaithilya)

+

| Loose teeth (dantashaithilya)

−

| Scaling in scalp(keshabhumisphutana)

+

| Scaling in scalp (keshabhumisphutana)

|-

| Foot drop(pada bhransha)

| Kyphosis(kubjata)

−

| Aphasia(mukatva)

+

| Aphasia (mukatva)

−

| Facial paralysis(ardita)

+

| Facial paralysis (ardita)

|-

| Foot numbness(pada suptata)

−

| Dwarfism(vamanatva)

+

| Dwarfism (vamanatva)

−

| Speech disorder(vakasanga)

+

| Speech disorder (vakasanga)

−

| Monoplegia(ekangaroga)

+

| Monoplegia (ekangaroga)

|-

| Difficulty in walking (vatakhuddata)

−

| Stiffness of ~~sacroiliac~~ joint(trikagraha)

+

| Stiffness of sacro-iliac joint (trikagraha)

| Astringent taste in mouth(kashayasyata)

| Quadriplegia (sarvangaroga)

Line 375: Line 379:

| Hemiplegia(pakshavadha)

|-

−

| Cramps in calf(pindikodveshtana)

+

| Cramps in calf (pindikodveshtana)

| Lateral side Chest pain(parshvavamarda)

| Tastelessness (arasagyata)

Line 385: Line 389:

| Tonic contraction(dandaka)

|-

−

| Genu varum(janubheda)

+

| Genu varum (janubheda)

| Stiffness in heart(hridmoha)

| Earache(karnashula)

| Fainting([[Tamas|tama]])

|-

−

| Genu valgum(januvishlesha)

+

| Genu valgum (januvishlesha)

| Heaviness in heart(hriddrava)

| Tinnitus (ashabdashravana)

Line 400: Line 404:

| Tremors(vepathu)

|-

−

| Thigh pain(urusada)

+

| Thigh pain (urusada)

−

| Difficulty in thoracic cage muscle movements(vakshauparodha)

+

| Difficulty in thoracic cage muscle movements (vakshauparodha)

| Deafness (badhirya)

| Yawning(jrimbha)

|-

−

| Paraplegia(pangulya)

+

| Paraplegia (pangulya)

−

| Stabbing pain in chest(vakshastoda)

+

| Stabbing pain in chest (vakshastoda)

| Ptosis of eye lid(vartmastambha)

| [[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa|Hiccups (hikka)]]

|-

−

| Rectum prolapse(~~gudabhransha~~)

+

| Rectum prolapse(guda bhransha)

−

| Wasting of arm muscles(bahushosha)

+

| Wasting of arm muscles (bahushosha)

| Entropion (vartmasankocha)

| Depression(vishada)

|-

| Tenasmus (gudarti)

−

| Neck stiffness(grivastambha)

+

| Neck stiffness (grivastambha)

| Glaucoma (timira)

| Delirium(atipralapa)

|-

| Scrotum pain(vrushnakshepa)

−

| Torticollis(manyastambha)

+

| Torticollis (manyastambha)

| Pain in eye(akshishula)

| Dryness(rukshya)

Line 444: Line 448:

== Treatment ==

−

Disturbance, either excess or decline, leads to [[Vyadhi|disease]]. To manage and or prevent [[Vyadhi|disease]], the clinician must follow the theory of similarity and dissimilarity ([[Samanya|samanya]]~~- visheshasiddhanta~~) based on [[Rasa|rasa]] and food, which decline vata (shamaka) and [[Prakopa|~~aggaravatevata~~(prakopa)]]. Controlling the increase of the ~~vatadosha~~ requires avoiding foods and ways of living that increase it, while indulging in foods that reduce it (~~vatashamaka~~). Contrarily, the decline of ~~vatais~~ treated by consuming foods and leading lifestyles that stimulate it, rather than suppressing it.

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Disturbance, either excess or decline, leads to [[Vyadhi|disease]]. To manage and or prevent [[Vyadhi|disease]], the clinician must follow the theory of similarity and dissimilarity ([[Samanya Vishesha Theory|samanya- vishesha siddhanta]]) based on [[Rasa|rasa]] and food, which decline vata (shamaka) and [[Prakopa|aggravate vata(prakopa)]]. Controlling the increase of the vata dosha requires avoiding foods and ways of living that increase it, while indulging in foods that reduce it (vata shamaka). Contrarily, the decline of vata is treated by consuming foods and leading lifestyles that stimulate it, rather than suppressing it.

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Three [[Rasa|tastes(rasa)]] that helps in controlling the vitiated vata are – [[Madhura|sweet(madhura)]], [[Amla|sour(amla)]] and [[Lavana|salty(lavana)]].[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana1/66]Medicated [[Basti|enema(basti)]] is the best ~~interventionindicated~~ for vitiated vata.[Cha.Sa. Sutra ~~Sthana20~~/13] Oil is best therapeutic drug for the treatment of vata. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 25/40]

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Three [[Rasa|tastes(rasa)]] that helps in controlling the vitiated vata are – [[Madhura|sweet(madhura)]], [[Amla|sour(amla)]] and [[Lavana|salty(lavana)]].[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana1/66] Medicated [[Basti|enema(basti)]] is the best intervention indicated for vitiated vata. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/13] Oil is best therapeutic drug for the treatment of vata. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 25/40]

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The herbs having sweet, sour, salty, unctuous and hot qualities used in single or combination along with therapies like [[Snehana (unction therapy)|oleation]], fomentation, [[Asthapana|asthapana]] and [[Anuvasana|anuvasana]] types of [[Basti|enema]], inhalation, diet, massage, hot shower etc are helpful in the treatment of vatika disorders.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana20/13] </div>

=== Diagnostic and assessment tools ===

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~~Vatadosha~~ can be assessed by its functionality either normal ~~orabnormalthrough~~ subjective methods like ~~questionnairesand~~ objective methods. There are some objectives methods which may be used to assess the functions of vata. Currently, there are no validated and standardized tools for [[Dosha|dosha]] assessment within the [[Sharira|body]]. ~~Vatavriddhi~~ and kshaya features will be assessed through a subjective questionnaire Ayurvedic physicians assess the normalcy and abnormality through the ayurvedic principles of examination (pariksha).

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Vata dosha can be assessed by its functionality either normal or abnormal through subjective methods like questionnaires and objective methods. There are some objectives methods which may be used to assess the functions of vata. Currently, there are no validated and standardized tools for [[Dosha|dosha]] assessment within the [[Sharira|body]]. Vata vriddhi and kshaya features will be assessed through a subjective questionnaire Ayurvedic physicians assess the normalcy and abnormality through the ayurvedic principles of examination (pariksha).

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Some of the objective methods which may be used to assess the ~~normalfunctioning~~ of vata are:

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Some of the objective methods which may be used to assess the normal functioning of vata are:

<ul>

<li>Examination of senses like vision test, BERA(Brain evoked response audiometry)etc<ref name="multiple12">Zizlavsky S, Sriyana AA, Airlangga TJ, Restuti RD. Brain evoked response audiometry recording from the mastoid and earlobe electrodes in normal-hearing children. Med J Malaysia. 2022 May;77(3):320-323.</ref>.</li>

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<li>Assessment of autonomic function test<ref name="multiple18">Cheshire WP, Freeman R, Gibbons CH, Cortelli P, Wenning GK, Hilz MJ, Spies JM, Lipp A, Sandroni P, Wada N, Mano A, Ah Kim H, Kimpinski K, Iodice V, Idiáquez J, Thaisetthawatkul P, Coon EA, Low PA, Singer W. Electrodiagnostic assessment of the autonomic nervous system: A consensus statement endorsed by the American Autonomic Society, American Academy of Neurology, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021 Feb;132(2):666-682.</ref></li>

<li>Nerve conduction velocity test<ref name="multiple19">Akiguchi I. [Nerve function test--sensory nerve conduction velocity (author's transl)]. RinshoByori. 1978 Nov;26(11):909-15.</ref></li></ul>

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Application of all such tests will serve as a powerful analytical tool for ~~assessingvatadosha~~. </div>

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Application of all such tests will serve as a powerful analytical tool for assessing vata dosha. </div>

== Future area of research ==

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The critical area of research ~~isthe~~ preparation of a validated and standardization of questionnaires for ~~vatakshaya~~, ~~vatavriddhi~~, and normal functioning of vata to assess the state of vata. [[Guna|Guna]] based assessment of vata and incorporation of objectivity in assessment of vata through biological, immunological parameters is needed. Evaluation of sensory and motor function and hormonal function of the [[Sharira|body]] and its correlation with functioning of various types of vata ~~andmultiple~~ stages of vata. Role of nutritional and lifestyle modification in the maintenance of vata. Assessment of vata state in various physiological changes like the deep sea, high altitude, space physiology, and during sleep. </div>

+

The critical area of research is the preparation of a validated and standardization of questionnaires for vata kshaya, vata vriddhi, and normal functioning of vata to assess the state of vata. [[Guna|Guna]] based assessment of vata and incorporation of objectivity in assessment of vata through biological, immunological parameters is needed. Evaluation of sensory and motor function and hormonal function of the [[Sharira|body]] and its correlation with functioning of various types of vata and multiple stages of vata. Role of nutritional and lifestyle modification in the maintenance of vata. Assessment of vata state in various physiological changes like the deep sea, high altitude, space physiology, and during sleep. </div>

=== Thesis done ===

<ol>

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<li>Vaje R.P. (1986): ~~Vatadoshavichara~~( a comparative study with nervous system), Tilak ~~AyurvedMahavidyalaya~~, Savitribai Phule, Pune university. This study tried to correlate various parts of nervous system of vata types.</li>

+

<li>Vaje R.P. (1986): Vata dosha vichara (a comparative study with nervous system), Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Savitribai Phule, Pune university. This study tried to correlate various parts of nervous system of vata types.</li>

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<li>~~SaleyS~~.R.(1988): Classical and present day ~~doshaprovocative~~ specially ~~vatadosha~~, Tilak ~~AyurvedMahavidyalaya~~, Savitribai Phule Pune university.</li>

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<li>Saley S.R.(1988): Classical and present day dosha provocative specially vata dosha, Tilak Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Savitribai Phule Pune university.</li>

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<li>~~MankarA~~.S.(2010): Study of ~~vatasthana~~ with the help of ~~bastiw~~.s.r. to ~~janusandhigatavata~~ (osteoarthritis of knee joint), Dept. of ~~sharirarachana~~, Tilak Maharashtra University. This experimental study revalidated the statement of acharya ~~Charakin~~ context of prime sthana of vata.</li>

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<li>Mankar A.S.(2010): Study of vata sthana with the help of basti w.s.r. to janu sandhigata vata (osteoarthritis of knee joint), Dept. of sharira rachana, Tilak Maharashtra University. This experimental study revalidated the statement of acharya Charak in context of prime sthana of vata.</li>

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<li>~~GuraoR~~.P.(2016): Development of assessment criteria of ~~laghuguna~~ of vata and its applied aspect in sthaulya w s r to ~~vidangadichurna~~, Dept. of Kriya Sharir, DSRRAU, Rajasthan.</li>

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<li>Gurao R.P.(2016): Development of assessment criteria of laghu guna of vata and its applied aspect in sthaulya w s r to vidangadi churna, Dept. of Kriya Sharir, DSRRAU, Rajasthan.</li>

</ol> </div>

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'''Significance of arterial stiffness in [[Tridosha|Tridosha]] analysis: ''' <br/>

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The study assessed the large changes in arterial stiffness among [[Tridosha|Tridosha]] locales and quantified arterial stiffness using ~~NadiTarangini~~, a pulse acquisition method. Significant differences were found between [[Tridosha|Tridosha]] locations, which can be applied to Ayurvedic interventional studies.<ref name="multiple20">Kumar PV, Deshpande S, Joshi A, More P, Nagendra HR. Significance of arterial stiffness in Tridosha analysis: A pilot study. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2017 Oct 1;8(4):252-6.</ref>

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The study assessed the large changes in arterial stiffness among [[Tridosha|Tridosha]] locales and quantified arterial stiffness using Nadi Tarangini, a pulse acquisition method. Significant differences were found between [[Tridosha|Tridosha]] locations, which can be applied to Ayurvedic interventional studies.<ref name="multiple20">Kumar PV, Deshpande S, Joshi A, More P, Nagendra HR. Significance of arterial stiffness in Tridosha analysis: A pilot study. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2017 Oct 1;8(4):252-6.</ref>

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'''Heart rate variability analysis in the assessment of [[Dosha|dosha]] imbalance:''' <br/>

+

'''Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in the assessment of [[Dosha|dosha]] imbalance:''' <br/>

This study compared the spectral analysis of heart rate variability data with clinical assessment of [[Dosha|dosha]] pathology in 42 study participants and found significant concordance. This study indicates the use and applicability of HRV in evaluating intricate [[Dosha|dosha]] imbalances and other criteria, such as dhatu imbalance.<ref name="multiple21">Manohar PR, Sorokin O, Chacko J, Nampoothiri V. An exploratory clinical study to determine the utility of heart rate variability analysis in the assessment of dosha imbalance. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. 2018 Apr 1;9(2):126-30.</ref>

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'''Vagus nerve serve as biomarker for ~~vatadosha~~ activity: ''' <br/>

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'''Vagus nerve serve as biomarker for vata dosha activity: ''' <br/>

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The parasympathetic vagus nerve's survival and homeostatic activities and those controlled ~~bythe~~ five main subtypes of ~~vatadosha~~ were strongly connected in this discussion article. According to the paper, vagal activity is a trustworthy potential biomarker for significant ~~vatadoshafunctions~~.<ref name="multiple22">Sumantran VN, Nair PP. Can the vagus nerve serve as biomarker for vatadoshaactivity?. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. 2019 Apr 1;10(2):146-51.</ref>

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The parasympathetic vagus nerve's survival and homeostatic activities and those controlled by the five main subtypes of vata dosha were strongly connected in this discussion article. According to the paper, vagal activity is a trustworthy potential biomarker for significant vata dosha functions. <ref name="multiple22">Sumantran VN, Nair PP. Can the vagus nerve serve as biomarker for vatadoshaactivity?. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. 2019 Apr 1;10(2):146-51.</ref>

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'''Vata dynamics and cardiac disorders: ''' <br/>

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'''Vata dynamics and cardiac disorders: ''' <br/>Vata has the distinctive quality of Vega (movements), which moves in a specific direction, so its intensities can be measured with the use of contemporary methods. This review discusses specifics of these natural urges that cause cardiovascular disorders(CVD) alone, as found in traditional Ayurvedic books, western medications, and technology that measures their intensity. Assessment of vata dynamics with modern technological tools help in prevention and management of CVD.<ref name="multiple23">Baikampady SV. Vata dynamics with special reference to cardiac disorders–a cross-disciplinary approach. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2020 Oct 1;11(4):432-9.</ref>

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Vata has the distinctive quality of Vega (movements), which moves in a specific direction, so its intensities can be measured with the use of contemporary methods. This review discusses specifics of these natural urges that cause cardiovascular disorders(CVD) alone, as found in traditional Ayurvedic books, western medications, and technology that measures their intensity. Assessment of vata dynamics with modern technological tools help in prevention and management of CVD.<ref name="multiple23">Baikampady SV. Vata dynamics with special reference to cardiac disorders–a cross-disciplinary approach. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2020 Oct 1;11(4):432-9.</ref> </div>

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