Changes

===Kaarana (cause)===

===Kaarana (cause)===

Kaarana is a cause, reason, source of anything. It is an instrument, means, motivating principle. [Shabdakalapadruma] In the medical context, the physician is kaarana (cause). He is the causative factor for the achievement of the object i.e. the maintenance of the equilibrium of [[dhatu]]. [Code:SAT-A.307]<ref name=NAMAS/> The one who does any work is kaarana (cause). Vaidya or doctor is the cause ([[hetu]]) or doer ([[karta]]).[Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/69] It is defined as the cause by which work is produced [Saptapadarthi],[Tarkasangraha].<ref name=Shiv>Shivhare R Heeralaal ,PadarthaVigyana, Kaarya-Kaarana Bhava evamVividha: chapter 6, chaukhamba Orientalia , 2014.</ref>The initial or dormant stage of work is known as kaarana or cause. All the factors that occur before the action or Kaarya can be called cause or kaarana.<ref name=Shiv/>

Kaarana is a cause, reason, source of anything. It is an instrument, means, motivating principle. [Shabdakalapadruma] In the medical context, the physician is kaarana (cause). He is the causative factor for the achievement of the object i.e. the maintenance of the equilibrium of [[dhatu]]. [Code:SAT-A.307]<ref name=NAMAS/> The one who does any work is kaarana (cause). Vaidya or doctor is the cause ([[hetu]]) or doer ([[karta]]).[Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/69] It is defined as the cause by which work is produced [Saptapadarthi],[Tarkasangraha].<ref name=Shiv>Shivhare R Heeralaal ,PadarthaVigyana, Kaarya-Kaarana Bhava evamVividha: chapter 6, chaukhamba Orientalia , 2014.</ref>The initial or dormant stage of work is known as kaarana or cause. All the factors that occur before the action or Kaarya can be called cause or kaarana.<ref name=Shiv/>

'''Characteristics of kaarana:'''

'''Characteristics of kaarana:'''

#Purva bhava (primordial existence): Purva bhava means the factors (bhava) which occur first. The bhava which comes after it is called ‘anuvarti bhava’or ‘kaarya’. It is present already just before the action. For example, the thread is the primordial causative factor for the cloth. Thread is the main building material for cloth without which cloth formation does not occur.

#Purva bhava (primordial existence): Purva bhava means the factors (bhava) which occur first. The bhava which comes after it is called ‘anuvarti bhava’or ‘kaarya’. It is present already just before the action. For example, the thread is the primordial causative factor for the cloth. Thread is the main building material for cloth without which cloth formation does not occur.

#Niyatatva (continuous existence): The cause (kaarana) is continuously present in the action (kaarya) is called ‘niyatatva’. Eg. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative organism for manifestation of tuberculosis.

#Niyatatva (continuous existence): The cause (kaarana) is continuously present in the action (kaarya) is called ‘niyatatva’. Eg. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative organism for manifestation of tuberculosis.

#Ananyathasiddhi (mandatory existence): These are the mandatory factors without which the action (karya) can not be initiated. These factors can't be replaced by any other factors. For example, fuel and fire are mandatory to cook food. Without them, preparation of food is not possible. Similarly, for the treatment (chikitsa karma), it is necessary to have all four factors viz. doctor (Vaidya), drug (dravya), nurse (upasthata) and patient (rogi).[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 9/11,12]

#Ananyathasiddhi (mandatory existence): These are the mandatory factors without which the action (karya) can not be initiated. These factors can't be replaced by any other factors. For example, fuel and fire are mandatory to cook food. Without them, preparation of food is not possible. Similarly, for the treatment (chikitsa karma), it is necessary to have all four factors viz. doctor (Vaidya), drug (dravya), nurse (upasthata) and patient (rogi).[Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 9/11,12]

'''Etiological factors:'''

'''Etiological factors:'''