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→Types of pramana:
4. Logical reasoning(yukti) [Charak Samhita [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/ 17].
4. Logical reasoning(yukti) [Charak Samhita [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/ 17].
1) Perception/inspection (Pratyaksha pramana): It is the primary source of knowledge obtained through perception by senses. It is obtained by the contact of senses with the external object. It includes harmony of atma (soul), mana (mind) and indriya (senses) for proper perception and process of knowledge. [Charak Samhita [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/20].
'''1) Perception/inspection (Pratyaksha pramana):'''
It is the primary source of knowledge obtained through perception by senses. It is obtained by the contact of senses with the external object. It includes harmony of atma (soul), mana (mind) and indriya (senses) for proper perception and process of knowledge. [Charak Samhita [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/20].
'''2) Inference (Anumana pramana):'''
4) Logical reasoning (Yukti pramana): It is based on the application and comprehension of information obtained from various sources. It is a practice based expedient source of knowledge. [Charak Samhita [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/23]
This is the inferential source of knowledge. It intends to assume a phenomenon based on past knowledge and can help in deriving the future prognosis as well. Anumana pramana is largely based on the previous knowledge obtained from the Pratyaksha pramana. [Charak Samhita [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/21-22]
'''3) Authoritative statement / known fact (Aptopadesha pramana):'''
It is the authoritative statement obtained from a valid source of knowledge. The primary source of knowledge asserted by one worthy of true knowledge. [Charak Samhita [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/18-19] It is also known as ‘shabda pramana’.
'''4) Logical reasoning (Yukti pramana):'''
It is based on the application and comprehension of information obtained from various sources. It is a practice based expedient source of knowledge. [Charak Samhita [[Sutra Sthana]] 11/23]
'''5. Analogy (Upamana pramana):'''
Some ancient scholars include ‘upamana’ as one of the pramana. It is obtaining knowledge about an unknown phenomenon by its comparison with similar known object. The knowledge between two similar phenomena can be obtained by this method. As it requires previous knowledge regarding similar object and assumptions about unknown object are made.
Some ancient scholars include ‘upamana’ as one of the pramana. It is obtaining knowledge about an unknown phenomenon by its comparison with similar known object. The knowledge between two similar phenomena can be obtained by this method. As it requires previous knowledge regarding similar object and assumptions about unknown object are made.
6. Method of presumption (Arthapatti pramana):-
'''6. Method of presumption (Arthapatti pramana):'''
This pramana is accepted by bot streams viz. purva-mimansa and uttar mimansa. It is the method of presumption or preposition. The fact is presumed as a result of contradiction between two known facts. It is the assumption of an unperceived fact in order to reconcile two apparently inconsistent perceived facts.
This pramana is accepted by bot streams viz. purva-mimansa and uttar mimansa. It is the method of presumption or preposition. The fact is presumed as a result of contradiction between two known facts. It is the assumption of an unperceived fact in order to reconcile two apparently inconsistent perceived facts.
7. Authoritative statement (Aitihya pramana):
'''7. Authoritative statement (Aitihya pramana):'''
This is similar to aptopadesha pramana described earlier. It refers to obtaining references or knowledge from the veda.
This is similar to aptopadesha pramana described earlier. It refers to obtaining references or knowledge from the veda.