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→Role of urine in etiopahogenesis and clinical features of diseases
===Role of urine in etiopahogenesis and clinical features of diseases===
===Role of urine in etiopahogenesis and clinical features of diseases===
*Suppression of urge of micturition is a causative factor for endogenous generalized edema (shopha)[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 18/6], abdominal lump (gulma)[Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]]3/6], progressive wasting disease(shosha)[Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 6/6].
*Suppression of the urge of micturition is one of six types of udavarta (disease due to reverse movement of vata)[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 20/3]
There are eight types of presentations of difficulty in micturition as per the causative factors. [ Cha. Sa. Nidana Sthana 4/33-44]
Type Clinical Signs/ Symptoms
*Obstinate Urinary Disorders including diabetes (prameha) is characterized by excessive quantity of urine with altered characteristics. Excess fluid content of the body (kleda), vitiated [[kapha]] and fat (medas) enter the kidney (vrikka) and urinary bladder (basti).These factors vitiate urine (mutra) and increase its turbidity and frequency. The different morbid conditions are named after characteristic changes in urine due to vitiated dosha. [Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]]4/9]
Vata predominant Severe pain in groins, urinary bladder and genitals, increased frequency and scanty urine
Pitta predominant Yellowish or reddish discoloration, haematuria with pain, burning sensation; urine passes frequently and with difficulty
==='''Dysuria (mutrakrichchra)'''===
Kapha predominant Heaviness and oedema in urinary bladder and phallus, slimy urine
Sannipatika (tridosha) type Mixed symptoms, difficult to cure
There are eight types of presentations of difficulty in micturition as per the causative factors.[Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]]4/33-44]
Due to urinary calculus • pain in urinary bladder and perineum, phallus and hypogastric region
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Type!!Clinical Signs/ Symptoms
|-
Due to gravels • the small fragments (gravels) get passed along with the urine
|Vata predominant||Severe pain in groins, urinary bladder and genitals, increased frequency and scanty urine
Due to obstruction by semen • pain in the groin, urinary bladder, and phallus
|-
|Pitta predominant||Yellowish or reddish discoloration, haematuria with pain, burning sensation; urine passes frequently and with difficulty
Due to trauma (kshataja) • severe pain and heaviness in the region of bladder
|-
|Kapha predominant||Heaviness and oedema in urinary bladder and phallus, slimy urine
|-
|Sannipatika (tridosha) type|| Mixed symptoms, difficult to cure
|-
|Due to urinary calculus|| •pain in urinary bladder and perineum, phallus and hypogastric region
•Urine is passed in divided streams
•Because of pain; the patient squeezes the phallus and frequently voids stool and urine.
•haematuria
|-
|Due to gravels || the small fragments (gravels) get passed along with the urine
|-
|Due to obstruction by semen||• pain in the groin, urinary bladder, and phallus
•swollen, stiff and intensely painful testicles
|-
|Due to trauma (kshataja)||•severe pain and heaviness in the region of bladder
•distention of abdomen
|}
Other urinary disorders (mutra dosha) [Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 9/25-26]
Other urinary disorders (mutra dosha) [Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 9/25-26]
• Circular distension of bladder (bastikundala)
• Circular distension of bladder (bastikundala)
Above listed disorders are observed in current clinical practices.
Above listed disorders are observed in current clinical practices.
==Management of urinary disorders ==
==Management of urinary disorders ==
===Management of increased state===
===Management of increased state===