Changes

=== Description of ''shukra'' (Verse 4-6) ===

=== Description of ''shukra'' (Verse 4-6) ===

The word ''shukra'' referred here is described under the term ''beeja'' in the context of factors responsible for conception in different texts [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 11/23],[Su.Sa[[Sharira Sthana]] 2/33]<ref name=Susruta/>, [A.S.Sharira Sthana 1/68]<ref name=Sangraha/>, [K.Sa.Sharira Sthana 5/5]. The author also uses ''aartava''(ovum) and ''shukra'' (sperm) interchangeably with the word ''beeja''. [Dalhana on[Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 2/33]<ref name=Susruta/> Similarly, healthy ''pum-beeja'' (quality sperm) is taken with ''shuddha shukra''. [Arunadatta on A.H.Sharira Sthana 1/8-9]<ref name=Hridaya/> Regarding the constituents and sources of ''shukra'', it is stated that all the four ''mahabhutas'' (i.e., all except ''akasha'') equally contribute in creating semen and the best qualities of these four constituents produce pure semen [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 2/4] otherwise it becomes abnormal [Gangadara on Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 2/4] Though semen is ''panchabhautika'', ''akasha'' is not mentioned here since it does not have any kinetic property. Thus, ejaculated semen is said to be ''chatushpada''. However, ''akasha'' being all pervasive, it combines with semen in the uterus (where the semen finally becomes ''panchabhautika'').  

The word ''shukra'' referred here is described under the term ''beeja'' in the context of factors responsible for conception in different texts [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 11/23],[Su.Sa[[Sharira Sthana]] 2/33]<ref name=Susruta/>, [A.S.Sharira Sthana 1/68]<ref name=Sangraha/>, [K.Sa.Sharira Sthana 5/5]<ref name=Kashyapa/>. The author also uses ''aartava''(ovum) and ''shukra'' (sperm) interchangeably with the word ''beeja''. [Dalhana on[Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 2/33]<ref name=Susruta/> Similarly, healthy ''pum-beeja'' (quality sperm) is taken with ''shuddha shukra''. [Arunadatta on A.H.Sharira Sthana 1/8-9]<ref name=Hridaya/> Regarding the constituents and sources of ''shukra'', it is stated that all the four ''mahabhutas'' (i.e., all except ''akasha'') equally contribute in creating semen and the best qualities of these four constituents produce pure semen [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 2/4] otherwise it becomes abnormal [Gangadara on Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 2/4] Though semen is ''panchabhautika'', ''akasha'' is not mentioned here since it does not have any kinetic property. Thus, ejaculated semen is said to be ''chatushpada''. However, ''akasha'' being all pervasive, it combines with semen in the uterus (where the semen finally becomes ''panchabhautika'').  

The semen createdfrom a six-''rasa'' diet is said to be pure. Excessive use of ''madhura rasa'' promotes semen while ''amla'' etc. destroys it. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana 2/4] It is also found that if there is unvitiated ''shukra'', healthy ''shonita'', healthy ''garbhashaya'', and observation of prescribed diets and specific lifestyles for both male and female partners, conception is definite. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/17], [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/125-26]; [A.S.Uttara Sthana 39/79]<ref name=Sangraha/>; [A.H.Uttara Sthana 34/61-62]<ref name=Hridaya/> The word ''sampad'' is related to all ''shukra, asriga, atma'', ''ashaya'' and ''kala''. Unafflicted (''adushta'') ''shukra'', ''asriga'' and ''ashaya'', conjugation of soul with ''shukra-shonita'', having auspicious deeds, and normal season (i.e., no extremities in weather conditions etc.) are characteristics of ideal factors for a healthy conception. From the standpoint of ''kala'', or time,  the ideal time  for delivery is ninth or tenth month of pregnancy [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 2/6] and [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 4/25] as up to this time the fetus gets well developed.  

The semen createdfrom a six-''rasa'' diet is said to be pure. Excessive use of ''madhura rasa'' promotes semen while ''amla'' etc. destroys it. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana 2/4] It is also found that if there is unvitiated ''shukra'', healthy ''shonita'', healthy ''garbhashaya'', and observation of prescribed diets and specific lifestyles for both male and female partners, conception is definite. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/17], [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/125-26]; [A.S.Uttara Sthana 39/79]<ref name=Sangraha/>; [A.H.Uttara Sthana 34/61-62]<ref name=Hridaya/> The word ''sampad'' is related to all ''shukra, asriga, atma'', ''ashaya'' and ''kala''. Unafflicted (''adushta'') ''shukra'', ''asriga'' and ''ashaya'', conjugation of soul with ''shukra-shonita'', having auspicious deeds, and normal season (i.e., no extremities in weather conditions etc.) are characteristics of ideal factors for a healthy conception. From the standpoint of ''kala'', or time,  the ideal time  for delivery is ninth or tenth month of pregnancy [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 2/6] and [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 4/25] as up to this time the fetus gets well developed.  

It is said that due to its specific nature, the ''garbha'' descends for labor in its appropriate time. [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana 8/7-8]<ref name=Susruta/> Development of ''vairagya'' (indifference) by fetus from its intrauterine stay [H.Sa.6th sthana.1/23] and attainment of full maturity of the body [Bh.Sa.Sharira Sthana 3/13] are also responsible for delivery of a mature fetus in proper time and with ease. (6)

It is said that due to its specific nature, the ''garbha'' descends for labor in its appropriate time. [Su.Sa.Nidana Sthana 8/7-8]<ref name=Susruta/> Development of ''vairagya'' (indifference) by fetus from its intrauterine stay [H.Sa.6th sthana.1/23]<ref name=Harita>Harita, Harita Samhita. Edited by Harihariprasad Tripati. 2nd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy; 2009</ref> and attainment of full maturity of the body [Bh.Sa.Sharira Sthana 3/13]<ref name=Bhela/> are also responsible for delivery of a mature fetus in proper time and with ease. (6)

=== Factors affecting conception (Verse 7) ===

=== Factors affecting conception (Verse 7) ===