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Ayurveda defines health as a personified state of equilibrium of body components like [[dosha]], [[dhatu]], [[mala]] and [[agni]] with blissful state of mind and spirit.<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Doshadhatumala Kshayavriddhi Vigyaniya Adhyaya 15/48, Ayurveda Tatva Sandipika commentary by Dr. Ambika Datta Shastri, 14 th ed. New Delhi: Chaukhamba publications; 2003.</ref> In addition, it also emphasizes on normal physique, sensori-motor functions, appetite, thirst, endurance to heat, cold and exertion for assessment of status of health.[[Ashtauninditiya_Adhyaya#The_importance_of_ideal_body_proportion|[Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/18-19]]] The healthcare system of Ayurveda includes four components like physician, therapeutic substance, care taker and patient. Ayurveda emphasizes on importance of best qualities of these components to achieve maximum efficacy in healthcare management.[[Khuddakachatushpada Adhyaya|[Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 9]]]

Ayurveda defines health as a personified state of equilibrium of body components like [[dosha]], [[dhatu]], [[mala]] and [[agni]] with blissful state of mind and spirit.<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Doshadhatumala Kshayavriddhi Vigyaniya Adhyaya 15/48, Ayurveda Tatva Sandipika commentary by Dr. Ambika Datta Shastri, 14 th ed. New Delhi: Chaukhamba publications; 2003.</ref> In addition, it also emphasizes on normal physique, sensori-motor functions, appetite, thirst, endurance to heat, cold and exertion for assessment of status of health.[[Ashtauninditiya_Adhyaya#The_importance_of_ideal_body_proportion|[Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/18-19]]] The healthcare system of Ayurveda includes four components like physician, therapeutic substance, care taker and patient. Ayurveda emphasizes on importance of best qualities of these components to achieve maximum efficacy in healthcare management.[[Khuddakachatushpada Adhyaya|[Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 9]]]

===Fundamental principles===

=== Fundamental principles===

 

=== Academic perspectives ===

The Ayurvedic system of healthcare owes its own fundamental principles and methodology in every aspects. In academic perspectives, the compendiums of Ayurveda elaborately describe the standards of a medical treatise; writing, teaching and learning methodologies; communication and debate codes with the dispute resolution techniques.[[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana|[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/3-67]]]  

The Ayurvedic system of healthcare owes its own fundamental principles and methodology in every aspects. In academic perspectives, the compendiums of Ayurveda elaborately describe the standards of a medical treatise; writing, teaching and learning methodologies; communication and debate codes with the dispute resolution techniques.[[Rogabhishagjitiya Vimana|[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/3-67]]]  

In perspective of medical and human biological understandings, the [[Yajjah Purushiya Adhyaya|origin of human being]], [[Pancha mahabhuta|fundamental elements]], unification with [[Atma|soul]], [[Atulyagotriya_Sharira#Pre-requisites_for_conception_.28Verse_3.29|conception]], [[Mahatigarbhavakranti Sharira|embryonic development]], [[Prenatal care (garbhini paricharya)|prenatal care]] and its benefits to prevent congenital disorders, [[Sharira sthana|the anatomical and physiological concepts, fundamental body constitution and psychological traits, statistical analysis and classification]] are described. The physiological aspects of body i.e. [[dosha]], [[dhatu]] and [[mala]], biological transportation systems, [[Grahani Chikitsa Adhyaya|processes of digestion and metabolism]] are extensively discussed with analogies.

=== Understanding human being ===

In pathological understanding abnormalities and disease diagnosis, the [[Rogabhishagjitiya_Vimana#Ten_factors_for_examination_in_therapeutics|methods of clinical examination[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 79-133]]]; diagnostic methods without any invasive techniques; diagnosis by perception, observation, palpation and interrogation methods[[Trividha_Roga_Vishesha_Vijnaniya_Vimana#Three_methods_for_knowledge_of_disease|[Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 4/3-8]]]; classification of diseases based on abnormalities of basic body constituents[[Maharoga_Adhyaya|[Cha.Sa, Sutra Sthana Chapter 20]]]; [[Shatkriyakala|six stages of disease progression]]; [[Kha vaigunya|opportunistic susceptibilities]] for disease states; and comprehensive knowledge of pathologies of major diseases[[Nidana Sthana|[Cha. Sa. Nidana Sthana]]] is present. The tools to know endogenous and exogenous diseases with their important causes, features, pathogenesis are also described.   

 

 

In pathological understanding abnormalities and disease diagnosis, the [[Rogabhishagjitiya_Vimana#Ten_factors_for_examination_in_therapeutics|methods of clinical examination[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 79-133]]]; diagnostic methods without any invasive techniques; diagnosis by perception, observation, palpation and interrogation methods[[Trividha_Roga_Vishesha_Vijnaniya_Vimana#Three_methods_for_knowledge_of_disease|[Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 4/3-8]]]; classification of diseases based on abnormalities of basic body constituents[[Maharoga_Adhyaya|[Cha.Sa, Sutra Sthana Chapter 20]]]; [[Shatkriyakala|six stages of disease progression]]; [[Kha vaigunya|opportunistic susceptibilities]] for disease states; and comprehensive knowledge of pathologies of major diseases[[Nidana Sthana|[Cha. Sa. Nidana Sthana]]] is present. The tools to know endogenous and exogenous diseases with their important causes, features, pathogenesis are also described. The near death or fatal signs and factors to be considered in examination of a critically ill patient are described in a separate section. [Cha.Sa. [[Indriya Sthana]]]    

 

Ayurveda deals with basic understanding of [[Prakriti|fundamental constitution]] of any substance of medicinal or dietary value, its interactions with human biology, pharmaco-therapeutic activity, indications and contra-indications, [[Satmya|suitability]] and heterogenicity, its processing guidelines, storage guidelines, safety and efficacy profiles.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] chapters 25-28] Classification of herbs is based upon their activity profile.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] chapters 1-4] Classification of dietary substances is based upon their forms and cooking methods.[[Annapanavidhi Adhyaya| Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana Chapter 27]] Special [[Ahara vidhi|dietary guidelines]] are described to achieve greater health benefits. Behaviour guidelines, codes of conducts are described to prevent lifestyle disorders.[[Indriyopakramaniya Adhyaya| Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana Chapter 8]]  

Ayurveda deals with basic understanding of [[Prakriti|fundamental constitution]] of any substance of medicinal or dietary value, its interactions with human biology, pharmaco-therapeutic activity, indications and contra-indications, [[Satmya|suitability]] and heterogenicity, its processing guidelines, storage guidelines, safety and efficacy profiles.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] chapters 25-28] Classification of herbs is based upon their activity profile.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] chapters 1-4] Classification of dietary substances is based upon their forms and cooking methods.[[Annapanavidhi Adhyaya| Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana Chapter 27]] Special [[Ahara vidhi|dietary guidelines]] are described to achieve greater health benefits. Behaviour guidelines, codes of conducts are described to prevent lifestyle disorders.[[Indriyopakramaniya Adhyaya| Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana Chapter 8]]  

Good portion of the compendiums deal with guidelines of preservation, promotion and protection of health.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] chapters 5-8] The management of diseases with purification procedures, pacification treatments and surgery are elaborated in respective sections[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] chapters 1-30].Five procedures of purification ([[Panchakarma]]), six methods of management ([[Langhanabrimhaniya Adhyaya|shadvidhopakrama]]), application of alkali, cautery and leeches are included in main forms of treatment.                

 

Good portion of the compendiums deal with guidelines of preservation, promotion and protection of health.[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] chapters 5-8] The management of diseases with purification procedures, pacification treatments and surgery are elaborated in respective sections[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] chapters 1-30].Five procedures of purification ([[Panchakarma]]), six methods of management ([[Langhanabrimhaniya Adhyaya|shadvidhopakrama]]), application of alkali, cautery and leeches are included in main forms of treatment.

== Eight specialties of Ayurveda ==

== Eight specialties of Ayurveda ==