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→Contemporary approach
== Contemporary approach ==
== Contemporary approach ==
Majja dhatu can be referred as bone marrow tissue in contemporary physiology. The following information is available and can be referred to further understand concept of majja dhatu.
Majja dhatu can be referred to as bone marrow tissue in contemporary physiology. The following information is available and can be referred to further understand the concept of majja dhatu.
Form and siteBone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones.
===Form and site===
Functions
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones.
Bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis. Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day, which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity. All types of hematopoietic cells, including both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, are created in bone marrow; however, lymphoid cells must migrate to other lymphoid organs (e.g. thymus) in order to complete maturation.
Mesenchymal stem cells
===Composition===
The bone marrow stroma contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These are also known as marrow stromal cells. These are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. MSCs have been shown to differentiate, in vitro or in vivo,into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, marrow adipocytes and beta-pancreatic islets cells.
It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells.
Investigation techniques
Imaging
===Quantity===
Bone marrow comprises approximately 5% of total body mass in healthy adult humans.
===Functions===
Bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis. Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day, which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity. All types of hematopoietic cells, including both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, are created in the bone marrow; however, lymphoid cells must migrate to other lymphoid organs (e.g. thymus) in order to complete maturation.
'''Mesenchymal stem cells'''
The bone marrow stroma contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These are also known as marrow stromal cells. These are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. MSCs have been shown to differentiate, in vitro or in vivo, into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, marrow adipocytes and beta-pancreatic islets cells.
===Investigation techniques===
'''Imaging'''
CT imaging is useful for assessing the marrow cavity of bones, although with low sensitivity and specificity.
CT imaging is useful for assessing the marrow cavity of bones, although with low sensitivity and specificity.
MRI is more sensitive and specific for assessing bone composition. MRI enables assessment of the average molecular composition of soft tissues, and thus provides information regarding the relative fat content of marrow.
MRI is more sensitive and specific for assessing bone composition. MRI enables assessment of the average molecular composition of soft tissues, and thus provides information regarding the relative fat content of marrow.
Pathological studies
'''Pathological studies'''
Histopathological studies of bone marrow are carried out by obtaining samples of bone marrow via biopsy and bone marrow aspiration. Bone marrow examination is used in the diagnosis of a number of conditions, including leukemia, multiple myeloma, anemia, and pancytopenia.
Histopathological studies of bone marrow are carried out by obtaining samples of bone marrow via biopsy and bone marrow aspiration. Bone marrow examination is used in the diagnosis of a number of conditions, including leukemia, multiple myeloma, anemia, and pancytopenia.
Donation and transplantation
Bone marrow transplants can be conducted to treat severe diseases of the bone marrow, including certain forms of cancer such as leukemia. Additionally, bone marrow stem cells have been successfully transformed into functional neural cells, and can also potentially be used to treat illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease.
===Donation and transplantation===
Bone marrow transplants can be conducted to treat severe diseases of the bone marrow, including certain forms of cancer such as leukemia. Additionally, bone marrow stem cells have been successfully transformed into functional neural cells, and can also potentially be used to treat illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease.
==Current researches ==
==Current researches ==