Changes

• '''Quantity and measurement:'''

• '''Quantity and measurement:'''

   

   

The total weight of fat in an average human adult measures about 13.5 kg. There are 30 billion fat cells. In case of excess weight gain, the fat cells show a fourfold increase in size before dividing and increasing the absolute number of fat cells present.<ref>Robert P (2001). Fat: fighting the obesity epidemic. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. pp. 68. ISBN 978-0-19-511853-7.

The total weight of fat in an average human adult measures about 13.5 kg. There are 30 billion fat cells. In case of excess weight gain, the fat cells show a fourfold increase in size before dividing and increasing the absolute number of fat cells present.<ref>Robert P (2001). Fat: fighting the obesity epidemic. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. pp. 68. ISBN 978-0-19-511853-7</ref>

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• '''Functions:'''

• '''Functions:'''

'''Storage of fat:'''

'''Storage of fat:'''

   

   

The fat is stored in the body for energy in case of starvation. The white fat cells store fat in a semi-liquid state. It is composed primarily of triglycerides and cholesteryl ester. White fat cells secrete many proteins acting as adipokines such as resistin, adiponectin, leptin and apelin.  

The fat is stored in the body for energy in case of starvation. The white fat cells store fat in a semi-liquid state. It is composed primarily of triglycerides and cholesteryl ester. White fat cells secrete many proteins acting as adipokines such as resistin, adiponectin, leptin and apelin.<ref>KAvailable from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocyte#cite_note-:0-3 cited on 18/05/2020</ref>

'''Generation of heat:'''

'''Generation of heat:'''

This pathophysiology can be linked as follows:  

This pathophysiology can be linked as follows:  

Excess nutrition leads to the expansion of fat mass and an increase in the size of adipocytes (hypertrophy).  This leads to obesity. In the fat cells of obese individuals, there is increased production of metabolism modulators, such as glycerol, hormones, macrophage stimulating chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the development of insulin resistance.<ref>Kahn SE, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM (December 2006). "Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes". Nature. 444 (7121): 840-6. doi:10.1038/nature05482. PMID 17167471</ref> Insulin plays a major role in fat production in adipocytes, synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and stimulating lipogenesis. It also plays a role in the uptake of glucose by muscles.  The malfunctioning of insulin in turn leads to diabetes.

Excess nutrition leads to the expansion of fat mass and an increase in the size of adipocytes (hypertrophy).<ref>Bluher M (June 2009). "Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity". Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 117 (6): 241–50. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1192044. PMID 19358089</ref> This leads to obesity. In the fat cells of obese individuals, there is increased production of metabolism modulators, such as glycerol, hormones, macrophage stimulating chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the development of insulin resistance.<ref>Kahn SE, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM (December 2006). "Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes". Nature. 444 (7121): 840-6. doi:10.1038/nature05482. PMID 17167471</ref> Insulin plays a major role in fat production in adipocytes, synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and stimulating lipogenesis. It also plays a role in the uptake of glucose by muscles.<ref>Kahn BB, Flier JS (August 2000). "Obesity and insulin resistance". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 106 (4): 473–81. doi:10.1172/JCI10842. PMC 380258. PMID 10953022</ref> The malfunctioning of insulin in turn leads to diabetes.

==Current researches: ==

==Current researches: ==