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इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२|| <br />
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२|| <br />
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iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2|| <br />
iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2|| <br />
athAtaH puShpitakamindriyaM vyAkhyAsyAmaha||1|| <br />
athAtaH puShpitakamindriyaM vyAkhyAsyAmaha||1|| <br />
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2|| <br />
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2|| <br />
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Now We shall expound the chapter "Pushpitakamindriyam"(Fatal signs of Tactile and Olfactory perception). Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]
Note: The chapter deals with features of odor and taste indicating impending death.
====Definition of Arishta (fatal signs) ====
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पुष्पं यथा पूर्वरूपं फलस्येह भविष्यतः| <br />
तथा लिङ्गमरिष्टाख्यं पूर्वरूपं मरिष्यतः||३|| <br />
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puṣpaṁ yathā pūrvarūpaṁ phalasyēha bhaviṣyataḥ| <br />
tathā liṅgamariṣṭākhyaṁ pūrvarūpaṁ mariṣyataḥ||3||<br />
puShpaM yathA pUrvarUpaM phalasyeha bhaviShyataH| <br />
puShpaM yathA pUrvarUpaM phalasyeha bhaviShyataH| <br />
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Similarly as a flower predicts the future growth of a fruit, appearance of various types of ''arishta lakshanas'' denote the impending death. [3]
==== Importance of ''Arishta'' (fatal signs) ====
==== Importance of ''Arishta'' (fatal signs) ====
Symptoms of impending death of ''pushpita'' persons relating to the general variations in the taste and smell of individuals has been described here. Such symptoms lead to the death of the person. [23]
Symptoms of impending death of ''pushpita'' persons relating to the general variations in the taste and smell of individuals has been described here. Such symptoms lead to the death of the person. [23]
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles===
=== Tattva Vimarsha(Fundamental Principles) ===
*Death doesn’t occur without showing ''Arishta'' (fatal signs). One shall always be free from ''Prajnaparadha'' (intellectual errors) to identify and diagnose these signs correctly. [5-6]
*Death doesn’t occur without showing ''Arishta'' (fatal signs). One shall always be free from ''Prajnaparadha'' (intellectual errors) to identify and diagnose these signs correctly. [5-6]
*''Arishta'' related to ''Gandha - Pitta'' is primarily responsible factor for all odors as it has ''visra gandha''. When ''pitta'' reaches the ''twak'' or skin and exerts its ''visra gandha'' by ''bhrajaka pitta'', it’s odor is of sweat and sebum ???. In this way we can derive the cause and effect. All these verses describe how the various smells (both good as well as bad odors) emitted by the body of an individual without any appreciable causes denote the impending death of the person within a year.
*''Arishta'' related to ''Gandha - Pitta'' is primarily responsible factor for all odors as it has ''visra gandha''. When ''pitta'' reaches the ''twak'' or skin and exerts its ''visra gandha'' by ''bhrajaka pitta'', it’s odor is of sweat and sebum ???. In this way we can derive the cause and effect. All these verses describe how the various smells (both good as well as bad odors) emitted by the body of an individual without any appreciable causes denote the impending death of the person within a year.
=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences===
=== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ===
*''Arishta'' related to various odors (''Gandha''): These smells coming from the body of individuals represent manifestations of major metabolic disorder which is altering the normal smell of the body. For example, fruity odor in diabetes (ketoacidosis), odor of Ammonia in renal ? hepatic failure and fecal smell in high intestinal obstruction etc. [Verse 8-16]
*''Arishta'' related to various odors (''Gandha''): These smells coming from the body of individuals represent manifestations of major metabolic disorder which is altering the normal smell of the body. For example, fruity odor in diabetes (ketoacidosis), odor of Ammonia in renal ? hepatic failure and fecal smell in high intestinal obstruction etc. [Verse 8-16]
*''Arishta'' related to taste of the body (''Rasa'')and their examination: ''Gandha'' and other parameters can be examined by ''pratyaksha pramana'', but ''rasa'' is always examined by ''anumana pramana'' or by inference because of lack of laboratory investigations. For example, If flies and ants are attracted towards the body – then it is inferred that the taste of the body has become sweet and if the lice, mosquitoes etc. started leaving the patient’s body, it is inferred that the patient’s body has developed excessive distaste. This information can be helpful in certain rural areas of the world. [Verse 17-22]
*''Arishta'' related to taste of the body (''Rasa'')and their examination: ''Gandha'' and other parameters can be examined by ''pratyaksha pramana'', but ''rasa'' is always examined by ''anumana pramana'' or by inference because of lack of laboratory investigations. For example, If flies and ants are attracted towards the body – then it is inferred that the taste of the body has become sweet and if the lice, mosquitoes etc. started leaving the patient’s body, it is inferred that the patient’s body has developed excessive distaste. This information can be helpful in certain rural areas of the world. [Verse 17-22]
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