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→Components of satmya
For understanding and application in the field of health care, following are the components of satmya.
For understanding and application in the field of health care, following are the components of satmya.
*Prakritisatmya:
'''*Prakritisatmya:'''
It refers to the diet and lifestyle agreeable to natural constitution of the person. Certain regimen is inherently suitable to one’s natural constitution.For example, the food having sweet, sour and salty taste is inherently suitable for a person with vata dominant constitution, because these tastes naturally pacify vatadosha. All tastes are suitable for a person with balanced constitution involving equilibrium of all dosha. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/41]
It refers to the diet and lifestyle agreeable to natural constitution of the person. Certain regimen is inherently suitable to one’s natural constitution.For example, the food having sweet, sour and salty taste is inherently suitable for a person with vata dominant constitution, because these tastes naturally pacify vatadosha. All tastes are suitable for a person with balanced constitution involving equilibrium of all dosha. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/41]
*Deshasatmya:
'''*Deshasatmya:'''
Desha satmya refers to suitability and adaptation in a particular geographical area.
Desha satmya refers to suitability and adaptation in a particular geographical area.
‘Desha denotes the geographic region relating to that substance(s), suitable to the area. The food items growing in a region inherently havehas specific properties. For example, those growing in arid area are light to digest and those in marshy area are heavy to digest. Likewise, the animals also possess qualities according to that region. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22(5)]
‘Desha denotes the geographic region relating to that substance(s), suitable to the area. The food items growing in a region inherently havehas specific properties. For example, those growing in arid area are light to digest and those in marshy area are heavy to digest. Likewise, the animals also possess qualities according to that region. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22(5)]
• People from south are used to the intake of peya(thin gruel) , and people from north are habituated to the consumption of mantha.
• People from south are used to the intake of peya(thin gruel) , and people from north are habituated to the consumption of mantha.
• People from central part are accustomed to the use of yava(barley), godhuma(wheat) and gorasa(milk). [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 30/315-18]
• People from central part are accustomed to the use of yava(barley), godhuma(wheat) and gorasa(milk). [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/315-18]
Apart from this, deshasatmya also means that which is suitable for a group. For example, madhura (sweet taste) is suitable to increase group of tissues. It is also applied to denote suitability for an organ or body part. E.g. chakshushya (suitable for eyes), keshya (suitable for hairs).<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Apart from this, deshasatmya also means that which is suitable for a group. For example, madhura (sweet taste) is suitable to increase group of tissues. It is also applied to denote suitability for an organ or body part. E.g. chakshushya (suitable for eyes), keshya (suitable for hairs).<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
*Ritusatmya:
'''*Ritusatmya:'''
Ritusatmya refers tosuitability according to season. A person who understands the phenomenon of ritusatmya (seasonal adaptations in diet and lifestyle) and practices it, lives healthy and long life. Ritucharya (seasonal regimens) describes specific diet and lifestyle for ritusatmya. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3]
Ritusatmya refers tosuitability according to season. A person who understands the phenomenon of ritusatmya (seasonal adaptations in diet and lifestyle) and practices it, lives healthy and long life. Ritucharya (seasonal regimens) describes specific diet and lifestyle for ritusatmya. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3]
*Vyadhisatmya:
'''*Vyadhisatmya:'''
Vyadhi satmya refers to wholesome for or speciallyespecially effective in a particular disease condition.The regimen possesses specific qualities opposite to aggravated pathological factors of disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50] E.g. Yavagu(rice gruel) is effective in management of jwara(fever) [Cha.Sa.[[ChikitsaSthana]] 3/153]).
Vyadhi satmya refers to wholesome for or speciallyespecially effective in a particular disease condition.The regimen possesses specific qualities opposite to aggravated pathological factors of disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50] E.g. Yavagu(rice gruel) is effective in management of jwara(fever) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/153]).
The other examples are milk in gulma, kshaudra(honey) in prameha, ghee in udavarta. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
The other examples are milk in gulma, kshaudra(honey) in prameha, ghee in udavarta. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
*Swabhavasatmya:
'''*Swabhavasatmya:'''
Swabhavasatmyameans regimen specific to inherent nature of substance. Certain substances are said to be wholesome by their basic nature. For example, breast milk is mentioned as universal wholesome food for infants. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/109, 27/224]
Swabhavasatmyameans regimen specific to inherent nature of substance. Certain substances are said to be wholesome by their basic nature. For example, breast milk is mentioned as universal wholesome food for infants. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/109, 27/224]
The meat of animals living in their suitable habitat leads to nourishment. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 22/25]
The meat of animals living in their suitable habitat leads to nourishment. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 22/25]
Jatisatmya refers to suitability of a substance to a specific animal species. E.g. Shali (red rice) is suitable for human beings, grass is suitable for deer.<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Jatisatmya refers to suitability of a substance to a specific animal species. E.g. Shali (red rice) is suitable for human beings, grass is suitable for deer.<ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
*Vayasatmya:
'''*Vayasatmya:'''
Vayasatmya refers to suitability according to age. The therapeutic measures like agni karma (cauterization), kshara karma(application of alkali), strong emesis, purgation, pungent medicines are not suitable in old age and childhood. <ref>MurlidharPaliwal. The concept of Satmya in Ayurveda. UJAHM 2014, 02 (04): 16-19. Available from http://www.ujconline.net </ref>
Vayasatmya refers to suitability according to age. The therapeutic measures like agni karma (cauterization), kshara karma(application of alkali), strong emesis, purgation, pungent medicines are not suitable in old age and childhood. <ref>MurlidharPaliwal. The concept of Satmya in Ayurveda. UJAHM 2014, 02 (04): 16-19. Available from http://www.ujconline.net </ref>
*Okasatmya:
'''*Okasatmya:'''
It refers to habituation developed by practice/spontaneous exposure.
It refers to habituation developed by practice/spontaneous exposure.
This is a very the most important concept of satmya having a wide range of therapeutic utility. It is an acquired type of satmya due to repeated or habitual use of a particular substance or following a particular regimen for a long time. By repeated use or spontaneous exposure in small quantity, the person gets adapted to a substance/ regimen. It may or may not be beneficial for health in general. But, for that particular person, it becomes suitable without causing any harmful effect. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
This is a very the most important concept of satmya having a wide range of therapeutic utility. It is an acquired type of satmya due to repeated or habitual use of a particular substance or following a particular regimen for a long time. By repeated use or spontaneous exposure in small quantity, the person gets adapted to a substance/ regimen. It may or may not be beneficial for health in general. But, for that particular person, it becomes suitable without causing any harmful effect. <ref>Dalhana on Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana 35/40</ref>
Oka satmya depends upon the upayokta(consumer). It is one of the important components of diet. Pathya(wholesome) and apathya(unwholesome) highly depend upon okasatmya of an individual. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22]
Oka satmya depends upon the upayokta(consumer). It is one of the important components of diet. Pathya(wholesome) and apathya(unwholesome) highly depend upon okasatmya of an individual. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22]
Natural suitability of dosha:
'''Natural suitability of dosha:'''
The dosha viz. vayu, pitta and kapha never destroy each other inspite of having contradictory properties, they coexist in a harmonious state. This happens because of their sahaja- satmya (natural wholesome disposition of coexistence), as even fatal poison does not affect snakes. [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 26/293]
The dosha viz. vayu, pitta and kapha never destroy each other inspite of having contradictory properties, they coexist in a harmonious state. This happens because of their sahaja- satmya (natural wholesome disposition of coexistence), as even fatal poison does not affect snakes. [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/293]
===Role of satmya in life-cycle===
===Role of satmya in life-cycle===
===Importance of knowledge of satmya===
===Importance of knowledge of satmya===
Diagnostic Importance:
'''Diagnostic Importance:'''
• Satmya is important assessment parameter in examination of patient in perspective of the field of action (karyadesha).[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 2/13]
• Satmya is important assessment parameter in examination of patient in perspective of the field of action (karyadesha).[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 2/13]
• Upashaya(alleviation of disease by treatment) is inferred by satmya. Likewise,satmya is also used as a tool to reveal diseases with unclear pathologies. For example, if the pain gets relieved by application of oil massage, then oil is suitable for the person and the condition is caused due to nirama (…) condition of aggravated vatadosha. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 4/8]
• Upashaya(alleviation of disease by treatment) is inferred by satmya. Likewise,satmya is also used as a tool to reveal diseases with unclear pathologies. For example, if the pain gets relieved by application of oil massage, then oil is suitable for the person and the condition is caused due to nirama (…) condition of aggravated vatadosha. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 4/8]
• Satmya is important component of examination of patient. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/94]
• Satmya is important component of examination of patient. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/94]
Therapeutic importance:
'''Therapeutic importance:'''
• Satmya is considered while planning the post therapy regimen after panchakarma along with other factors like variations in dosha, medicinal drugs, place of residence, time, strength, body, diet, suitability, mind, constitution, and age. These should be factored in while administering this therapy [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/17].
• Satmya is considered while planning the post therapy regimen after panchakarma along with other factors like variations in dosha, medicinal drugs, place of residence, time, strength, body, diet, suitability, mind, constitution, and age. These should be factored in while administering this therapy [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/17].
• All therapeutic interventions depend upon knowledge of these factors. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/3, 2/13] [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 28/249]
• All therapeutic interventions depend upon knowledge of these factors. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/3, 2/13] [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/249]
• The measures such as oleation, corrective and unctuous enema (asthapana and anuvasana types of basti), and appropriate internal administration of unctuous substances following specific procedure also depend upon assessment of these factors. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 2/13]
• The measures such as oleation, corrective and unctuous enema (asthapana and anuvasana types of basti), and appropriate internal administration of unctuous substances following specific procedure also depend upon assessment of these factors. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 2/13]
• Success of a therapy depends upon administration of satmya therapies. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/130]
• Success of a therapy depends upon administration of satmya therapies. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/130]
• Medicines must be administered along with the food which is satmya (wholesome) to the patient. Medicines given with satmya food are quickly effective and do not create much untoward effects. [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 30/319-20]
• Medicines must be administered along with the food which is satmya (wholesome) to the patient. Medicines given with satmya food are quickly effective and do not create much untoward effects. [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/319-20]
• The physician treating the patients simply with recipes, without consideration of desha, kala etc., may commit mistakes.
• The physician treating the patients simply with recipes, without consideration of desha, kala etc., may commit mistakes.
• The rasayana (rejuvenatiotherapes) should be administered after appropriate consideration of age, constitution and suitability. [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 1/1/25-28]
• The rasayana (rejuvenatiotherapes) should be administered after appropriate consideration of age, constitution and suitability. [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 1/1/25-28]
• Satmya diet is advised to achieve maximum benefits of rasayana therapies [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 1/2/8,18; 1/3/18] and vajikarana therapies. [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 2/1/45]
• Satmya diet is advised to achieve maximum benefits of rasayana therapies [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/8,18; 1/3/18] and vajikarana therapies. [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/1/45]
Satmya diet in management of diseases:
'''Satmya diet in management of diseases:'''
Satmya diet considered highly important in management of following diseases:
Satmya diet considered highly important in management of following diseases:
*Jwara (fever) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 2/1/45, 153,156,319]
*Jwara (fever) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 2/1/45, 153,156,319]
*Atisara (diarrhea) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 19/24,50]
*Atisara (diarrhea) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 19/24,50]
* Trishna (thirst)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 22/61]
* Trishna (thirst)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 22/61]
* Madatyaya(chronic alcoholism)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 24/119]
* Madatyaya(chronic alcoholism)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/119]
Importance in health:
'''Importance in health:'''
• Satmya is one of the six factors along with maternal, paternal, psychological, spiritual and nutritional, which contribute to the origin and development of an organism. (Cha.Sa. [[ShariraSthana]] 3/14).
• Satmya is one of the six factors along with maternal, paternal, psychological, spiritual and nutritional, which contribute to the origin and development of an organism. (Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 3/14).
• During the process of embryogenesis, satmya leads to ''arogya'' (the state of freedom from diseases), ''analasya'' (freedom from laziness),''alolupatva'' (freedom from greed), clarity of senses, excellence of voice, fertility and optimum libido. [Cha.Sa.[[ShariraSthana]] 3/11].
• During the process of embryogenesis, satmya leads to ''arogya'' (the state of freedom from diseases), ''analasya'' (freedom from laziness),''alolupatva'' (freedom from greed), clarity of senses, excellence of voice, fertility and optimum libido. [Cha.Sa.[[ShariraSthana]] 3/11].
Suitable diet and lifestyle are ofutmost importancet for all humans, especially for expectant mother to have healthy child. Not following the regimen can result in a child prone to disease and congenital disorders.
Suitable diet and lifestyle are ofutmost importancet for all humans, especially for expectant mother to have healthy child. Not following the regimen can result in a child prone to disease and congenital disorders.
• Following suitable regimen is considered the best for development of [[purusha]] in [[agryasamgraha]]( group of best wholesome practices) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40]
• Following suitable regimen is considered the best for development of [[purusha]] in [[agryasamgraha]]( group of best wholesome practices) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40]
• The strength or immunity of a person depends upon excellence of satmya (adaptability to various factors responsible for the maintenance of the body)[Cha.Sa.[[ShariraSthana]] 6/13]
• The strength or immunity of a person depends upon excellence of satmya (adaptability to various factors responsible for the maintenance of the body)[Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 6/13]
*Status of health depends upon the inherent as well as acquired adaptations of an individual.
*Status of health depends upon the inherent as well as acquired adaptations of an individual.
*Diet and lifestyle opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location will prevent the occurrence of diseases. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
*Diet and lifestyle opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location will prevent the occurrence of diseases. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
Satmyaviruddha (antagonism of suitability) and its management:
'''Satmyaviruddha (antagonism of suitability) and its management:'''
If an individual consumes diet that he is not accustomed to, then it leads to incompatibility and causes disease. For example, consumption of sweet and cold substances by a person accustomed to pungent and hot is antagonism in terms of suitability. (Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/91)
If an individual consumes diet that he is not accustomed to, then it leads to incompatibility and causes disease. For example, consumption of sweet and cold substances by a person accustomed to pungent and hot is antagonism in terms of suitability. (Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/91)
The diseases caused due to this can be managed by therapeutic purgation, emesis, pacification or prior use of wholesome substance and rejuvenation therapy. The adverse effects can be neutralized by slow and spontaneous exposure of antagonistic substance in small quantity, enhancing digestive power, young age, unction therapy, physical exercise and enhancing strength. (Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/106)
The diseases caused due to this can be managed by therapeutic purgation, emesis, pacification or prior use of wholesome substance and rejuvenation therapy. The adverse effects can be neutralized by slow and spontaneous exposure of antagonistic substance in small quantity, enhancing digestive power, young age, unction therapy, physical exercise and enhancing strength. (Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/106)
The concept of satmya has a huge scope of research in view of genetic suitability, adaptations and its utility in treatment. It is also applied to understand allergy and its etiopathogenesis.
The concept of satmya has a huge scope of research in view of genetic suitability, adaptations and its utility in treatment. It is also applied to understand allergy and its etiopathogenesis.
Asatmya(unsuitable):
'''Asatmya(unsuitable):'''
असात्म्यमिति तद्विद्याद्यन्न याति सहात्मताम्||१२७||
असात्म्यमिति तद्विद्याद्यन्न याति सहात्मताम्||१२७||
असात्म्यार्थं दर्शयति- असात्म्यमित्यादि| सहेति मिलितं शरीरेण| आत्मताम् अविकृतरूपतां न याति; एतेन, यदुपयुक्तं प्राकृतरूपोपधातकं भवति, तदसात्म्यमिति||१२७||
असात्म्यार्थं दर्शयति- असात्म्यमित्यादि| सहेति मिलितं शरीरेण| आत्मताम् अविकृतरूपतां न याति; एतेन, यदुपयुक्तं प्राकृतरूपोपधातकं भवति, तदसात्म्यमिति||१२७||
A substance which is not conducive to the body is regarded as asatmya or unwholesome and which becomes responsible to provoke all the doshas. [Cha.Sa. [[ShariraSthana]] 1/127]
A substance which is not conducive to the body is regarded as asatmya or unwholesome and which becomes responsible to provoke all the doshas. [Cha.Sa. [[ShariraSthana]] 1/127]
Adverse effects of asatmya:
'''Adverse effects of asatmya:'''
Asatmyaindriyarthasamyoga (contact of sense and motor organs with unsuitable objects) is one the three fundamental causes of disease. Asatmyasevana (adopting unwholesome regimen) especially in terms of diet is causative factor for a number of diseases as below.
Asatmyaindriyarthasamyoga (contact of sense and motor organs with unsuitable objects) is one the three fundamental causes of disease. Asatmyasevana (adopting unwholesome regimen) especially in terms of diet is causative factor for a number of diseases as below.
Role of asatmya in disease:
'''Role of asatmya in disease:'''
• Unsuitable diet is listed among causative factors of following diseases:
• Unsuitable diet is listed among causative factors of following diseases:
*Vidradhi(abscess) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 17/91],
*Vidradhi(abscess) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 17/91],
*Parasites of shleshma origin.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 7/12],
*Parasites of shleshma origin.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 7/12],
*All morbidities [Cha.Sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 1/2/3]
*All morbidities [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/3]
*Unmada(psychosis disorders)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 9/87]
*Unmada(psychosis disorders)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/87]
*Arsha(hemorrhoids)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 14/9]
*Arsha(hemorrhoids)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/9]
* Grahani(digestive disorders)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 15/42]
* Grahani(digestive disorders)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/42]
*Pandu (anemia and blood)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 16/7]
*Pandu (anemia and blood)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/7]
*Kasa(cough of various origin)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 18/24]
*Kasa(cough of various origin)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/24]
* Atisara(diarrhea)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 19/4]
* Atisara(diarrhea)[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 19/4]
* Healing process of vrana(ulcer) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 25/33]
* Healing process of vrana(ulcer) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/33]
* Klaibya (impotence) due to dwajabhanga (erectile dysfunction) and kshaya (emaciation) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30 /163]
* Klaibya (impotence) due to dwajabhanga (erectile dysfunction) and kshaya (emaciation) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30 /163]
* Klaibya due to Chhardi (emesis) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 20/44]
* Klaibya due to Chhardi (emesis) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/44]
* Vitiation of breast milk [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 30/232]
* Vitiation of breast milk [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/232]
* Kushtha(skin disease) [Sushruta Samhita ChikitsaSthana 9/3]
* Kushtha(skin disease) [Sushruta Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 9/3]
*Hridroga (cardiac diseases) [Sushruta Samhita Uttar Tantra 43/3]
*Hridroga (cardiac diseases) [Sushruta Samhita Uttar Tantra 43/3]
• Unsuitable odour causes Jwara [Cha.Sa. [[NidanaSthana]] 1/28]
• Unsuitable odour causes Jwara [Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 1/28]
• The polluted air has unwholesome odour and can cause epidemic diseases.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 3/6]
• The polluted air has unwholesome odour and can cause epidemic diseases.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 3/6]
It is important to know the unsuitable factors causing disease.
It is important to know the unsuitable factors causing disease.