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The section Nidana Sthana deals with principles of diagnosis of diseases.
The section Nidana Sthana deals with principles of diagnosis of diseases. The term Nidana is applied for knowing the origin of disease (vyadhijanaka) and comprehensive information of disease (vyadhibodhaka). <ref> Chakrapani commentary on [[Jwara Nidana]] Cha.Ni.1/2</ref>
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After thorough examination of an individual, one shall evaluate the disease. The second part of diagnostic protocol provides comprehensive knowledge of disease. This includes the methods to elucidate causative factors[[hetu]], observe premonitory signs and symptoms[[purvarupa]], clinical features[[rupa]], pathogenesis [[samprapti]], and pacifying factors [[upashaya]]. The set of these five diagnostic tools is called as 'Nidana Panchaka'. This is described and applied in clinical practice to know each disequilibrium condition.
After thorough examination of an individual, one shall evaluate the disease. The second part of diagnostic protocol provides comprehensive knowledge of disease. This includes the methods to elucidate causative factors[[hetu]], observe premonitory signs and symptoms[[purvarupa]], clinical features[[rupa]], pathogenesis [[samprapti]], and pacifying factors [[upashaya]]. The set of these five diagnostic tools is called as 'Nidana Panchaka'. This is described and applied in clinical practice to know each disequilibrium condition.
The phenomena of a disease causing another disease is described as [[Nidanarthakara roga]]. [[Upadrava]] (complications), [[Udarka]] (marks of disease after it is cured) are applied for knowing the cause-effect relationship in pathogenesis of disease.
The phenomena of a disease causing another disease is described as [[Nidanarthakara roga]]. [[Upadrava]] (complications), [[Udarka]] (marks of disease after it is cured) are applied for knowing the cause-effect relationship in pathogenesis of disease.
* The eighth chapter, [[Apasmara Nidana]] deals with epilepsy and seizure disorders.
* The eighth chapter, [[Apasmara Nidana]] deals with epilepsy and seizure disorders.
These eight chapters represent major pathogenesis of diseases described in details in this section. The eight chapters of this section represent variety of pathogenic process related with vitiated [[dosha]] acting upon various [[dhatu]] to cause disease.
These eight chapters represent pathogenesis of major diseases described in details in this section. Each chapter directs towards variety of pathogenic processes related interaction of vitiated [[dosha]] with [[dhatu]] to cause disease.
===Guidelines to diagnose [[anukta vyadhi]] (new or untold diseases in text)===
===Guidelines to diagnose [[anukta vyadhi]] (new or untold diseases in text)===
* Etiological factors.
* Etiological factors.
[[Trishothiya Adhyaya#Identification of new diseases|(Cha.Su. 18/44-47)]]
[[Trishothiya Adhyaya#Identification of new diseases|(Cha.Su. 18/44-47)]]
===Importance===
* it is highly important to know the fundamental cause of any disease. Complete cure in curable diseases and management of palliable diseases can only be achieved after [[Nidana Parivarjana]] (removing the cause). If the cause is removed, then half the treatment is done. This stops progression of disease as well as helps the host to return to the normal state. The current healthcare system focus more on disease management after its complete manifestation; while [[Ayurveda]] emphasizes on identification of abnormality at an early stage, to prevent its further progression.
* The journey of a disease from the initial stage of accumulation of vitiating factors to complete manifestation of its symptoms shall be studied well for its complete knowledge.
* The knowledge of Nidana can be helpful in reducing healthcare cost by reducing use of invasive and non invasive medical diagnostic tools.
===Researches===
===Researches===