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<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 11. Pharmaceutical preparations of ''Saptala'' and ''Shankhini'' '''</big>
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{{#seo:
|title=Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Saptala (Euphorbia pilosa), Shankhini (Euphorbia dracanculoides), Virechana (therapeutic purgation), Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine, charak samhita.
|description=Kalpa Sthana Chapter 11. Pharmaceutical preparations of Saptala and Shankhini
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=charak samhita
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<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 11. Pharmaceutical preparations of Saptala and Shankhini '''</big>
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya
|title = Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya
|label5 = Other Sections
|label5 = Other Sections
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|data5 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]], [[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], [[Siddhi Sthana]]
|label6 = Translator and commentator
|header3 =
|data6 = Singh A.K., Singh A.
|label7 = Reviewer
|data7 = Sawant B., Nishteswar K.
|label8 = Editors
|data8 = Nishteswar K., Sawant B., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]
|label9 = Year of publication
|data9 = 2020
|label10 = Publisher
|data10 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label11 = DOI
|data11 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.012 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.012]
}}
}}
<big>'''Abstract '''</big>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In this chapter several formulations of ''saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) for ''shodhana'' (purification) are described. Sixteen formulations with different drugs are indicated for use in combination with ''saptala'' and ''shankhini''.
</br>
'''Keywords''': ''Saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa), ''Shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides), [[Virechana]] (therapeutic purgation).
</p>
== Introduction ==
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Two drugs named ''saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) are mainly effective to eliminate the ''dosha'' through ''virechana'' (therapeutic purgation). ''Virechana dravya'' are predominant in ''prithvi'' and ''jala mahabhuta'' having ''sthira''(steady) and ''guru''(heavy) properties respectively and propel contents down while being digested.3 (Su.Ci 33/34).
Two drugs named ''saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) are mainly effective to eliminate the [[dosha]] through [[virechana]] (therapeutic purgation). [[Virechana]] dravya are predominant in [[Prithvi]] and [[jala]] [[mahabhuta]] having ''sthira''(steady) and ''guru''(heavy) properties respectively and propel contents down while being digested.3<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.33 Vamanavirechanasadhyopadrava Chaikitsitam Adhyaya verse 34. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1. </ref>
Out of 600 formulations, 39 formulations are for [[virechana]] and rest are for [[vamana]]. ''Saptala'' and ''shankhini'' have purgative effect, and are included in shodhana kashaya (group of purification medicines).
''Saptala'' and ''shankhini'' are described together, because of their botanical similarity. ''Saptala'' or ''charmasahva'' has leathery and frothy appearance due to the presence of latex. ''Shankhini'' is called ''tiktala'' also, because of its bitter property (''tikta rasa dravya'') is good to pacify [[pitta]] by [[virechana]] karma.
For the assessment of their useful part, ''saptala'' is ''mulini''6 whose useful part is root. ''Shankhini'' is ''phalini'' 7 whose useful part is fruit. ''Shankhini'' also has ''bhedana'' property for use in [[virechana]]. Several other drugs mentioned are used in different formulations with ''saptala'' and ''shankhini'' to provide synergistic effect and to overcome adverse effects which may occur by these two drugs because of its ''vikasi, tikshna'' and ''ruksha guna''.
For the assessment of their useful part, ''saptala'' is ''mulini''6 whose useful part is root. ''Shankhini'' is ''phalini'' 7 whose useful part is fruit. ''Shankhini'' also has ''bhedana'' property for use in ''virechana.'' Several other drugs mentioned are used in different formulations with ''saptala'' and ''shankhini'' to provide synergistic effect and to overcome adverse effects which may occur by these two drugs because of its ''vikasi, tikshna'' and ''ruksha guna''.
Botanical description-
Botanical description-
''Shankhini'' is described in Wealth of India 11 as Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. It has many branches annual, 12-18 in. High, with sessile, linear lanceolate leaves; capsules 3-4mm. in diameter containing ellipsoid seeds, 3mm. long. It is found practically throughout India in the plains and on low hills.
''Shankhini'' is described in Wealth of India 11 as Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. It has many branches annual, 12-18 in. High, with sessile, linear lanceolate leaves; capsules 3-4mm. in diameter containing ellipsoid seeds, 3mm. long. It is found practically throughout India in the plains and on low hills.
== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
अथातः सप्तलाशङ्खिनीकल्पं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
अथातः सप्तलाशङ्खिनीकल्पं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
athātaḥ saptalāśaṅkhinīkalpaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
athātaḥ saptalāśaṅkhinīkalpaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
</div></div>
Now we shall expound the different ''kalpa'' (Therapeutic formulations) of ''Saptala'' and ''Shankhini''. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
Now we shall expound the chapter "Saptalashankhini Kalpa" (Pharmaceutical preparations of Saptala and Shankhini). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
=== Synonyms ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
सप्तला चर्मसाह्वा च बहुफेनरसा च सा|
सप्तला चर्मसाह्वा च बहुफेनरसा च सा|
शङ्खिनी तिक्तला चैव यवतिक्ताऽक्षि(क्ष)पीडकः||३||
शङ्खिनी तिक्तला चैव यवतिक्ताऽक्षि(क्ष)पीडकः||३||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
-saptalā carmasāhvā ca bahuphēnarasā ca sā|
-saptalā carmasāhvā ca bahuphēnarasā ca sā|
sha~gkhinI tiktalA caiva yavatiktA~akShi(kSha)pIDakaH||3||
sha~gkhinI tiktalA caiva yavatiktA~akShi(kSha)pIDakaH||3||
</div></div>
''Saptala'' is described along with two other names like ''charmasahva'' and ''bahuphenarasa''. ''Shankhini'' is described with other synonyms like ''tiktala, yavatikta,'' and ''akshipidaka''. [3]
''Saptala'' is described along with two other names like ''charmasahva'' and ''bahuphenarasa''. ''Shankhini'' is described with other synonyms like ''tiktala, yavatikta,'' and ''akshipidaka''. [3]
=== Therapeutic indications ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
ते गुल्मगरहृद्रोगकुष्ठशोफोदरादिषु|
ते गुल्मगरहृद्रोगकुष्ठशोफोदरादिषु|
विकासितीक्ष्णरूक्षत्वाद्योज्ये श्लेष्माधिकेषु तु||४||
विकासितीक्ष्णरूक्षत्वाद्योज्ये श्लेष्माधिकेषु तु||४||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
tē gulmagarahr̥drōgakuṣṭhaśōphōdarādiṣu|
tē gulmagarahr̥drōgakuṣṭhaśōphōdarādiṣu|
vikAsitIkShNarUkShatvAdyojye shleShmAdhikeShu tu||4||
vikAsitIkShNarUkShatvAdyojye shleShmAdhikeShu tu||4||
</div></div>
These two are indicated in management of ''gulma'' (abdominal lump), ''gara'' (slow poisoning), ''hridroga'' (any cardiac related problem), ''kushtha'' (skin diseases), ''shopha'' ( inflammatory condition), ''udara'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis) and excess aggravation of ''kapha dosha'' due to the presence of property like ''vikasi'' (by spreading in the body, tissues produces lassitude including joints), ''tikshna'' ( a property which exerts immediate, strong and sharp effect), ''ruksha'' (which produces dryness, roughness and hardness). [4]
These two are indicated in management of ''gulma'' (abdominal lump), ''gara'' (slow poisoning), ''hridroga'' (any cardiac related problem), ''kushtha'' (skin diseases), ''shopha'' ( inflammatory condition), ''udara'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis) and excess aggravation of [[kapha dosha]] due to the presence of property like ''vikasi'' (by spreading in the body, tissues produces lassitude including joints), ''tikshna'' (a property which exerts immediate, strong and sharp effect), ''ruksha'' (which produces dryness, roughness and hardness). [4]
=== Method of collection ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
नातिशुष्कं फलं ग्राह्यं शङ्खिन्या निस्तुषीकृतम्|
नातिशुष्कं फलं ग्राह्यं शङ्खिन्या निस्तुषीकृतम्|
सप्तलायाश्च मूलानि गृहीत्वा भाजने क्षिपेत्||५||
सप्तलायाश्च मूलानि गृहीत्वा भाजने क्षिपेत्||५||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
nātiśuṣkaṁ phalaṁ grāhyaṁ śaṅkhinyā nistuṣīkr̥tam|
nātiśuṣkaṁ phalaṁ grāhyaṁ śaṅkhinyā nistuṣīkr̥tam|
saptalAyAshca mUlAni gRuhItvA bhAjane kShipet||5||
saptalAyAshca mUlAni gRuhItvA bhAjane kShipet||5||
</div></div>
''Shankhini'' fruits that are not too dry should be taken after removing husk. Root of ''saptala'' should be taken and preserved in a vessel. [5]
''Shankhini'' fruits that are not too dry should be taken after removing husk. Root of ''saptala'' should be taken and preserved in a vessel. [5]
=== Preparation in [[kapha]]-[[vata]] dominant cardiac disorder and ''gulma'' ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
अक्षमात्रं तयोः पिण्डं प्रसन्नालवणायुतम्|
अक्षमात्रं तयोः पिण्डं प्रसन्नालवणायुतम्|
हृद्रोगे कफवातोत्थे गुल्मे चैव प्रयोजयेत्||६||
हृद्रोगे कफवातोत्थे गुल्मे चैव प्रयोजयेत्||६||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
-akṣamātraṁ tayōḥ piṇḍaṁ prasannālavaṇāyutam|
-akṣamātraṁ tayōḥ piṇḍaṁ prasannālavaṇāyutam|
hRudroge kaphavAtotthe gulme caiva prayojayet||6||
hRudroge kaphavAtotthe gulme caiva prayojayet||6||
</div></div>
Paste of ''saptala'' and ''shankhini'' is indicated in amount of ''akshaamatra'' (measuring unit which is approximately 12 gm) with ''prasanna'' (clear wine) and ''saindhava lavana'' (rock salt) in ''hridroga'' and ''gulma'' caused due to ''kapha'' and ''vata dosha''. [6]
Paste of ''saptala'' and ''shankhini'' is indicated in amount of ''akshaamatra'' (measuring unit which is approximately 12 gm) with ''prasanna'' (clear wine) and ''saindhava lavana'' (rock salt) in ''hridroga'' and ''gulma'' caused due to [[kapha]] and [[vata]] [[dosha]]. [6]
=== Purgative formulations ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
प्रियालपीलुकर्कन्धुकोलाम्रातकदाडिमैः|
प्रियालपीलुकर्कन्धुकोलाम्रातकदाडिमैः|
सीधौ चाप्येष कल्पः स्यात् सुखं शीघ्रविरेचनः||
सीधौ चाप्येष कल्पः स्यात् सुखं शीघ्रविरेचनः||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
priyālapīlukarkandhukōlāmrātakadāḍimaiḥ|
priyālapīlukarkandhukōlāmrātakadāḍimaiḥ|
sIdhau cApyeSha kalpaH syAt sukhaM shIghravirecanaH||8||
sIdhau cApyeSha kalpaH syAt sukhaM shIghravirecanaH||8||
</div></div>
This paste of ''saptala, shankhini,'' wine and salt can also be used with other drugs separately for quick and easy purgation as enlisted below:
This paste of ''saptala, shankhini,'' wine and salt can also be used with other drugs separately for quick and easy purgation as enlisted below:
#Sidhu (another variety of alcohol) [7-8]
#Sidhu (another variety of alcohol) [7-8]
=== Oil based formulations ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
तैलं विदारिगन्धाद्यैः पयसि क्वथिते पचेत्|
तैलं विदारिगन्धाद्यैः पयसि क्वथिते पचेत्|
सप्तलाशङ्खिनीकल्के त्रिवृच्छ्यामार्धभागिके||९||
सप्तलाशङ्खिनीकल्के त्रिवृच्छ्यामार्धभागिके||९||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
tailaṁ vidārigandhādyaiḥ payasi kvathitē pacēt|
tailaṁ vidārigandhādyaiḥ payasi kvathitē pacēt|
saptalAsha~gkhinIkalke trivRucchyAmArdhabhAgike||9||
saptalAsha~gkhinIkalke trivRucchyAmArdhabhAgike||9||
</div></div>
The oil (sesame oil) cooked in the milk (cow’s milk) prepared with ''vidarigandhadi'' group, with the paste of ''saptala'' and ''shankhini'' and half its quantity of the paste of ''trivrita'' (Operculina turpethum Linn.) and ''shyama''(Ipomoea petaloiodea Chois), should be administered. [9]
The oil (sesame oil) cooked in the milk (cow’s milk) prepared with ''vidarigandhadi'' group, with the paste of ''saptala'' and ''shankhini'' and half its quantity of the paste of ''trivrita'' (Operculina turpethum Linn.) and ''shyama''(Ipomoea petaloiodea Chois), should be administered. [9]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
दधिमण्डेन सन्नीय सिद्धं तत् पाययेत च|
दधिमण्डेन सन्नीय सिद्धं तत् पाययेत च|
अतसीसर्षपैरण्डकरञ्जष्वेष संविधिः||११||
अतसीसर्षपैरण्डकरञ्जष्वेष संविधिः||११||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
dadhimaṇḍēna sannīya siddhaṁ tat pāyayēta ca|
dadhimaṇḍēna sannīya siddhaṁ tat pāyayēta ca|
atasIsarShapairaNDakara~jjaShveSha saMvidhiH||11||
atasIsarShapairaNDakara~jjaShveSha saMvidhiH||11||
</div></div>
After completion of oil processing, this oil should be used along with diluted curd, two part of powdered ''shankhini'', one part of sesame powder and decoction of ''haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula). Like this formulation other four formulations are prepared using four different ''dravya'' in place of sesame which are:
After completion of oil processing, this oil should be used along with diluted curd, two part of powdered ''shankhini'', one part of sesame powder and decoction of ''haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula). Like this formulation other four formulations are prepared using four different ''dravya'' in place of sesame which are:
#''Karanja'' (Pongamia pinnata Pierre) [10-11]
#''Karanja'' (Pongamia pinnata Pierre) [10-11]
=== Ghee (clarified butter) preparations ===
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
शङ्खिनीसप्तलासिद्धात् क्षीराद्यदुदियाद्घृतम्|
शङ्खिनीसप्तलासिद्धात् क्षीराद्यदुदियाद्घृतम्|
कल्कभागे तयोरेव त्रिवृच्छ्यामार्धसंयुते||१२||
कल्कभागे तयोरेव त्रिवृच्छ्यामार्धसंयुते||१२||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
śaṅkhinīsaptalāsiddhāt kṣīrādyadudiyādghr̥tam|
śaṅkhinīsaptalāsiddhāt kṣīrādyadudiyādghr̥tam|
kalkabhAge tayoreva trivRucchyAmArdhasaMyute||12||
kalkabhAge tayoreva trivRucchyAmArdhasaMyute||12||
</div></div>
''Ghrita'' (ghee, clarified butter) should be prepared from the milk processed with ''saptala'' & ''shankhini''. This ''ghrita'', is processed with paste of ''saptala'' & ''shankhini'' along with half part of ''shyama'' and ''trivrita''. [12]
''Ghrita'' (ghee, clarified butter) should be prepared from the milk processed with ''saptala'' & ''shankhini''. This ''ghrita'', is processed with paste of ''saptala'' & ''shankhini'' along with half part of ''shyama'' and ''trivrita''. [12]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
क्षीरेणालोड्य सम्पक्वं पिबेत्तच्च विरेचनम्|
क्षीरेणालोड्य सम्पक्वं पिबेत्तच्च विरेचनम्|
मसूरविदलायाश्च प्रत्यक्पर्ण्यास्तथैव च||१४||
मसूरविदलायाश्च प्रत्यक्पर्ण्यास्तथैव च||१४||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
kṣīrēṇālōḍya sampakvaṁ pibēttacca virēcanam|
kṣīrēṇālōḍya sampakvaṁ pibēttacca virēcanam|
masUravidalAyAshca pratyakparNyAstathaiva ca||14||
masUravidalAyAshca pratyakparNyAstathaiva ca||14||
</div></div>
When the ghee gets cooked with all mentioned drugs, it is prescribed to take orally with milk for purgation.
When the ghee gets cooked with all mentioned drugs, it is prescribed to take orally with milk for purgation.
#Paste of ''karanja drvaya''
#Paste of ''karanja drvaya''
#Paste of ''masurvidala'' (''shyama lata'') and ''pratyakaparni''[13-14]
#Paste of ''masurvidala'' (''shyama lata'') and ''pratyakaparni''[13-14]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
द्विवर्गार्धांशकल्केन तद्वत् साध्यं घृतं पुनः|
द्विवर्गार्धांशकल्केन तद्वत् साध्यं घृतं पुनः|
शङ्खिनीसप्तलाधात्रीकषाये साधयेद्घृतम् ||१५||
शङ्खिनीसप्तलाधात्रीकषाये साधयेद्घृतम् ||१५||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
dvivargārdhāṁśakalkēna tadvat sādhyaṁ ghr̥taṁ punaḥ|
dvivargārdhāṁśakalkēna tadvat sādhyaṁ ghr̥taṁ punaḥ|
sha~gkhinIsaptalAdhAtrIkaShAye sAdhayedghRutam ||15||
sha~gkhinIsaptalAdhAtrIkaShAye sAdhayedghRutam ||15||
</div></div>
''Ghrita'' may also be prepared with decoction of ''saptala, shankhini'' & ''amalaki'' and again processed with paired drugs.[15]
''Ghrita'' may also be prepared with decoction of ''saptala, shankhini'' & ''amalaki'' and again processed with paired drugs.[15]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
त्रिवृत्कल्पेन सर्पिश्च त्रयो लेहाश्च लोध्रवत् |
त्रिवृत्कल्पेन सर्पिश्च त्रयो लेहाश्च लोध्रवत् |
सुराकम्पिल्लयोर्योगः कार्यो लोध्रवदेव च||१६||
सुराकम्पिल्लयोर्योगः कार्यो लोध्रवदेव च||१६||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
trivr̥tkalpēna sarpiśca trayō lēhāśca lōdhravat |
trivr̥tkalpēna sarpiśca trayō lēhāśca lōdhravat |
surAkampillayoryogaH kAryo lodhravadeva ca||16||
surAkampillayoryogaH kAryo lodhravadeva ca||16||
</div></div>
''Ghrita'' may also be prepared with ''trivrita''. Three types of linctus should be prepared with ''lodhra''. As in ''lodhra'' other preparations were mentioned with wine and ''kampillaka'' should be made.[16]
''Ghrita'' may also be prepared with ''trivrita''. Three types of linctus should be prepared with ''lodhra''. As in ''lodhra'' other preparations were mentioned with wine and ''kampillaka'' should be made.[16]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
दन्तीद्रवन्त्योः कल्पेन सौवीरकतुषोदके|
दन्तीद्रवन्त्योः कल्पेन सौवीरकतुषोदके|
अजगन्धाजशृङ्ग्योश्च तद्वत् स्यातां विरेचने||१७||
अजगन्धाजशृङ्ग्योश्च तद्वत् स्यातां विरेचने||१७||
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dantīdravantyōḥ kalpēna sauvīrakatuṣōdakē|
dantīdravantyōḥ kalpēna sauvīrakatuṣōdakē|
ajagandhAjashRu~ggyoshca tadvat syAtAM virecane||17||
ajagandhAjashRu~ggyoshca tadvat syAtAM virecane||17||
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''Sauviraka'' and ''tushodaka'' as said in context of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'' as well with ''ajagandha'' and ''ajashringi'' should be prepared with ''saptala'' & ''shankhini'' which act as purgative.[17]
''Sauviraka'' and ''tushodaka'' as said in context of ''danti'' and ''dravanti'' as well with ''ajagandha'' and ''ajashringi'' should be prepared with ''saptala'' & ''shankhini'' which act as purgative.[17]
== Summary ==
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तत्र श्लोकौ-
तत्र श्लोकौ-
योगाः सिद्धाः समस्ताभ्यामेकशोऽपि च ते हिताः||१९||
योगाः सिद्धाः समस्ताभ्यामेकशोऽपि च ते हिताः||१९||
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tatra ślōkau-
tatra ślōkau-
yogAH siddhAH samastAbhyAmekasho~api ca te hitAH||19||
yogAH siddhAH samastAbhyAmekasho~api ca te hitAH||19||
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Sixteen preparations with decoctions, six in oil, eight in ghee, five in fermented liquors, three as linctus and one with ''kampillaka'' thus total thirty nine tested formulations of ''saptala'' & ''shankhini'' have been described. They are useful in combination or separately. [18-19]
Sixteen preparations with decoctions, six in oil, eight in ghee, five in fermented liquors, three as linctus and one with ''kampillaka'' thus total thirty nine tested formulations of ''saptala'' & ''shankhini'' have been described. They are useful in combination or separately. [18-19]
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles===
== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==
*''Saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) are purgatives with sharp, instantaneous pharmacological effects.
*''Saptala'' (Euphorbia pilosa) and ''shankhini'' (Euphorbia dracanculoides) are purgatives with sharp, instantaneous pharmacological effects.
*They are mainly indicated in diseases with abnormally increased fluid accumulation in body cavities.
*They are mainly indicated in diseases with abnormally increased fluid accumulation in body cavities.
=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences===
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
These are indicated in management of ''gulma'' (abdominal lump), ''gara'' (slow poisoning), ''hridroga'' (cardiac disorder), ''kushtha'' (skin diseases), ''shopha'' (swellings), ''udara'' ( abdominal diseases) due to the presence of property like ''vikasi'' ( by spreading in the body, tissues produces lassitude including joints), ''tikshana'' ( a property which exerts immediate, strong and effect), ''ruksha'' (which produces dryness, roughness and hardness), by these properties it pacifies ''kapha dosha'' in persons predominating ''kapha''. Various formulations are mentioned in this chapter.
These are indicated in management of ''gulma'' (abdominal lump), ''gara'' (slow poisoning), ''hridroga'' (cardiac disorder), ''kushtha'' (skin diseases), ''shopha'' (swellings), ''udara'' ( abdominal diseases) due to the presence of property like ''vikasi'' ( by spreading in the body, tissues produces lassitude including joints), ''tikshana'' ( a property which exerts immediate, strong and effect), ''ruksha'' (which produces dryness, roughness and hardness), by these properties it pacifies [[kapha]] [[dosha]] in persons predominating [[kapha]]. Various formulations are mentioned in this chapter.
=== Reference ===
===Related Links===
[[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya]] Verse 6, 78-79, 81-84
#Susruta Samhita by Ambika Datta Shastri, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 45, Verse No. 45, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy.
#Susruta Samhita by Ambika Datta Shastri, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 33, Verse No. 34, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy
[[Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya]] Verse 8
#Susruta Samhita by P.V Sharma, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 37 Verse no. 12, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy
=== Further reading ===
#Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.45 Dravadravyavidhi Adhyaya. Verse 45 In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1-10.
#Charak Samhita by Kashi Nath Shastri, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 1 , Verse No. 81-84
#Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.33 Avaaraneya Adhyaya. Verse 34 In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1-10.
#Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.37 Mishraka Adhyaya. Verse 12 In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1-10.
#Bhela.Kalpa Sthana, Chapter 8, In:P.V Sherma,, Editor, Bhela Samhita. ?ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Bharti Academy: ?? pg no. 504-507
#Dravyaguna Vigyan by P.V Sharma, Vol 1, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy
#Dravyaguna Vigyan by P.V Sharma, Vol 1, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy
#Wealth of India, Vol III, Publication & Directorate CSIR, New Delhi
#Wealth of India, Vol III, Publication & Directorate CSIR, New Delhi
=== Glossary ===
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==References==
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#Ïopha ( शोफ ) It is an inflammatory process which arises in several pathological conditions and involves itching, oedema, redness, temperature, pain.
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#Maireya ( मैरेये ) A variety of alcohol.
#KaÒÁya ( कषाये ) To boil drugs with water, milk upto certain extent to get decoction.