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The diseases presenting with cardinal symptom of generalized enlargement of abdomen is regarded as udara roga. Emaciation, loss of appetite, pedal edema, inability to perform any physical activity are its other characteristic features. Extreme impairment of agni (digestion and metabolism) is the basic pathology of udara roga in general, which is regarded as one among the mahagada (major illness). It is classified into eight types viz. four types of doshaja udara roga (vataj, pittaja, kaphaja and sannipataja), plihodara (splenomegaly), kshatodara/chhidrodara (abdominal enlargement due to intestinal perforation), baddhagudodara (enlargement of abdomen due to gastrointestinal obstruction) and jalodara/udakodara (ascites). Yakritodara (hepatomegaly) is also a distinct type of udara roga but incorporated in the plihodara since the etiology and treatment of these two conditions are similar.
The diseases presenting with cardinal symptom of generalized enlargement of abdomen is regarded as udara roga. Emaciation, loss of appetite, pedal edema, inability to perform any physical activity are its other characteristic features. Extreme impairment of agni (digestion and metabolism) is the basic pathology of udara roga in general, which is regarded as one among the mahagada (major illness). It is classified into eight types viz. four types of doshaja udara roga (vataj, pittaja, kaphaja and sannipataja), plihodara (splenomegaly), kshatodara/chhidrodara (abdominal enlargement due to intestinal perforation), baddhagudodara (enlargement of abdomen due to gastrointestinal obstruction) and jalodara/udakodara (ascites). Yakritodara (hepatomegaly) is also a distinct type of udara roga but incorporated in the plihodara since the etiology and treatment of these two conditions are similar.
Each type of udara roga has distinct etiology, pathology and symptomatology. Vataja, pittaja, kaphaja and sannipataja udara roga are comparable to the primary peritonitis based on the similarity of the symptoms. Plihodara (enlargement of the spleen) can be compared by the description of splenomegaly for different reasons. Symptoms of yakritodara resembles with that of hepatomegaly of varied pathology. Intestinal obstruction for different reasons causes baddhagudodara (enlargement of abdomen due to gastrointestinal obstruction). Intestinal perforation is explained under the name of chhidrodara/kshatodara (abdominal enlargement due to intestinal perforation). Udara roga in general develops in three distinct stages. Conditions of ajatodaka is initial phase of generalized enlargement of abdomen without fluid accumulation, Piccha is generalized enlargement of abdominal distention due to liquefying state of dosha and jatodaka is generalized enlargement of abdomen with fluid accumulation. All the types of udara roga end up in jalodara (enlargement of abdomen due to collection of fluid) in the terminal phases. Among the different types of udara roga, the later one in the list is more difficult to cure than its previous one. Presence of complication in udara roga is indicative of incurability. Virechana (therapeutic purgation), niruha basti (decoction enema), anuvasana basti (unctuous enema), intake of milk and buttermilk and surgical interventions (tapping) form the crux of treatment of udara roga.
Each type of udara roga has distinct etiology, pathology and symptomatology. Vataja, pittaja, kaphaja and sannipataja udara roga are comparable to the primary peritonitis based on the similarity of the symptoms. Plihodara (enlargement of the spleen) can be compared by the description of splenomegaly for different reasons. Symptoms of yakritodara resembles with that of hepatomegaly of varied pathology. Intestinal obstruction for different reasons causes baddhagudodara (enlargement of abdomen due to gastrointestinal obstruction). Intestinal perforation is explained under the name of chhidrodara/kshatodara (abdominal enlargement due to intestinal perforation). Udara roga in general develops in three distinct stages. Conditions of ajatodaka is initial phase of generalized enlargement of abdomen without fluid accumulation, Piccha is generalized enlargement of abdominal distention due to liquefying state of dosha and jatodaka is generalized enlargement of abdomen with fluid accumulation. All the types of udara roga end up in jalodara (enlargement of abdomen due to collection of fluid) in the terminal phases. Among the different types of udara roga, the later one in the list is more difficult to cure than its previous one. Presence of complication in udara roga is indicative of incurability. Virechana (therapeutic purgation), niruha basti (decoction enema), anuvasana basti (unctuous enema), intake of milk and buttermilk and surgical interventions (tapping) form the crux of treatment of udara roga.
Introduction:
'''Keywords''': Udara roga, vatodara, pittodara, kaphodara, sannipatodara, plihodara, yakritodara, baddhodara, chidrodara, kshatodara, jalodara, intestinal perforation, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, intestinal obstruction, ascites, ajātodakāvasthā, picchāvasthā, jatodakavasthā, virechana, tapping
=== Introduction ===
Generalized enlargement of the abdomen is udara roga and due to similarity of this symptom i.e. bulging (utsedha), this chapter follows the chapter on shvayathu (edema). Out of eight types of udara roga viz. vataja, pittaja, kaphaja and sannipataja are regarded as dosha dominant udara roga. In contrast to this plihodara (splenomegaly), baddhodara (enlargement of abdomen due to gastrointestinal obstruction), kshatodara (abdominal enlargement due to intestinal perforation) and jalodara (enlargement of abdomen due to collection of fluid) are regarded as dushya dominant udara roga. Again baddhodara and chhidrodara are considered as agantuja (exogenous disease) and the remaining 6 types of udara roga are enlisted as nija (endogenous disease). Vitiation of morbid dosha obstructing the channels in the abdomen and leading to fluid accumulation are the predominant features of pathogenesis of udara roga. Various purification treatments including therapeutic purgation, enema and surgical intervention to remove excess fluid are described in the chapter. The medications to pacify morbid dosha with strict diaetary guidelines are treatment measures of udara roga.
Generalized enlargement of the abdomen is udara roga and due to similarity of this symptom i.e. bulging (utsedha), this chapter follows the chapter on shvayathu (edema). Out of eight types of udara roga viz. vataja, pittaja, kaphaja and sannipataja are regarded as dosha dominant udara roga. In contrast to this plihodara (splenomegaly), baddhodara (enlargement of abdomen due to gastrointestinal obstruction), kshatodara (abdominal enlargement due to intestinal perforation) and jalodara (enlargement of abdomen due to collection of fluid) are regarded as dushya dominant udara roga. Again baddhodara and chhidrodara are considered as agantuja (exogenous disease) and the remaining 6 types of udara roga are enlisted as nija (endogenous disease). Vitiation of morbid dosha obstructing the channels in the abdomen and leading to fluid accumulation are the predominant features of pathogenesis of udara roga. Various purification treatments including therapeutic purgation, enema and surgical intervention to remove excess fluid are described in the chapter. The medications to pacify morbid dosha with strict diaetary guidelines are treatment measures of udara roga.
===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===
अथात उदरचिकित्सितं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
अथात उदरचिकित्सितं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||