9,091
edits
Changes
no edit summary
}}
}}
==([[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 9, Chapter on the Management of Mental Disorders) ==
==([[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 9, Chapter on the Management of Mental Disorders) ==
=== Introduction ===
=== Introduction ===
The unmada covers a wide range of major mental disorders and is considered synonymous with madness and mental derangement, in which a person loses his/her contact from reality and loses the ability to regulate his/her actions & conduct according to norms of the society. In unmada there is upward movement of doshas leading to disturbance in the functions of manas causing mada ( delusional/ intoxicated state ) in an individual. The factual clinical picture of the mental status of psychotic patients is vividly described. This description suggests that a patient of unmada develops derangement of all the activities of manas (mind), buddhi(intellect), ahamkara (conceit of self-individuality) and indriyas (senses). He develops thought disturbances in the form of abnormalities of chintana (thinking), vichara(discrimination) and uhya (analysis), derangement of memory in the form of smriti nasha (loss of memory) and smriti bramsha (impairement of memory), behavioral, social and emotional disturbances in the form of abnormalities of achar (behaviour), dharma (eternal duties) and bhavas (mental factors) along with functional derangement of indriyas which is manifested clinically as disturbed speech and its various presentations like incoherence (abaddha vakyam), thought blocking (hridaya shunyata ), loosening of associations, neologism, echolalia etc. and various psychomotor disturbances .
The unmada covers a wide range of major mental disorders and is considered synonymous with madness and mental derangement, in which a person loses his/her contact from reality and loses the ability to regulate his/her actions & conduct according to norms of the society. In unmada there is upward movement of doshas leading to disturbance in the functions of manas causing mada ( delusional/ intoxicated state ) in an individual. The factual clinical picture of the mental status of psychotic patients is vividly described. This description suggests that a patient of unmada develops derangement of all the activities of manas (mind), buddhi(intellect), ahamkara (conceit of self-individuality) and indriyas (senses). He develops thought disturbances in the form of abnormalities of chintana (thinking), vichara(discrimination) and uhya (analysis), derangement of memory in the form of smriti nasha (loss of memory) and smriti bramsha (impairement of memory), behavioral, social and emotional disturbances in the form of abnormalities of achar (behaviour), dharma (eternal duties) and bhavas (mental factors) along with functional derangement of indriyas which is manifested clinically as disturbed speech and its various presentations like incoherence (abaddha vakyam), thought blocking (hridaya shunyata ), loosening of associations, neologism, echolalia etc. and various psychomotor disturbances .
Thus, unmada is not a lone clinical entity comparable to a single modern diagnostic category, rather it is a syndrome describing a group of psychotic disorders. It is a common and broader entity, which provides guidance to the line of management for almost all psychiatric disorders in Ayurveda. In this ailment, the intellect, mind and memory get perverted. Unmada can be described as the disordered state of mind, in which an individual loses the ability of regulating his/her actions and conduct according to the rules of society. As the psychotic disorders cover almost all the major mental illnesses, the different types & sub types of unmada can be separately correlated with different psychotic disorders. The clinical features of the different types of unmada resemble various types of schizophrenia, manic psychosis, psychotic depression / major depressive disorder. Unmada is divided into two broad categories – (1) Nija- those caused by internal imbalance of body humors i.e. vata, pitta, kapha & the sannipataj and the (2) Agantunimitta- those caused by exogenous factors.
Thus, unmada is not a lone clinical entity comparable to a single modern diagnostic category, rather it is a syndrome describing a group of psychotic disorders. It is a common and broader entity, which provides guidance to the line of management for almost all psychiatric disorders in Ayurveda. In this ailment, the intellect, mind and memory get perverted. Unmada can be described as the disordered state of mind, in which an individual loses the ability of regulating his/her actions and conduct according to the rules of society. As the psychotic disorders cover almost all the major mental illnesses, the different types & sub types of unmada can be separately correlated with different psychotic disorders. The clinical features of the different types of unmada resemble various types of schizophrenia, manic psychosis, psychotic depression / major depressive disorder. Unmada is divided into two broad categories – (1) Nija- those caused by internal imbalance of body humors i.e. vata, pitta, kapha & the sannipataj and the (2) Agantunimitta- those caused by exogenous factors.
The medicated ghrita, the most preferred dosage form for the management, enhances intellect, memory and plays an important role in the treatment of unmada. Hence many ghrita formulations have been described for the management. Anjana & nasya are other treatment modalities indicated in unmada. Acharya Vagbhata emphasises their importance by saying that if all medications for unmada like vamana, virechana etc. fail, one should do teekshna anjana & nasya karma.
The medicated ghrita, the most preferred dosage form for the management, enhances intellect, memory and plays an important role in the treatment of unmada. Hence many ghrita formulations have been described for the management. Anjana & nasya are other treatment modalities indicated in unmada. Acharya Vagbhata emphasises their importance by saying that if all medications for unmada like vamana, virechana etc. fail, one should do teekshna anjana & nasya karma.
===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===
अथात उन्मादचिकित्सितं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
अथात उन्मादचिकित्सितं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
बुद्धिस्मृतिज्ञानतपोनिवासः पुनर्वसुः प्राणभृतां शरण्यः|
बुद्धिस्मृतिज्ञानतपोनिवासः पुनर्वसुः प्राणभृतां शरण्यः|
उन्मादहेत्वाकृतिभेषजानि कालेऽग्निवेशाय शशंस पृष्टः||३||
उन्मादहेत्वाकृतिभेषजानि कालेऽग्निवेशाय शशंस पृष्टः||३||
buddhismr̥tijñānatapōnivāsaḥ punarvasuḥ prāṇabhr̥tāṁ śaraṇyaḥ|
buddhismr̥tijñānatapōnivāsaḥ punarvasuḥ prāṇabhr̥tāṁ śaraṇyaḥ|
unmAdahetvAkRutibheShajAni kAle~agniveshAya shashaMsa pRuShTaH||3||
unmAdahetvAkRutibheShajAni kAle~agniveshAya shashaMsa pRuShTaH||3||
Punarvasu, the abode of intellect, memory, knowledge, penance and saviour of living beings, timely described the etiology, symptoms and treatment of unmada to Agnivesa as queried. (3)
Punarvasu, the abode of intellect, memory, knowledge, penance and saviour of living beings, timely described the etiology, symptoms and treatment of unmada to Agnivesa as queried. (3)
Causes of unmada:
==== Causes of unmada ====
विरुद्धदुष्टाशुचिभोजनानि प्रधर्षणं देवगुरुद्विजानाम्|
उन्मादहेतुर्भयहर्षपूर्वो मनोऽभिघातो विषमाश्च चेष्टाः||४||
उन्मादहेतुर्भयहर्षपूर्वो मनोऽभिघातो विषमाश्च चेष्टाः||४||
viruddhaduṣṭāśucibhōjanāni pradharṣaṇaṁ dēvagurudvijānām|
unmādahēturbhayaharṣapūrvō manō'bhighātō viṣamāśca cēṣṭāḥ||4||
viruddhaduShTAshucibhojanAni pradharShaNaM devagurudvijAnAm|
viruddhaduShTAshucibhojanAni pradharShaNaM devagurudvijAnAm|
unmAdaheturbhayaharShapUrvo mano~abhighAto viShamAshca ceShTAH||4||
unmAdaheturbhayaharShapUrvo mano~abhighAto viShamAshca ceShTAH||4||
Pathogenesis of unmada:
Food with incompatible, contaminated & unclean properties; possession by spirits like gods, teachers and brahmanas; mental trauma due to recurrent exposure to fear or exhilaration and adopting difficult posture are the general causes of unmada. (4)
==== Pathogenesis of unmada ====
तैरल्पसत्त्वस्य मलाः प्रदुष्टा बुद्धेर्निवासं हृदयं प्रदूष्य|
स्रोतांस्यधिष्ठाय मनोवहानि प्रमोहयन्त्याशु नरस्य चेतः||५||
स्रोतांस्यधिष्ठाय मनोवहानि प्रमोहयन्त्याशु नरस्य चेतः||५||
tairalpasattvasya malāḥ praduṣṭā buddhērnivāsaṁ hr̥dayaṁ pradūṣya|
tairalpasattvasya malāḥ praduṣṭā buddhērnivāsaṁ hr̥dayaṁ pradūṣya|
srōtāṁsyadhiṣṭhāya manōvahāni pramōhayantyāśu narasya cētaḥ||5||
tairalpasattvasya malAH praduShTA buddhernivAsaM hRudayaM pradUShya|
srotAMsyadhiShThAya manovahAni pramohayantyAshu narasya cetaH||5||
By the above causative factors, the doshas get vitiated in the person posessing low level of sattva guna (weak minded people) in turn vitiate hridaya (mind), which is the seat of intellect. There from the channels carrying mental factors (mano- vaha srotasas), quickly delude the mind of the person. (5)
==== Clinical features ====
धीविभ्रमः सत्त्वपरिप्लवश्च पर्याकुला दृष्टिरधीरता च|
धीविभ्रमः सत्त्वपरिप्लवश्च पर्याकुला दृष्टिरधीरता च|
अबद्धवाक्त्वं हृदयं च शून्यं सामान्यमुन्मादगदस्य लिङ्गम्||६||
अबद्धवाक्त्वं हृदयं च शून्यं सामान्यमुन्मादगदस्य लिङ्गम्||६||
sa mUDhacetA na sukhaM na duHkhaM nAcAradharmau kuta eva shAntim|
sa mUDhacetA na sukhaM na duHkhaM nAcAradharmau kuta eva shAntim|
vindatyapAstasmRutibuddhisa~jj~jo bhramatyayaM ceta itastatashca||7||
vindatyapAstasmRutibuddhisa~jj~jo bhramatyayaM ceta itastatashca||7||
Perverted intellect, psychic agitation, restlessness in eyes, impatience, incoherent speech and feeling of emptiness in hridaya (mind), these are the general features of unmada.
Perverted intellect, psychic agitation, restlessness in eyes, impatience, incoherent speech and feeling of emptiness in hridaya (mind), these are the general features of unmada.
Thus, the person with deranged mind does not know pleasures, pain, ethics and eternal duties and does not get peace anywhere. Therefore, he lets the mind wander here and there due to loss of memory, intellect and perceptions. (6-7)
Thus, the person with deranged mind does not know pleasures, pain, ethics and eternal duties and does not get peace anywhere. Therefore, he lets the mind wander here and there due to loss of memory, intellect and perceptions. (6-7)
Types of unmada:
==== Types of unmada ====
समुद्भ्रमं बुद्धिमनःस्मृतीनामुन्मादमागन्तुनिजोत्थमाहुः|
समुद्भ्रमं बुद्धिमनःस्मृतीनामुन्मादमागन्तुनिजोत्थमाहुः|
तस्योद्भवं पञ्चविधं पृथक् तु वक्ष्यामि लिङ्गानि चिकित्सितं च||८||
तस्योद्भवं पञ्चविधं पृथक् तु वक्ष्यामि लिङ्गानि चिकित्सितं च||८||
tasyodbhavaM pa~jcavidhaM pRuthak tu vakShyAmi li~ggAni cikitsitaM ca||8||
tasyodbhavaM pa~jcavidhaM pRuthak tu vakShyAmi li~ggAni cikitsitaM ca||8||
Unmada refers to excessive affliction of intellect, mind and memory. This is of two types – Nija (endogenous) and agantuja (exogenous). According to origin, it is of five types. (I) will describe their symptoms and treatment separately.(8)
Unmada refers to excessive affliction of intellect, mind and memory. This is of two types – Nija (endogenous) and agantuja (exogenous). According to origin, it is of five types. (I) will describe their symptoms and treatment separately.(8)
Vata dominant unmada:
==== Vata dominant unmada ====
रूक्षाल्पशीतान्नविरेकधातुक्षयोपवासैरनिलोऽतिवृद्धः|
रूक्षाल्पशीतान्नविरेकधातुक्षयोपवासैरनिलोऽतिवृद्धः|
चिन्तादिजुष्टं हृदयं प्रदूष्य बुद्धिं स्मृतिं चाप्युपहन्ति शीघ्रम्||९||
चिन्तादिजुष्टं हृदयं प्रदूष्य बुद्धिं स्मृतिं चाप्युपहन्ति शीघ्रम्||९||
asthAnahAsasmitanRutyagItavAga~ggavikShepaNarodanAni|
asthAnahAsasmitanRutyagItavAga~ggavikShepaNarodanAni|
pAruShyakArshyAruNavarNatAshca jIrNe balaM cAnilajasya rUpam||10||
pAruShyakArshyAruNavarNatAshca jIrNe balaM cAnilajasya rUpam||10||
Vayu gets aggravated by the intake of rough, deficient in quantity and cold in property food, excessive evacuation of doshas, depletion of body tissues and fasting. This aggravated vayu affects the hrudaya (site of mind), which is already afflicted with anxiety etc. and thus quickly deranges intellect and memory.
Pitta dominant unmada:
Laughing, smiling, dancing, singing, speaking, abnormal movement of body parts, weeping at improper places & improper time, roughness, emaciation, reddish discolouration of body parts and aggravation of the disease after digestion of food; are the clinical features of the vata dominant unmada .(9-10)
==== Pitta dominant unmada ====
अजीर्णकट्वम्लविदाह्यशीतैर्भोज्यैश्चितं पित्तमुदीर्णवेगम्|
अजीर्णकट्वम्लविदाह्यशीतैर्भोज्यैश्चितं पित्तमुदीर्णवेगम्|
उन्मादमत्युग्रमनात्मकस्य हृदि श्रितं पूर्ववदाशु कुर्यात्||११||
उन्मादमत्युग्रमनात्मकस्य हृदि श्रितं पूर्ववदाशु कुर्यात्||११||
pracchAyashItAnnajalAbhilAShAH pItA ca bhAH pittakRutasya li~ggam||12||
pracchAyashItAnnajalAbhilAShAH pItA ca bhAH pittakRutasya li~ggam||12||
The already accumulated pitta gets aggravated due to indigestion, by the intake of pungent, sour food, those articles causing burning sensation, and hot in potency. It takes shelter in the hrudaya (site of mind) in the person without self restraint and thus suddenly gives rise to severe episode of unmada as per the above mentioned pathogenesis.
The already accumulated pitta gets aggravated due to indigestion, by the intake of pungent, sour food, those articles causing burning sensation, and hot in potency. It takes shelter in the hrudaya (site of mind) in the person without self restraint and thus suddenly gives rise to severe episode of unmada as per the above mentioned pathogenesis.
Kapha dominant unmada:
Intolerance, agitation, nakedness, terrorizing, excessive movements, (running), heat, wrath (anger), yellowish luster and desire for dense shady places, cold food - are the clinical features of pitta dominant unmada. (11-12)
==== Kapha dominant unmada ====
सम्पूरणैर्मन्दविचेष्टितस्य सोष्मा कफो मर्मणि सम्प्रवृद्धः|
सम्पूरणैर्मन्दविचेष्टितस्य सोष्मा कफो मर्मणि सम्प्रवृद्धः|
बुद्धिं स्मृतिं चाप्युपहत्य चित्तं प्रमोहयन् सञ्जनयेद्विकारम्||१३||
बुद्धिं स्मृतिं चाप्युपहत्य चित्तं प्रमोहयन् सञ्जनयेद्विकारम्||१३||
chardishca lAlA ca balaM ca bhu~gkte nakhAdishauklyaM ca kaphAtmakasya||14||
chardishca lAlA ca balaM ca bhu~gkte nakhAdishauklyaM ca kaphAtmakasya||14||
In the persons taking excessive food and doing slow activities (having sedentary habits), kapha along with heat (pitta) increases in their vital organ (hrudaya), impairing intellect and memory and thereby deranging their mind produces insanity.
In the persons taking excessive food and doing slow activities (having sedentary habits), kapha along with heat (pitta) increases in their vital organ (hrudaya), impairing intellect and memory and thereby deranging their mind produces insanity.
Slow speech & movements, anorexia, and liking for women and loneliness, excessive sleep, vomiting, salivation, aggravation of the disease after taking meals and whiteness of nails etc. – these are the clinical features of the kapha dominant unmada. (13-14)
Sannipata unmada (due to vitiation of all doshas):
==== Sannipata unmada (due to vitiation of all doshas) ====
यः सन्निपातप्रभवोऽतिघोरः सर्वैः समस्तैः स च हेतुभिः स्यात्|
यः सन्निपातप्रभवोऽतिघोरः सर्वैः समस्तैः स च हेतुभिः स्यात्|
सर्वाणि रूपाणि बिभर्ति तादृग्विरुद्घभैषज्यविधिर्विवर्ज्यः||१५||
सर्वाणि रूपाणि बिभर्ति तादृग्विरुद्घभैषज्यविधिर्विवर्ज्यः||१५||
The severe type of unmada arising from sannipata (aggravation of all three doshas) is caused by all the above etiological factors. It presents with all the above characters in mixed form and because of antagonistic therapeutic principles, it is difficult to treat and therefore should be rejected. (15)
The severe type of unmada arising from sannipata (aggravation of all three doshas) is caused by all the above etiological factors. It presents with all the above characters in mixed form and because of antagonistic therapeutic principles, it is difficult to treat and therefore should be rejected. (15)
Agantu unmada (exogenous type):
==== Agantu unmada (exogenous type) ====
देवर्षिगन्धर्वपिशाचयक्षरक्षःपितॄणामभिधर्षणानि|
देवर्षिगन्धर्वपिशाचयक्षरक्षःपितॄणामभिधर्षणानि|
आगन्तुहेतुर्नियमव्रतादि मिथ्याकृतं कर्म च पूर्वदेहे||१६||
आगन्तुहेतुर्नियमव्रतादि मिथ्याकृतं कर्म च पूर्वदेहे||१६||
devarShigandharvapishAcayakSharakShaHpitRUNAmabhidharShaNAni|
devarShigandharvapishAcayakSharakShaHpitRUNAmabhidharShaNAni|
AgantuheturniyamavratAdi mithyAkRutaM karma ca pUrvadehe||16||
AgantuheturniyamavratAdi mithyAkRutaM karma ca pUrvadehe||16||
Possession by the gods, sages, gandharvas (celestial choristers), pishachas (devils), yakshas (living supernatural being/spiritual apparition), rakshasas (demons) and pitru(forefathers/ancestors spirits); unmethodical performance of spiritual rituals & vows etc. and the deeds of past life are the causes of the exogenous type of unmada. (16)
Possession by the gods, sages, gandharvas (celestial choristers), pishachas (devils), yakshas (living supernatural being/spiritual apparition), rakshasas (demons) and pitru(forefathers/ancestors spirits); unmethodical performance of spiritual rituals & vows etc. and the deeds of past life are the causes of the exogenous type of unmada. (16)
Signs of bhutonmada (affliction of evil spirits):
==== Signs of bhutonmada (affliction of evil spirits) ====
अमर्त्यवाग्विक्रमवीर्यचेष्टो ज्ञानादिविज्ञानबलादिभिर्यः|
अमर्त्यवाग्विक्रमवीर्यचेष्टो ज्ञानादिविज्ञानबलादिभिर्यः|
उन्मादकालोऽनियतश्च यस्य भूतोत्थमुन्मादमुदाहरेत्तम्||१७||
उन्मादकालोऽनियतश्च यस्य भूतोत्थमुन्मादमुदाहरेत्तम्||१७||
unmAdakAlo~aniyatashca yasya bhUtotthamunmAdamudAharettam||17||
unmAdakAlo~aniyatashca yasya bhUtotthamunmAdamudAharettam||17||
Persons presenting with superhuman speech, valour, power and activities alongwith superhuman knowledge, understanding, strength etc. and having irregular time of aggravation of the disease, are the clinical features of unmada caused by exogenous causes (evil spirits). (17)
अदूषयन्तः पुरुषस्य देहं देवादयः स्वैस्तु गुणप्रभावैः|
अदूषयन्तः पुरुषस्य देहं देवादयः स्वैस्तु गुणप्रभावैः|
unmAdarUpANi pRutha~gnibodha kAlaM ca gamyAn puruShAMshca teShAm||19||
unmAdarUpANi pRutha~gnibodha kAlaM ca gamyAn puruShAMshca teShAm||19||
Gods etc. invisibly & swiftly enter into the body of a person by their own supernatural effect without affecting the body of the individual. This simulates with as image enter the mirror and sunlight enters the sunstone. (18)
Gods etc. invisibly & swiftly enter into the body of a person by their own supernatural effect without affecting the body of the individual. This simulates with as image enter the mirror and sunlight enters the sunstone. (18)
As said earlier in the diagnosis -section, prodromal features coincide with the entry of gods etc. Now listen about the symptoms of various types separately, time of affliction and susceptible person. (19)
Various types of agantu unmada:
Affliction by God:
==== Various types of agantu unmada ====
===== Affliction by God =====
तद्यथा- सौम्यदृष्टिं गम्भीरमधृष्यमकोपनमस्वप्नभोजनाभिलाषिणमल्पस्वेदमूत्रपुरीषवातं शुभगन्धंफुल्लपद्मवदनमिति देवोन्मत्तं विद्यात्;
तद्यथा- सौम्यदृष्टिं गम्भीरमधृष्यमकोपनमस्वप्नभोजनाभिलाषिणमल्पस्वेदमूत्रपुरीषवातं शुभगन्धंफुल्लपद्मवदनमिति देवोन्मत्तं विद्यात्;
tadyathā- saumyadr̥ṣṭiṁgambhīramadhr̥ṣyamakōpanamasvapnabhōjanābhilāṣiṇamalpasvēdamūtrapurīṣavātaṁ śubhagandhaṁphullapadmavadanamiti dēvōnmattaṁ vidyāt;
tadyathā- saumyadr̥ṣṭiṁgambhīramadhr̥ṣyamakōpanamasvapnabhōjanābhilāṣiṇamalpasvēdamūtrapurīṣavātaṁ śubhagandhaṁphullapadmavadanamiti dēvōnmattaṁ vidyāt;
tadyathA- saumyadRuShTiMgambhIramadhRuShyamakopanamasvapnabhojanAbhilAShiNamalpasvedamUtrapurIShavAtaM shubhagandhaM phullapadmavadanamiti devonmattaM vidyAt;
tadyathA- saumyadRuShTiMgambhIramadhRuShyamakopanamasvapnabhojanAbhilAShiNamalpasvedamUtrapurIShavAtaM shubhagandhaM phullapadmavadanamiti devonmattaM vidyAt;
Gentle look, serious, unassailable, unwrathful, having no desire for sleep and food, with decreased sweat, urine, stool and flatus, auspicious smell and face like blossomed lotus flower- are the characters of unmada caused due to affliction by gods.
Gentle look, serious, unassailable, unwrathful, having no desire for sleep and food, with decreased sweat, urine, stool and flatus, auspicious smell and face like blossomed lotus flower- are the characters of unmada caused due to affliction by gods.
Affliction by
Unmada due to affliction of guru etc.:
===== Affliction by Unmada due to affliction of guru etc. =====
गुरुवृद्धसिद्धर्षीणामभिशापाभिचाराभिध्यानानुरूपचेष्टाहारव्याहारं तैरुन्मत्तंविद्यात्;
गुरुवृद्धसिद्धर्षीणामभिशापाभिचाराभिध्यानानुरूपचेष्टाहारव्याहारं तैरुन्मत्तंविद्यात्;
guruvr̥ddhasiddharṣīṇāmabhiśāpābhicārābhidhyānānurūpacēṣṭāhāravyāhāraṁ tairunmattaṁ vidyāt;
guruvr̥ddhasiddharṣīṇāmabhiśāpābhicārābhidhyānānurūpacēṣṭāhāravyāhāraṁ tairunmattaṁ vidyāt;
guruvRuddhasiddharShINAmabhishApAbhicArAbhidhyAnAnurUpaceShTAhAravyAhAraM tairunmattaMvidyAt;
guruvRuddhasiddharShINAmabhishApAbhicArAbhidhyAnAnurUpaceShTAhAravyAhAraM tairunmattaMvidyAt;
One having movements, diet and speech corresponding to type of abhishapa (curse), abhichara (magical spell) or abhidhyana (desire to transform by willpower), meditation of teacher, elders, accomplished person (siddhas) and sages should be known as unmada caused due to affliction by them (rishis etc.) respectively.
Unmada due to affliction of ancestors or forefathers:
===== Unmada due to affliction of ancestors or forefathers =====
अप्रसन्नदृष्टिमपश्यन्तं निद्रालुं प्रतिहतवाचमनन्नाभिलाषमरोचकाविपाकपरीतं च पितृभिरुन्मत्तं विद्यात्;
अप्रसन्नदृष्टिमपश्यन्तं निद्रालुं प्रतिहतवाचमनन्नाभिलाषमरोचकाविपाकपरीतं च पितृभिरुन्मत्तं विद्यात्;
aprasannadr̥ṣṭimapaśyantaṁ nidrāluṁ pratihatavācamanannābhilāṣamarōcakāvipākaparītaṁ capitr̥bhirunmattaṁ vidyāt;
aprasannadr̥ṣṭimapaśyantaṁ nidrāluṁ pratihatavācamanannābhilāṣamarōcakāvipākaparītaṁ capitr̥bhirunmattaṁ vidyāt;
aprasannadRuShTimapashyantaM nidrAluMpratihatavAcamanannAbhilAShamarocakAvipAkaparItaM ca pitRubhirunmattaM vidyAt;
aprasannadRuShTimapashyantaM nidrAluMpratihatavAcamanannAbhilAShamarocakAvipAkaparItaM ca pitRubhirunmattaM vidyAt;
Unhappy look, inability to see, drowsiness, interrupted speech, lack of desire for food, anorexia & indigestion are the characteristics of the person suffering from unmada caused due to affliction by pitris(manes).
Unhappy look, inability to see, drowsiness, interrupted speech, lack of desire for food, anorexia & indigestion are the characteristics of the person suffering from unmada caused due to affliction by pitris(manes).
Unmada due to affliction of gandharva (clelestial musicians):
===== Unmada due to affliction of gandharva (celestial musicians) =====
(चण्डं साहसिकं तीक्ष्णं गम्भीरमधृष्यं) मुखवाद्यनृत्यगीतान्नपानस्नानमाल्यधूपगन्धरतिं रक्तवस्त्रबलिकर्महास्यकथानुयोगप्रियंशुभगन्धं च गन्धर्वोन्मत्तं विद्यात्;
(चण्डं साहसिकं तीक्ष्णं गम्भीरमधृष्यं) मुखवाद्यनृत्यगीतान्नपानस्नानमाल्यधूपगन्धरतिं रक्तवस्त्रबलिकर्महास्यकथानुयोगप्रियंशुभगन्धं च गन्धर्वोन्मत्तं विद्यात्;
(caṇḍaṁ sāhasikaṁ tīkṣṇaṁ gambhīramadhr̥ṣyaṁ)mukhavādyanr̥tyagītānnapānasnānamālyadhūpagandharatiṁraktavastrabalikarmahāsyakathānuyōgapriyaṁ śubhagandhaṁ ca gandharvōnmattaṁ vidyāt;
(caṇḍaṁ sāhasikaṁ tīkṣṇaṁ gambhīramadhr̥ṣyaṁ)mukhavādyanr̥tyagītānnapānasnānamālyadhūpagandharatiṁraktavastrabalikarmahāsyakathānuyōgapriyaṁ śubhagandhaṁ ca gandharvōnmattaṁ vidyāt;
(caNDaM sAhasikaM tIkShNaM gambhIramadhRuShyaM)mukhavAdyanRutyagItAnnapAnasnAnamAlyadhUpagandharatiMraktavastrabalikarmahAsyakathAnuyogapriyaM shubhagandhaM ca gandharvonmattaM vidyAt;
(caNDaM sAhasikaM tIkShNaM gambhIramadhRuShyaM)mukhavAdyanRutyagItAnnapAnasnAnamAlyadhUpagandharatiMraktavastrabalikarmahAsyakathAnuyogapriyaM shubhagandhaM ca gandharvonmattaM vidyAt;
Violent acts, over courageousness, sharpness, seriousness, invincibility, liking for vocal music, instrumental music played by mouth, dancing, singing, good food & drinks, garlands, incense, perfume, red apparels, bali (offerings of sacrifices), laughing, humourous talks & pleasant aroma from the body are the features of the patients suffering from unmada caused due to affliction by gandharvas (celestial musicians).
Violent acts, over courageousness, sharpness, seriousness, invincibility, liking for vocal music, instrumental music played by mouth, dancing, singing, good food & drinks, garlands, incense, perfume, red apparels, bali (offerings of sacrifices), laughing, humourous talks & pleasant aroma from the body are the features of the patients suffering from unmada caused due to affliction by gandharvas (celestial musicians).
Unmada due to affliction of yaksha:
===== Unmada due to affliction of yaksha =====
असकृत्स्वप्नरोदनहास्यं नृत्यगीतवाद्यपाठकथान्नपानस्नानमाल्यधूपगन्धरतिंरक्तविप्लुताक्षं द्विजातिवैद्यपरिवादिनं रहस्यभाषिणं च यक्षोन्मत्तं विद्यात्;
असकृत्स्वप्नरोदनहास्यं नृत्यगीतवाद्यपाठकथान्नपानस्नानमाल्यधूपगन्धरतिंरक्तविप्लुताक्षं द्विजातिवैद्यपरिवादिनं रहस्यभाषिणं च यक्षोन्मत्तं विद्यात्;
asakr̥tsvapnarōdanahāsyaṁ nr̥tyagītavādyapāṭhakathānnapānasnānamālyadhūpagandharatiṁraktaviplutākṣaṁ dvijātivaidyaparivādinaṁ rahasyabhāṣiṇaṁ ca yakṣōnmattaṁ vidyāt;
asakr̥tsvapnarōdanahāsyaṁ nr̥tyagītavādyapāṭhakathānnapānasnānamālyadhūpagandharatiṁraktaviplutākṣaṁ dvijātivaidyaparivādinaṁ rahasyabhāṣiṇaṁ ca yakṣōnmattaṁ vidyāt;
asakRutsvapnarodanahAsyaM nRutyagItavAdyapAThakathAnnapAnasnAnamAlyadhUpagandharatiMraktaviplutAkShaM dvijAtivaidyaparivAdinaM rahasyabhAShiNaM ca yakShonmattaM vidyAt;
asakRutsvapnarodanahAsyaM nRutyagItavAdyapAThakathAnnapAnasnAnamAlyadhUpagandharatiMraktaviplutAkShaM dvijAtivaidyaparivAdinaM rahasyabhAShiNaM ca yakShonmattaM vidyAt;
Frequent sleep, cry & laugh, liking for dancing, singing, playing instruments, reciting sacred scriptures, liking for stories, good food & drinks, garlands, incense, perfume, red & tearful eyes ,despising dvijas (persons of families of brahmana, kshatriya & vaishyas.) and physicians, disclosing the secrets are the features of the patients suffering from unmada caused due to affliction by yakshas (semidevine celestial being/ attendants of Kubera).
Frequent sleep, cry & laugh, liking for dancing, singing, playing instruments, reciting sacred scriptures, liking for stories, good food & drinks, garlands, incense, perfume, red & tearful eyes ,despising dvijas (persons of families of brahmana, kshatriya & vaishyas.) and physicians, disclosing the secrets are the features of the patients suffering from unmada caused due to affliction by yakshas (semidevine celestial being/ attendants of Kubera).
Unmada due to affliction of rakshasa (demons):
===== Unmada due to affliction of rakshasa (demons) =====
नष्टनिद्रमन्नपानद्वेषिणमनाहारमप्यतिबलिनं शस्त्रशोणितमांसरक्तमाल्याभिलाषिणं सन्तर्जकं च राक्षसोन्मत्तं विद्यात्;
नष्टनिद्रमन्नपानद्वेषिणमनाहारमप्यतिबलिनं शस्त्रशोणितमांसरक्तमाल्याभिलाषिणं सन्तर्जकं च राक्षसोन्मत्तं विद्यात्;
naṣṭanidramannapānadvēṣiṇamanāhāramapyatibalinaṁ śastraśōṇitamāṁsaraktamālyābhilāṣiṇaṁsantarjakaṁ ca rākṣasōnmattaṁ vidyāt;
naṣṭanidramannapānadvēṣiṇamanāhāramapyatibalinaṁ śastraśōṇitamāṁsaraktamālyābhilāṣiṇaṁsantarjakaṁ ca rākṣasōnmattaṁ vidyāt;
naShTanidramannapAnadveShiNamanAhAramapyatibalinaMshastrashoNitamAMsaraktamAlyAbhilAShiNaM santarjakaM ca rAkShasonmattaM vidyAt;
naShTanidramannapAnadveShiNamanAhAramapyatibalinaMshastrashoNitamAMsaraktamAlyAbhilAShiNaM santarjakaM ca rAkShasonmattaM vidyAt;
Sleeplessness, hatred for food & drinks, and excessive strength inspite of aversion for food, liking for weapons, blood, meat & red garlands and ferociousness are the features of the patients suffering from unmada caused due to affliction by rakshasas (demons).
Sleeplessness, hatred for food & drinks, and excessive strength inspite of aversion for food, liking for weapons, blood, meat & red garlands and ferociousness are the features of the patients suffering from unmada caused due to affliction by rakshasas (demons).
Unmada due to affliction of brahma rakshasa (a class of evil demons): प्रहासनृत्यप्रधानं देवविप्रवैद्यद्वेषावज्ञाभिः स्तुतिवेदमन्त्रशास्त्रोदाहरणैः काष्ठादिभिरात्मपीडनेन च ब्रह्मराक्षसोन्मत्तंविद्यात्;
===== Unmada due to affliction of brahma rakshasa (a class of evil demons) =====
प्रहासनृत्यप्रधानं देवविप्रवैद्यद्वेषावज्ञाभिः स्तुतिवेदमन्त्रशास्त्रोदाहरणैः काष्ठादिभिरात्मपीडनेन च ब्रह्मराक्षसोन्मत्तंविद्यात्;
prahāsanr̥tyapradhānaṁ dēvavipravaidyadvēṣāvajñābhiḥstutivēdamantraśāstrōdāharaṇaiḥ kāṣṭhādibhirātmapīḍanēna ca brahmarākṣasōnmattaṁ vidyāt;
prahāsanr̥tyapradhānaṁ dēvavipravaidyadvēṣāvajñābhiḥstutivēdamantraśāstrōdāharaṇaiḥ kāṣṭhādibhirātmapīḍanēna ca brahmarākṣasōnmattaṁ vidyāt;
prahAsanRutyapradhAnaM devavipravaidyadveShAvaj~jAbhiH stutivedamantrashAstrodAharaNaiHkAShThAdibhirAtmapIDanena ca brahmarAkShasonmattaM vidyAt;
prahAsanRutyapradhAnaM devavipravaidyadveShAvaj~jAbhiH stutivedamantrashAstrodAharaNaiHkAShThAdibhirAtmapIDanena ca brahmarAkShasonmattaM vidyAt;
Excessive laughter, dance, hatred & disobedience to Gods, brahmins & physicians, reciting sacred scriptures & illustrations from hymns, the Vedas & mantras (Incantations), injuring himself by pieces of wood etc. are the features of the patients suffering from unmada caused due to affliction by brahma -rakshasas (a class of evil demons).
Excessive laughter, dance, hatred & disobedience to Gods, brahmins & physicians, reciting sacred scriptures & illustrations from hymns, the Vedas & mantras (Incantations), injuring himself by pieces of wood etc. are the features of the patients suffering from unmada caused due to affliction by brahma -rakshasas (a class of evil demons).
Unmada due to affliction of pishacha :
===== Unmada due to affliction of pishacha =====
अस्वस्थचित्तं स्थानमलभमानं नृत्यगीतहासिनं बद्धाबद्धप्रलापिनंसङ्करकूटमलिनरथ्याचेलतृणाश्मकाष्ठाधिरोहणरतिं भिन्नरूक्षस्वरं नग्नं विधावन्तं नैकत्र तिष्ठन्तं दुःखान्यावेदयन्तंनष्टस्मृतिं च पिशाचोन्मत्तं विद्यात्||२०||
अस्वस्थचित्तं स्थानमलभमानं नृत्यगीतहासिनं बद्धाबद्धप्रलापिनंसङ्करकूटमलिनरथ्याचेलतृणाश्मकाष्ठाधिरोहणरतिं भिन्नरूक्षस्वरं नग्नं विधावन्तं नैकत्र तिष्ठन्तं दुःखान्यावेदयन्तंनष्टस्मृतिं च पिशाचोन्मत्तं विद्यात्||२०||
asvasthacittaṁ sthānamalabhamānaṁ nr̥tyagītahāsinaṁ baddhābaddhapralāpinaṁsaṅkarakūṭamalinarathyācēlatr̥ṇāśmakāṣṭhādhirōhaṇaratiṁ bhinnarūkṣasvaraṁ nagnaṁ vidhāvantaṁnaikatra tiṣṭhantaṁ duḥkhānyāvēdayantaṁ naṣṭasmr̥tiṁ ca piśācōnmattaṁ vidyāt||20||
asvasthacittaṁ sthānamalabhamānaṁ nr̥tyagītahāsinaṁ baddhābaddhapralāpinaṁsaṅkarakūṭamalinarathyācēlatr̥ṇāśmakāṣṭhādhirōhaṇaratiṁ bhinnarūkṣasvaraṁ nagnaṁ vidhāvantaṁnaikatra tiṣṭhantaṁ duḥkhānyāvēdayantaṁ naṣṭasmr̥tiṁ ca piśācōnmattaṁ vidyāt||20||
One who has impaired mind (fickle minded), does not find peace anywhere, dances, sings and laughs frequently, delirious with coherent or incoherent speech, fond of climbing on garbage, dirty lanes, cloth, grass, stone and wood, has hoarse and rough voice, remains naked, running & not standing at a place, always complaining of his miseries & sorrows before others and has lost his memory should be known as unmada caused due to affliction by pishacha (a class of demons). (20)
One who has impaired mind (fickle minded), does not find peace anywhere, dances, sings and laughs frequently, delirious with coherent or incoherent speech, fond of climbing on garbage, dirty lanes, cloth, grass, stone and wood, has hoarse and rough voice, remains naked, running & not standing at a place, always complaining of his miseries & sorrows before others and has lost his memory should be known as unmada caused due to affliction by pishacha (a class of demons). (20)
Days, time and susceptible persons for affliction:
==== Days, time and susceptible persons for affliction ====
तत्र चौक्षाचारं तपःस्वाध्यायकोविदं नरं प्रायः शुक्लप्रतिपदि त्रयोदश्यां च छिद्रमवेक्ष्याभिधर्षयन्ति देवाः,स्नानशुचिविविक्तसेविनं धर्मशास्त्रश्रुतिवाक्यकुशलं प्रायः षष्ठ्यां नवम्यां चर्षयः, मातृपितृगुरुवृद्धसिद्धाचार्योपसेविनं प्रायोदशम्याममावस्यायां च पितरः, गन्धर्वाः स्तुतिगीतवादित्ररतिं परदारगन्धमाल्यप्रियं चौक्षाचारं प्रायो द्वादश्यां चतुर्दश्यां च,सत्त्वबलरूपगर्वशौर्ययुक्तं माल्यानुलेपनहास्यप्रियमतिवाक्करणं प्रायः शुक्लैकादश्यां सप्तम्यां च यक्षाः,स्वाध्यायतपोनियमोपवासब्रह्मचर्यदेवयतिगुरुपूजाऽरतिं भ्रष्टशौचं ब्राह्मणमब्राह्मणं वा ब्राह्म्णवादिनं शूरमानिनंदेवागारसलिलक्रीडनरतिं प्रायः शुक्लपञ्चम्यां पूर्णचन्द्रदर्शने च ब्रह्मराक्षसाः, रक्षःपिशाचास्तु हीनसत्त्वं पिशुनं स्त्रैणं लुब्धंशठं प्रायो द्वितीयातृतीयाष्टमीषु; इत्यपरिसङ्ख्येयानां ग्रहाणामाविष्कृततमा ह्यष्टावेते व्याख्याताः||२१||
तत्र चौक्षाचारं तपःस्वाध्यायकोविदं नरं प्रायः शुक्लप्रतिपदि त्रयोदश्यां च छिद्रमवेक्ष्याभिधर्षयन्ति देवाः,स्नानशुचिविविक्तसेविनं धर्मशास्त्रश्रुतिवाक्यकुशलं प्रायः षष्ठ्यां नवम्यां चर्षयः, मातृपितृगुरुवृद्धसिद्धाचार्योपसेविनं प्रायोदशम्याममावस्यायां च पितरः, गन्धर्वाः स्तुतिगीतवादित्ररतिं परदारगन्धमाल्यप्रियं चौक्षाचारं प्रायो द्वादश्यां चतुर्दश्यां च,सत्त्वबलरूपगर्वशौर्ययुक्तं माल्यानुलेपनहास्यप्रियमतिवाक्करणं प्रायः शुक्लैकादश्यां सप्तम्यां च यक्षाः,स्वाध्यायतपोनियमोपवासब्रह्मचर्यदेवयतिगुरुपूजाऽरतिं भ्रष्टशौचं ब्राह्मणमब्राह्मणं वा ब्राह्म्णवादिनं शूरमानिनंदेवागारसलिलक्रीडनरतिं प्रायः शुक्लपञ्चम्यां पूर्णचन्द्रदर्शने च ब्रह्मराक्षसाः, रक्षःपिशाचास्तु हीनसत्त्वं पिशुनं स्त्रैणं लुब्धंशठं प्रायो द्वितीयातृतीयाष्टमीषु; इत्यपरिसङ्ख्येयानां ग्रहाणामाविष्कृततमा ह्यष्टावेते व्याख्याताः||२१||
tatra caukShAcAraM tapaHsvAdhyAyakovidaM naraM prAyaH shuklapratipadi trayodashyAM cachidramavekShyAbhidharShayanti [1] devAH, snAnashuciviviktasevinaMdharmashAstrashrutivAkyakushalaM prAyaH ShaShThyAM navamyAM carShayaH,mAtRupitRuguruvRuddhasiddhAcAryopasevinaM prAyo dashamyAmamAvasyAyAM ca pitaraH, gandharvAHstutigItavAditraratiM paradAragandhamAlyapriyaM caukShAcAraM prAyo dvAdashyAM caturdashyAM ca,sattvabalarUpagarvashauryayuktaM mAlyAnulepanahAsyapriyamativAkkaraNaM [2] prAyaHshuklaikAdashyAM saptamyAM ca yakShAH,svAdhyAyataponiyamopavAsabrahmacaryadevayatigurupUjA~aratiM bhraShTashaucaMbrAhmaNamabrAhmaNaM vA brAhmNavAdinaM shUramAninaM devAgArasalilakrIDanaratiM prAyaHshuklapa~jcamyAM pUrNacandradarshane ca brahmarAkShasAH, rakShaHpishAcAstu hInasattvaMpishunaM straiNaM [3] lubdhaM shaThaM prAyo [4] dvitIyAtRutIyAShTamIShu; ityaparisa~gkhyeyAnAMgrahANAmAviShkRutatamA hyaShTAvete vyAkhyAtAH||21||
tatra caukShAcAraM tapaHsvAdhyAyakovidaM naraM prAyaH shuklapratipadi trayodashyAM cachidramavekShyAbhidharShayanti [1] devAH, snAnashuciviviktasevinaMdharmashAstrashrutivAkyakushalaM prAyaH ShaShThyAM navamyAM carShayaH,mAtRupitRuguruvRuddhasiddhAcAryopasevinaM prAyo dashamyAmamAvasyAyAM ca pitaraH, gandharvAHstutigItavAditraratiM paradAragandhamAlyapriyaM caukShAcAraM prAyo dvAdashyAM caturdashyAM ca,sattvabalarUpagarvashauryayuktaM mAlyAnulepanahAsyapriyamativAkkaraNaM [2] prAyaHshuklaikAdashyAM saptamyAM ca yakShAH,svAdhyAyataponiyamopavAsabrahmacaryadevayatigurupUjA~aratiM bhraShTashaucaMbrAhmaNamabrAhmaNaM vA brAhmNavAdinaM shUramAninaM devAgArasalilakrIDanaratiM prAyaHshuklapa~jcamyAM pUrNacandradarshane ca brahmarAkShasAH, rakShaHpishAcAstu hInasattvaMpishunaM straiNaM [3] lubdhaM shaThaM prAyo [4] dvitIyAtRutIyAShTamIShu; ityaparisa~gkhyeyAnAMgrahANAmAviShkRutatamA hyaShTAvete vyAkhyAtAH||21||
The Gods (deva) attack the person with purity & good conduct and engage in austerity and study of religious scriptures by finding an opportunity to afflict often on the first or thirteenth day of the bright fortnight.
The Sages (rishis) posess the person who is fond of bath, purity and loneliness and is conversant with religious scriptures and vedic sentences often on sixth or ninth day of fortnight by finding an opportunity to afflict. .
The forefathers (pitris) enter into the person who is engaged in the service of mother, father, and teacher, elders, siddhas (who have accomplished spiritual perfection) and preceptors often on tenth day of the dark fortnight or new moon by finding an opportunity to afflict.
The gandharvas (celestial musicians) enter into person who is fond of hymns (praising verses), vocal and instrumental music; has liking for others wife, perfume and garland, and has purity & good conduct often on twelfth and fourteenth day of the fortnight (by finding an opportunity to afflict in them).
Yakshas (semidivine Celestial being/ attendants of Kubera) possess a person endowed with mental & physical strength, good complexion, ego & valour, who are fond of garlands, unctuous substances and laughter, who is talkative generally during the seventh & twelth day of bright fortnight (by finding an opportunity to afflict in them).
Yakshas (semidivine Celestial being/ attendants of Kubera) possess a person endowed with mental & physical strength, good complexion, ego & valour, who are fond of garlands, unctuous substances and laughter, who is talkative generally during the seventh & twelth day of bright fortnight (by finding an opportunity to afflict in them).
Brahma-rakshasa (a class of evil demons) enters into the person who has disliking for study, austerity, religious practices & rules, fasting celibacy and worship of god, ascetics and preceptors(gurus); lost interest in cleanliness, whether brahmana or not but says himself as brahmana, regards himself as brave, has fondness for playing in temples and water tanks often on the fifth day of the bright fortnight (shukla paksha) or full moon day .
Rakshasa (demons) and pishachas (a class of evil demons) attack the person who has inferior psyche (devoid of will power), has back- biting tendency, fond of women, thief, greedy and wicked often on the second, third and eighth day of the fortnight. These are the eight prominent ones among innumerable grahas (seizures), which are described. (21)
Untreatable unmada:
==== Untreatable unmada ====
सर्वेष्वपि तु खल्वेषु यो हस्तावुद्यम्य रोषसंरम्भान्निःशङ्कमन्येष्वात्मनि वा निपातयेत् स ह्यसाध्यो ज्ञेयः; तथा यः साश्रुनेत्रोमेढ्रप्रवृत्तरक्तः क्षतजिह्वः प्रस्रुतनासिकश्छिद्यमानचर्माऽप्रतिहन्यमानवाणिः सततं विकूजन् दुर्वर्णस्तृषार्तः पूतिगन्धश्च सहिंसार्थिनोन्मत्तो ज्ञेयः; तं परिवर्जयेत्||२२||
सर्वेष्वपि तु खल्वेषु यो हस्तावुद्यम्य रोषसंरम्भान्निःशङ्कमन्येष्वात्मनि वा निपातयेत् स ह्यसाध्यो ज्ञेयः; तथा यः साश्रुनेत्रोमेढ्रप्रवृत्तरक्तः क्षतजिह्वः प्रस्रुतनासिकश्छिद्यमानचर्माऽप्रतिहन्यमानवाणिः सततं विकूजन् दुर्वर्णस्तृषार्तः पूतिगन्धश्च सहिंसार्थिनोन्मत्तो ज्ञेयः; तं परिवर्जयेत्||२२||
Of the above varieties of unmadas, he who strikes at others or himself, without hesitation raising his hands with wrath and agitation should be considered as incurable. He who has tearful eyes, haemorrhage from penis, wounded tongue, running nose, a bruised skin, uncounteractable hands, constantly groaning, deranged complexion, excessive thirst and foul smell should be known as maddened by a violent type of spirits (grahas) and should not be treated. (22)
Of the above varieties of unmadas, he who strikes at others or himself, without hesitation raising his hands with wrath and agitation should be considered as incurable. He who has tearful eyes, haemorrhage from penis, wounded tongue, running nose, a bruised skin, uncounteractable hands, constantly groaning, deranged complexion, excessive thirst and foul smell should be known as maddened by a violent type of spirits (grahas) and should not be treated. (22)
Management principles:
==== Management principles ====
रत्यर्चनाकामोन्मादिनौ तु भिषगभिप्रायाचाराभ्यां बुद्ध्वा तदङ्गोपहारबलिमिश्रेण|
रत्यर्चनाकामोन्मादिनौ तु भिषगभिप्रायाचाराभ्यां बुद्ध्वा तदङ्गोपहारबलिमिश्रेण|
मन्त्रभैषज्यविधिनोपक्रमेत्||२३||
मन्त्रभैषज्यविधिनोपक्रमेत्||२३||
Those madden by the types of spirits possessing due to longing for pleasure and worship, should be ascertained as such by the liking (intentions) and behavior (conduct ) of the patients and should be treated with administration of the mantras (inchantations/hymns) and drugs mixed with the respective gifts and offerings. (23)
Those madden by the types of spirits possessing due to longing for pleasure and worship, should be ascertained as such by the liking (intentions) and behavior (conduct ) of the patients and should be treated with administration of the mantras (inchantations/hymns) and drugs mixed with the respective gifts and offerings. (23)
तत्र द्वयोरपि निजागन्तुनिमित्तयोरुन्मादयोः समासविस्तराभ्यां भेषजविधिमनुव्याख्यास्यामः||२४||
तत्र द्वयोरपि निजागन्तुनिमित्तयोरुन्मादयोः समासविस्तराभ्यां भेषजविधिमनुव्याख्यास्यामः||२४||
उन्मादे वातजे पूर्वं स्नेहपानं विशेषवित्|
उन्मादे वातजे पूर्वं स्नेहपानं विशेषवित्|
mantrabhaiShajyavidhinopakramet||23||
mantrabhaiShajyavidhinopakramet||23||
tatra dvayorapi nijAgantunimittayorunmAdayoH samAsavistarAbhyAMbheShajavidhimanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH||24||
tatra dvayorapi nijAgantunimittayorunmAdayoH
samAsavistarAbhyAMbheShajavidhimanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH||24||
unmAde vAtaje pUrvaM snehapAnaM visheShavit|
unmAde vAtaje pUrvaM snehapAnaM visheShavit|
kuryAdAvRutamArge tu sasnehaM mRudu shodhanam||25||
kuryAdAvRutamArge tu sasnehaM mRudu shodhanam||25||
sarpiHpAnAdirAgantormantrAdishceShyate vidhiH|33|
sarpiHpAnAdirAgantormantrAdishceShyate vidhiH|33|
Now (I)‘ll describe in brief and detail the treatment of both the endogenous and exogenous types of unmada.
Now (I)‘ll describe in brief and detail the treatment of both the endogenous and exogenous types of unmada.
In vata dominant type, first of all one should prescribe intake of oils & ghritas (sneha) substance but if there is obstruction in channels, mild unctuous evacuatives in small quantities should be administrated.
If the insanity is caused by kapha and pitta, emesis and purgation should be given after unction and sudation. Post- evacuation dietetic regimen should be prescribed (gradually from lighter to heaviour diet as per prescribed procedure). Thereafter non-unctuous (niruha) and unctuous (anuvasana) enema and nasal errhines (shiro-virechana) should be administrated. Depending upon the predominance of doshas, one or the other of the above measures should be repeatedly applied.
By the administration of these therapeutic measures, heart, sense organs, head and bowels (koshtha) get cleansed as a result of which the mind gets refreshed and the patient regains memory as well as consciousness.
Even after the completion of above cleansing procedure, if the abnormal behaviour persists, the application of irritant snuffing, collyrium and beating should be done, which are useful for stimulating his mind, intellect and body.
One who is non- submissive & strong in physique, should be bound with firm and soft cotton bandage and should be confined in a dark room free from irons rods, wooden pieces etc.
Verbal teasing or threatening/shouting with anger (tarjana), terrorizing (trasanam), gifts /donations(danam), gladdening & exhilaration(hanshanam), consolation (santwanam), frightening(bhayam) and astonishing/exhibition of surprising acts (vismaya) restore the mind to normalcy by diverting it & counteracting the causes of loss of memory.
The patients suffering from unmada should be administered thick ointment (pradeha), anointing (utsadana), massage (abhyanga), fumigation (dhuma) and intake of ghee to arouse mind, intellect, memory and consciousness.
In exogenous type of unmada, intake of ghee (sarpih pana) etc. along with chanting of hymns (mantras) is recommended for the benefit of the patient. (24-32)
In exogenous type of unmada, intake of ghee (sarpih pana) etc. along with chanting of hymns (mantras) is recommended for the benefit of the patient. (24-32)
Various formulations:
Hingvadi ghee:
==== Various formulations ====
===== Hingvadi ghee =====
अतः सिद्धतमान्योगाञ्छृणून्मादविनाशनान्||३३||
अतः सिद्धतमान्योगाञ्छृणून्मादविनाशनान्||३३||
हिङ्गुसौवर्चलव्योषैर्द्विपलांशैर्घृताढकम्|
हिङ्गुसौवर्चलव्योषैर्द्विपलांशैर्घृताढकम्|
Now listen, some of the most efficacious formulations for alleviating the unmada.
Now listen, some of the most efficacious formulations for alleviating the unmada.
Hingu, sauvarcala & trikatu (shunthi , marich & pippali ) each 80 gm (02 palas) should be made to paste and cooked with one adhak of ghee (2.56 kg ) and four times cow’s urine is a tested destroyer of unmada.(33-34)
Hingu, sauvarcala & trikatu (shunthi , marich & pippali ) each 80 gm (02 palas) should be made to paste and cooked with one adhak of ghee (2.56 kg ) and four times cow’s urine is a tested destroyer of unmada.(33-34)
===== Kalyanaka ghee =====
विशाला त्रिफला कौन्ती देवदार्वेलवालुकम्|
विशाला त्रिफला कौन्ती देवदार्वेलवालुकम्|
स्थिरा नतं रजन्यौ द्वे सारिवे द्वे प्रियङ्गुका||३५||
स्थिरा नतं रजन्यौ द्वे सारिवे द्वे प्रियङ्गुका||३५||
kalyāṇakamidaṁ sarpiḥ śrēṣṭhaṁ puṁsavanēṣu caiti kalyāṇakaṁ ghr̥tam
kalyāṇakamidaṁ sarpiḥ śrēṣṭhaṁ puṁsavanēṣu caiti kalyāṇakaṁ ghr̥tam
ratyarcanAkAmonmAdinau tu bhiShagabhiprAyAcArAbhyAM buddhvA tada~ggopahArabalimishreNa|
ratyarcanAkAmonmAdinau tu bhiShagabhiprAyAcArAbhyAM
buddhvA tada~ggopahArabalimishreNa|
Vishala, triphala, harenuka, devadaru, elevaluka, shalaparni, tagara, two types of haridra (haridra and dauharidra), two types of sariva, priyangu, nilotpala, ela, manjishtha,danti,dadima, nagakeshara, talisapatra, brahati, fresh flower of jati, vidanga, prishnaparni, kushtha, chandana and padmak, (total 28 drugs) each 10 gm, and ghee 640 gm, should be cooked well with four times water.
This ghee is useful in epilepsy, fever, cough, poor digestion, wasting, vatarakta, coryza, tertian and quaternary fever, vomiting, piles, dysuria, erysipelas, itching, anemia, unmada, poisoning, prameha, mental affection by supernatural beings (evil spirits), stammering voice, loss of consciousness and female sterility. It promotes life span, wealth and strength. It alleviates inauspiciousness, sins and micro- organism including all the grahas (seizures). This kalyanaka ghrita is also excellent for punsavana (samskara for formation of fetus). (35-41,1/2)
This ghee is useful in epilepsy, fever, cough, poor digestion, wasting, vatarakta, coryza, tertian and quaternary fever, vomiting, piles, dysuria, erysipelas, itching, anemia, unmada, poisoning, prameha, mental affection by supernatural beings (evil spirits), stammering voice, loss of consciousness and female sterility. It promotes life span, wealth and strength. It alleviates inauspiciousness, sins and micro- organism including all the grahas (seizures). This kalyanaka ghrita is also excellent for punsavana (samskara for formation of fetus). (35-41,1/2)
Mahakalyanaka ghee:
===== Mahakalyanaka ghee =====
एभ्य एव स्थिरादीनि जले पक्त्वैकविंशतिम्||४२||
एभ्य एव स्थिरादीनि जले पक्त्वैकविंशतिम्||४२||
रसे तस्मिन् पचेत् सर्पिर्गृष्टिक्षीरे चतुर्गुणे|
रसे तस्मिन् पचेत् सर्पिर्गृष्टिक्षीरे चतुर्गुणे|
iti mahAkalyANakaM ghRutam
iti mahAkalyANakaM ghRutam
In the same way, the twenty one drugs beginning with ‘sthira’ (shalparni) are boiled in water. With this decoction ghee is cooked adding four times milk of primi para cow (milk collected from the cow after its first delivery) and paste of vira, two types of masha (masha and rajmasha) , kakoli, kapikacchu, rishabhaka and riddhi. This Mahakalyanak ghrita is particularly nourishing (bulk promoting) and an excellent alleviator of sannipata (simultaneous vitiation of all three doshas). (42 1/2-44)
In the same way, the twenty one drugs beginning with ‘sthira’ (shalparni) are boiled in water. With this decoction ghee is cooked adding four times milk of primi para cow (milk collected from the cow after its first delivery) and paste of vira, two types of masha (masha and rajmasha) , kakoli, kapikacchu, rishabhaka and riddhi. This Mahakalyanak ghrita is particularly nourishing (bulk promoting) and an excellent alleviator of sannipata (simultaneous vitiation of all three doshas). (42 1/2-44)
Mahapaishachika ghee:
===== Mahapaishachika ghee =====
जटिलां पूतनां केशीं चारटीं मर्कटीं वचाम्|
जटिलां पूतनां केशीं चारटीं मर्कटीं वचाम्|
त्रायमाणां जयां वीरां चोरकं कटुरोहिणीम्||४५||
त्रायमाणां जयां वीरां चोरकं कटुरोहिणीम्||४५||
Ghee processed with drugs like jatamansi, haritaki, bhutkeshi, charati, kapikacchu, vacha, trayamana, jaya (jayanti), vira(kshirakakoli), choraka, katurohini, vayastha, varahi, chhatra, atichhatra, palankasha, shatavari, kayastha, two types of nakuli (nakuli and gandha nakuli), katabhi and shalaparni, is known as mahapaishachika ghrita. It is like ambrosia and alleviates quartan fever, unmada, epilepsy. It also promotes intellect and memory and help in development of children. This is mahapaishachika ghrta. (45-48)
Ghee processed with drugs like jatamansi, haritaki, bhutkeshi, charati, kapikacchu, vacha, trayamana, jaya (jayanti), vira(kshirakakoli), choraka, katurohini, vayastha, varahi, chhatra, atichhatra, palankasha, shatavari, kayastha, two types of nakuli (nakuli and gandha nakuli), katabhi and shalaparni, is known as mahapaishachika ghrita. It is like ambrosia and alleviates quartan fever, unmada, epilepsy. It also promotes intellect and memory and help in development of children. This is mahapaishachika ghrta. (45-48)
Lashunadya ghee:
===== Lashunadya ghee =====
लशुनानां शतं त्रिंशदभयास्त्र्यूषणात् पलम्|
लशुनानां शतं त्रिंशदभयास्त्र्यूषणात् पलम्|
गवां चर्ममसीप्रस्थो द्व्याढकं क्षीरमूत्रयोः||४९||
गवां चर्ममसीप्रस्थो द्व्याढकं क्षीरमूत्रयोः||४९||
vAtashleShmAmayAn sarvAnunmAdAMshcApakarShati||56||
vAtashleShmAmayAn sarvAnunmAdAMshcApakarShati||56||
ityaparaM lashunAdyaM ghRutam
ityaparaM lashunAdyaM ghRutam
One hundred dehusked bulbs of garlic, 30 fruits of haritaki, trikatu 40 gm ,ash of cow leather 640 gm, cow milk and cow urine 5.12kgshould be well cooked with ten year old cow ghee 640 gm .After it is well cooked and cooled, 40 gms of powder of hingu and honey 320gm should be added .This lashunadya ghrita applied in the form of intake, massage and snuffing alleviates quickly all types of unmada, both endogenous and exogenous, intermittent fever and epilepsy. (49-51)
One hundred dehusked bulbs of garlic, 30 fruits of haritaki, trikatu 40 gm ,ash of cow leather 640 gm, cow milk and cow urine 5.12kgshould be well cooked with ten year old cow ghee 640 gm .After it is well cooked and cooled, 40 gms of powder of hingu and honey 320gm should be added .This lashunadya ghrita applied in the form of intake, massage and snuffing alleviates quickly all types of unmada, both endogenous and exogenous, intermittent fever and epilepsy. (49-51)
Second formulation of lashunadya ghrita:
Second formulation of lashunadya ghrita:
Undamaged garlic decorticated -200gm, dashamula -100gm should be boiled in 5.12 liters of water and reduced to one fourth. Thereafter ghee -640 gm garlic juice -640 gm along with the juice of kola (jujube), radish, vrikshamla, matulunga and fresh ginger, pomegranate, sura, curd water and sour gruel -each 320 ml and the past of triphala, devadaru, rocksalt, trikatu, ajamoda, yavani, chavya, hingu and amlavetasa -each 20 gm should be cooked. This medicated ghee by intake alleviates colic, gulma, piles, udara, inguinal hernia, anemia, spleen enlargement, female genital disorders, fever, worms, disorder of vata, kapha and all types of unmada. (52-56)
Different useful recipes of medicated ghee:
===== Different useful recipes of medicated ghee =====
हिङ्गुना हिङ्गुपर्ण्या च सकायस्थवयःस्थया|
हिङ्गुना हिङ्गुपर्ण्या च सकायस्थवयःस्थया|
सिद्धं सर्पिर्हितं तद्वद्वयःस्थाहिङ्गुचोरकैः||५७||
सिद्धं सर्पिर्हितं तद्वद्वयःस्थाहिङ्गुचोरकैः||५७||
After administrating the maximum dose the patient should be kept in isolation in some underground ditch or room. Particularly old ghee should be administrated to the patients of unmada. (57-58)
After administrating the maximum dose the patient should be kept in isolation in some underground ditch or room. Particularly old ghee should be administrated to the patients of unmada. (57-58)
Therpeutic utility of old ghee:
==== Therpeutic utility of old ghee ====
Old ghee is alleviator of tridosha, particularly destroys demonic seizures because of being pure/sacred nature, by intake is more potent in properties and is pungent- bitter in taste. The ghee stored for ten years is taken as old (puran ghrita). It is irritant in smell. In colour it is like solution of lac in appearance, cold and destroys all grahas. It promotes intellect and is an excellent purgative.
Ghee kept beyond ten years is called as ‘pra-puran’ (extremely old). There is no disease, which is incurable for the ghee which is old by one hundred years. It destroys all the grahas by seeing, touching, inhaling and is particularly recommended for those suffering from epilepsy (apasmara), grahas (demonic seizures) and unmada . (59-62)
Ghee kept beyond ten years is called as ‘pra-puran’ (extremely old). There is no disease, which is incurable for the ghee which is old by one hundred years. It destroys all the grahas by seeing, touching, inhaling and is particularly recommended for those suffering from epilepsy (apasmara), grahas (demonic seizures) and unmada . (59-62)
External applications in vata-kapha dominant unmada:
==== External applications in vata-kapha dominant unmada ====
एतानौषधयोगान् वा विधेयत्वमगच्छति||६३||
एतानौषधयोगान् वा विधेयत्वमगच्छति||६३||
अञ्जनोत्सादनालेपनावनादिषु योजयेत्|
अञ्जनोत्सादनालेपनावनादिषु योजयेत्|
vAtashleShmAtmake prAyaH ...|76|
vAtashleShmAtmake prAyaH ...|76|
If the patient does not come under control, the following formulations should be use as collyrium (anjana), anointing (utsadan), paste (alepa), inhalation therapy (navana) etc. (63 1/2)
If the patient does not come under control, the following formulations should be use as collyrium (anjana), anointing (utsadan), paste (alepa), inhalation therapy (navana) etc. (63 1/2)
Shirisha, madhuka, hingu, lashuna, tagar, vacha and kushtha powdered & triturated with goat’s urine are useful for snuff and collyrium.
Likewise, trikatu, two types of haridra, manjishtha, hingu, sarshapa, seeds of shirisha used as snuff and collyrium, alleviate unmada, grahas and epilepsy. (641/2-1/2 66)
Apamarga, hingu, haratala, and hingupatrika- in equal quantity, maricha in half quantity are powdered with bile of cow and jackal and made into wick (varties). This stick is applied to eyes in epilepsy, unmada, caused by evil spirits, possession by evil spirits and gods and in eye disease. (661/2-1/2 68)
Maricha impregnated with (the above) bile and kept in the sun for a month makes a collyrium which is useful in defects of vision and loss of memory caused by vitiated doshas and demonic seizures. (681/2-1/2 69)
Siddharthakadi Agada :
Siddharthakadi Agada :
White mustard, vacha, hingu, karanja, devadaru, manjishtha, triphala, shveta, katabhi (bark), trikatu, priyangu, shirisha and two types of haridra – all taken in equal quantity are powederd with goat’s urine. This is an antipoison formulation and used as intake, collyrium, snuff, paste, bath and anointing. It alleviates epilepsy, poisoning, unmada, magical spells, inauspiciousness and fever. It averts fear from the spirits and also protects in royal place.
White mustard, vacha, hingu, karanja, devadaru, manjishtha, triphala, shveta, katabhi (bark), trikatu, priyangu, shirisha and two types of haridra – all taken in equal quantity are powederd with goat’s urine. This is an antipoison formulation and used as intake, collyrium, snuff, paste, bath and anointing. It alleviates epilepsy, poisoning, unmada, magical spells, inauspiciousness and fever. It averts fear from the spirits and also protects in royal place.
Ghee cooked with these drugs along with cow’s urine serves the same therapeutic purpose. (691/2-1/2 73)
-If there is excessive salivation and chronic coryza, the smoking cigar (medicated cigar) made of aromatic substances should be given for smoking. These fragrant & aromatic substances are described under the vairechanika dhuma (medicated smoking (sutra sthana chapter 5) . (731/2-1/2 74)
- Similarly, the patient should be given medicated cigar prepared from shweta along with hingu.
- Similarly, the patient should be given medicated cigar prepared from shweta along with hingu.
- In the unmada caused by vata and kapha, sprinkling collyrium(anjana), blowing(pradhamana), snuffing(nasya) and smoking(fumigation) should be done with application of urine, bile, faeces, skin, hairs, nails and hide of porcupine (shallaka), owl (uluka), cat (marjara), jackal (jambuka), wolf (vrika) and goat (basta). (741/2-1/2 76)
- In the unmada caused by vata and kapha, sprinkling collyrium(anjana), blowing(pradhamana), snuffing(nasya) and smoking(fumigation) should be done with application of urine, bile, faeces, skin, hairs, nails and hide of porcupine (shallaka), owl (uluka), cat (marjara), jackal (jambuka), wolf (vrika) and goat (basta). (741/2-1/2 76)
Treatment of pitta dominant unmada:
==== Treatment of pitta dominant unmada ====
... पैत्तिके तु प्रशस्यते|
... पैत्तिके तु प्रशस्यते|
तिक्तकं जीवनीयं च सर्पिः स्नेहश्च मिश्रकः||७६||
तिक्तकं जीवनीयं च सर्पिः स्नेहश्च मिश्रकः||७६||
sha~gkhakeshAntasandhau vA mokShayejj~jo bhiShak sirAm|
sha~gkhakeshAntasandhau vA mokShayejj~jo bhiShak sirAm|
unmAde viShame caiva jvare~apasmAra eva ca||77||
unmAde viShame caiva jvare~apasmAra eva ca||77||
In pitta dominant type of unmada, the patients should be given tikta, and jivaniya ghrita (ghee cooked with bitter and vitallisers e.g. maha tiktaka ghrita (chikitsa sthana chapter 7 ) & jivaniya ghrita (chikitsa sthana chapter 29) and mishrak sneha (chikitsa sthana chapter 5) are efficacious. Moreover, the patient should be given cold, sweet and soft food and drinks or the physician should perform blood-letting vein situated at the joining place of temple and the end of hair line in unmada, irregular fever and epilepsy. (76-77)
In pitta dominant type of unmada, the patients should be given tikta, and jivaniya ghrita (ghee cooked with bitter and vitallisers e.g. maha tiktaka ghrita (chikitsa sthana chapter 7 ) & jivaniya ghrita (chikitsa sthana chapter 29) and mishrak sneha (chikitsa sthana chapter 5) are efficacious. Moreover, the patient should be given cold, sweet and soft food and drinks or the physician should perform blood-letting vein situated at the joining place of temple and the end of hair line in unmada, irregular fever and epilepsy. (76-77)
Isolation of unmada patients:
==== Isolation of unmada patients ====
घृतमांसवितृप्तं वा निवाते स्थापयेत् सुखम्|
घृतमांसवितृप्तं वा निवाते स्थापयेत् सुखम्|
त्यक्त्वा मतिस्मृतिभ्रंशं सञ्ज्ञां लब्ध्वा प्रमुच्यते ||७८||
त्यक्त्वा मतिस्मृतिभ्रंशं सञ्ज्ञां लब्ध्वा प्रमुच्यते ||७८||