Changes

==== Insomnia or sleeplessness (verse 52-54) ====

==== Insomnia or sleeplessness (verse 52-54) ====

''Anidra'' of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] is closely related to Insomnia, or sleeplessness of biomedical sciences. It is a disorder of sleep in which a person is unable to fall in sleep. Nowadays, insomnia is an important area of clinical practice to seek the attention of the physician because a large number of patients come to the hospital suffering from insomnia as secondary conditions.  It is sometimes a functional impairment during awake, which may occur at any age, but it is particularly common in the elderly. Insomnia is either short-term lasting up to 3 hours, or it may be long term lasting for > 3 hours. It may lead to developing dementia, lack of concentration, depression, mental irritation and increases the risk of cardio-vascular accidents along with increases the chances of a roadside accident. [80,81] Regarding its management some drug such as valerian extract has undergone multiple studies and appears to be moderately effective. Similarly, L-Arginine L-aspartate, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, and delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) appear to be significantly effective in the cases of insomnias. [82, 83]

''Anidra'' of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] is closely related to Insomnia, or sleeplessness of biomedical sciences. It is a disorder of sleep in which a person is unable to fall in sleep. Nowadays, insomnia is an important area of clinical practice to seek the attention of the physician because a large number of patients come to the hospital suffering from insomnia as secondary conditions.  It is sometimes a functional impairment during awake, which may occur at any age, but it is particularly common in the elderly. Insomnia is either short-term lasting up to 3 hours, or it may be long term lasting for > 3 hours. It may lead to developing dementia, lack of concentration, depression, mental irritation and increases the risk of cardio-vascular accidents along with increases the chances of a roadside accident. <ref>Roth, T. (2007). "Insomnia: Definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences". Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine3 (5 Suppl): S7–10.  </ref>  <ref>Wilson, Jennifer F. (2008). "Insomnia". Annals of Internal Medicine148: ITC1. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-1-200801010-01001 </ref> Regarding its management some drug such as valerian extract has undergone multiple studies and appears to be moderately effective. Similarly, L-Arginine L-aspartate, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, and delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) appear to be significantly effective in the cases of insomnias.<ref>Morin, C. M.; Koetter, U.; Bastien, C.; Ware, J. C.; Wooten, V. (2005). "Valerian-hops combination and diphenhydramine for treating insomnia: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial". Sleep28 (11): 1465–1471.  </ref>  <ref>Meolie, A. L.; Rosen, C. et al.: Clinical Practice Review Committee; American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2005). "Oral nonprescription treatment for insomnia: An evaluation of products with limited evidence". Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine1 (2): 173–187. PMID 17561634. </ref>

Improper sleep has a harmful impact on carbohydrate metabolism and endocrine function. Besides, it also reduces the metabolic activity in the brain with prolonging lack of sleep. The effects are similar to those seen in normal aging and, therefore, sleep debt may increase the severity of age-related chronic disorders. [85] Lack of sleep for prolonged period has been shown to affect cognitive functions of people involved in versatile activities along with interfering in mood and emotion. This is one of reason to increased tendency to fear, depression, and rage in the people having a deficiency in sleep. The mechanism and effects of sleep deficit are still evolving in the pathophysiology of sleep deficit. [84,85,86]

Improper sleep has a harmful impact on carbohydrate metabolism and endocrine function. Besides, it also reduces the metabolic activity in the brain with prolonging lack of sleep. The effects are similar to those seen in normal aging and, therefore, sleep debt may increase the severity of age-related chronic disorders. <ref name=ref85>Van Dongen, HP; Maislin, G; Mullington, JM; Dinges, DF (2003-03-15). "The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation.". Sleep26 (2): 117–26.</ref> Lack of sleep for prolonged period has been shown to affect cognitive functions of people involved in versatile activities along with interfering in mood and emotion. This is one of reason to increased tendency to fear, depression, and rage in the people having a deficiency in sleep. The mechanism and effects of sleep deficit are still evolving in the pathophysiology of sleep deficit.<ref>Karine Spiegel, Rachel Leproult, BS, Eve Van Cauter.: Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. The lancet, Volume 354, Issue 9188, 23 October 1999, Pages 1435–1439. </ref>  <ref name=ref85/> <ref>Chee, MW; Chuah, LY (August 2008). "Functional neuroimaging insights into how sleep and sleep deprivation affect memory and cognition.". Current Opinion in Neurology21 (4): 417–23.  </ref>

The concept of ''Nidra'' in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] is quite comparable to the sleep of biomedical sciences. The ''nidra'' is so important for the maintenance of health and sustaining the life. This is true in the light of contemporary scientific knowledge too. According to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda], ''kapha'' and ''tamas'' are responsible for ''nidra'' even as modern studies attribute the occurrence of sleep to many factors including stimulation of certain areas of the brain. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] classifies the ''nidra'' based on the mode of origin while modern classification of sleep based on physiological variations seen in association with the different types of sleep. Some factors like food, activities, external stimuli, etc. affect ''nidra'' or sleep. Any variation in the normal sleep pattern is not at all desirable, and they may cause serious health problems that demand proper medical attention.

The concept of ''Nidra'' in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] is quite comparable to the sleep of biomedical sciences. The ''nidra'' is so important for the maintenance of health and sustaining the life. This is true in the light of contemporary scientific knowledge too. According to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda], ''kapha'' and ''tamas'' are responsible for ''nidra'' even as modern studies attribute the occurrence of sleep to many factors including stimulation of certain areas of the brain. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] classifies the ''nidra'' based on the mode of origin while modern classification of sleep based on physiological variations seen in association with the different types of sleep. Some factors like food, activities, external stimuli, etc. affect ''nidra'' or sleep. Any variation in the normal sleep pattern is not at all desirable, and they may cause serious health problems that demand proper medical attention.