Changes

The word ''kaṇṭha'' means throat and also the neck. The throat is important because it is the common passage for food and air and choking can lead to asphyxiation and death. Apart from that, it is also the location of the voice box. If we extend the meaning to include the neck, then there are important blood vessels that connect to the head. The external carotid artery, the jugular vein, and vertebral arteries can suffer injuries leading to life-threatening situations. Injuries to the thoracic inlet are associated with high mortality.   

The word ''kaṇṭha'' means throat and also the neck. The throat is important because it is the common passage for food and air and choking can lead to asphyxiation and death. Apart from that, it is also the location of the voice box. If we extend the meaning to include the neck, then there are important blood vessels that connect to the head. The external carotid artery, the jugular vein, and vertebral arteries can suffer injuries leading to life-threatening situations. Injuries to the thoracic inlet are associated with high mortality.   

The blood is no doubt synonymous with life itself. So much so that Ayurveda refers to bleeding as jivadana or taking away life. It is mentioned in the chapter called Vidhishoṇitiyaṃ that the life forces follow the blood. Qualitative and quantitative parameters of blood need to be maintained for life to be sustained.   

The blood is no doubt synonymous with life itself. So much so that Ayurveda refers to bleeding as ''jivadana'' or taking away life. It is mentioned in the chapter called [[Vidhishonitiya]] that the life forces follow the blood. Qualitative and quantitative parameters of blood need to be maintained for life to be sustained.   

Shukra, which is loosely translated as the semen, actually represents the potency of reproduction and renewal. It is concerned with the ability of life to renew itself, which is a challenge at the cellular level as well as the level of the organism. Life ceases to continue if it cannot renew itself. For this reason, the shukra is considered to be the seat of the life force.  

 

Ojas is related to immunity and is a function that manifests when all the tissues and elements of the body are optimized for structural and functional integrity. Ojas is not one substance but a network of substances and functions that expresses as the innate immunity of the organism. It goes without words that an immune system is an essential tool for survival and adaptation. Coping with stress and life-threatening situations require a robust immune system, and therefore ojas is one of the prominent seats of the life forces.

''Shukra'', which is loosely translated as the semen, actually represents the potency of reproduction and renewal. It is concerned with the ability of life to renew itself, which is a challenge at the cellular level as well as the level of the organism. Life ceases to continue if it cannot renew itself. For this reason, the ''shukra'' is considered to be the seat of the life force.  

Guda denotes the anus and also the rectum as such. Rectal injuries result from a variety of insults and cause a heterogeneous spectrum of injuries to patients. Historically, many of these injuries were devastating, with high morbidity and mortality. They often required an aggressive approach to treatment including fecal stream diversion, distal rectal washout, and presacral drainage. Contemporary surgical care and a better understanding of the management of these injuries have dramatically improved outcomes. Even a digital rectal examination can sometimes induce fainting by activating the vasovagal reflex.  

 

After listing the ten seats of the life force, the text enumerates the sensory and motor organs which are the primary tools with which the body becomes aware of the external environment and makes adaptive responses. These are called as the indriyas and much of their activities to ensure survival are autonomous. Vijnana represents the higher awareness which leads the individual to respond and adapt voluntarily to external stimuli. Atman is the experiencing self that witnesses the changing self and non-self that is experienced. The disease manifests when the organism fails to adapt to situations in the effort to preserve the life process. The genuine physician is one who has a deep insight into this process. [3-4]   

''Ojas'' is related to immunity and is a function that manifests when all the tissues and elements of the body are optimized for structural and functional integrity. ''Ojas'' is not one substance but a network of substances and functions that expresses as the innate immunity of the organism. It goes without words that an immune system is an essential tool for survival and adaptation. Coping with stress and life-threatening situations require a robust immune system, and therefore ''ojas'' is one of the prominent seats of the life forces.

Two types of vaidyas (doctors) viz. one who preserves and protects life forces and destroyer of diseases, and the other who produces diseases and destroyer of the life process are observed in the society. [5]

 

''Guda'' denotes the anus and also the rectum as such. Rectal injuries result from a variety of insults and cause a heterogeneous spectrum of injuries to patients. Historically, many of these injuries were devastating, with high morbidity and mortality. They often required an aggressive approach to treatment including fecal stream diversion, distal rectal washout, and presacral drainage. Contemporary surgical care and a better understanding of the management of these injuries have dramatically improved outcomes. Even a digital rectal examination can sometimes induce fainting by activating the vasovagal reflex.  

 

After listing the ten seats of the life force, the text enumerates the sensory and motor organs which are the primary tools with which the body becomes aware of the external environment and makes adaptive responses. These are called as the ''indriyas'' and much of their activities to ensure survival are autonomous. ''Vijnana'' represents the higher awareness which leads the individual to respond and adapt voluntarily to external stimuli. ''Atman'' is the experiencing self that witnesses the changing self and non-self that is experienced. The disease manifests when the organism fails to adapt to situations in the effort to preserve the life process. The genuine physician is one who has a deep insight into this process. [3-4]   

 

Two types of ''vaidyas'' (doctors) viz. one who preserves and protects life forces and destroyer of diseases, and the other who produces diseases and destroyer of the life process are observed in the society. [5]

 

Characteristics and medical ethics for a doctor to protect the health of patients are described in details. The principles of good clinical practices are observed in this description. [6-7]

Characteristics and medical ethics for a doctor to protect the health of patients are described in details. The principles of good clinical practices are observed in this description. [6-7]

The characteristics of a bad doctor are described in detail. This also suggests forbidden things to be avoided by good doctors. It also gives a lesson to the society that which doctors they should avoid. [8-9]

The characteristics of a bad doctor are described in detail. This also suggests forbidden things to be avoided by good doctors. It also gives a lesson to the society that which doctors they should avoid. [8-9]