Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya
| Section/Chapter | Kalpa Sthana Chapter 12 |
|---|---|
| Preceding Chapter | Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya |
| Succeeding Chapter | None |
| Other Sections | Sutra Sthana, Nidana Sthana, Vimana Sthana, Sharira Sthana, Indriya Sthana, Chikitsa Sthana, Siddhi Sthana |
Kalpa Sthana Chapter 12, Chapter on pharmaceutical preparations of Danti and Dravanti
Abstract
In this last chapter of Kalpa Sthana, 48 various therapeutic purgative formulations and their applications, the polynyms, the collection and processing procedures and qualities of danti (Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) and dravanti (Croton tiglium L.) are explained. The general principles of the selection of ingredients, importance of the processing to potentiate and regulate the actions of formulations for wide acceptance are explained. The three varieties of drugs, actions and their applications in persons with three types of strength of doshas and atura (patient) are also described. The general methods to get the desired purgative effects and the measure to manage all the possible clinical conditions are also elaborated. The doses prescribed in the text are for the person with madhyama koshtha (normal bowel), vaya (middle age) and bala (medium strength), with reference to this one can alter the dose either higher or lower.
Information about different measurements and three snehapakas (characteristics of unctuous formulations) and their indications are also mentioned in this chapter.
Keywords: Danti (Baliospermum montanum (Willd.), Dravanti (Croton tiglium L.), therapeutic purgatives, Sneha pakas, Koshtha, various conditions of purification, measurements.
Introduction
The vata, pitta and kapha doshas denote the physiological state of a person, rasadi seven dhatus denote the structure or tissue component and pranavahaadi srotas denote the enzymatic, bio-chemical functional and circulatory activity related to each dhatu in the living beings.
The harmonious blending of this body, sense organs, mind and soul is well defined as life in Ayurveda. Health is not just absence of the disease, but it is the state of enjoying the life with physical, mental and spiritual happiness. Achievement of real health involves the maintenance, promotion of the health in a healthy individual and management, cure of the illness in a diseased person. The bheshaja or chikitsa (treatment) includes the measures for achieving the optimum health both in healthy and diseased one.
The major elimination of vitiated doshas are done by purification procedures i.e. shodhana (cleansing or elimination therapy). In Kalpa Sthana, 355 formulations for therapeutic emesis and 245 formulations for therapeutic purgatives, a total number of 600 formulations are formulated by using 15 important herbs for the different likings of the persons, doshika involvement and the specific disorders.
In the present chapter, 48 different formulations of danti and dravanti are described for therapeutic purgation. The chapter concludes Kalpa Sthana (section on pharmaceutics) and precedes Siddhi Sthana (section on successful management of Panchakarma). Therefore, in this chapter, the guidelines for designing effective formulations are mentioned along with those for management of various conditions arise during administration of purification medicines.
Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation
अथातो दन्तीद्रवन्तीकल्पं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||
इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||
athātō dantīdravantīkalpaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||
iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||
athAto dantIdravantIkalpaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||
iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||
Now we shall expound the pharmaceutics of danti (Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) and dravanti (Croton tiglium L.). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
Synonyms
दन्त्युदुम्बरपर्णी स्यान्निकुम्भोऽथ मुकूलकः|
द्रवन्ती नामतश्चित्रा न्यग्रोधी मूषिकाह्वया||३||
(तथा मूषिकपर्णी चाप्युपचित्रा च शम्बरीप्रत्यक्श्रेणी सुतश्रेणी दन्ती र(च)ण्डा च कीर्तिता )
dantyudumbaraparṇī syānnikumbhō'tha mukūlakaḥ|
dravantī nāmataścitrā nyagrōdhī mūṣikāhvayā||3||
(tathā mūṣikaparṇī cāpyupacitrā ca śambarīpratyakśrēṇī sutaśrēṇī dantī ra(ca)ṇḍā ca kīrtitā )
dantyudumbaraparNI syAnnikumbho~atha mukUlakaH|
dravantI nAmatashcitrA nyagrodhI mUShikAhvayA||3||
(tathA mUShikaparNI cApyupacitrA ca shambarIpratyakshreNI sutashreNI dantI ra(ca)NDA ca kIrtitA )
Danti is also known as udumbaraparni, nikumbha, and mukulaka. Dravanti is also known as chitra, nyagrodhi and musikahvaya. The names like mushkaparni, upachitra, sambari, pratyaksreni, sutasreni, danti and chanda are also considered for dravanti.[3]
Method of collection
तयोर्मूलानि सङ्गृह्य स्थिराणि बहलानि च|
हस्तिदन्तप्रकाराणि श्यावताम्राणि बुद्धिमान्||४||
tayōrmūlāni saṅgr̥hya sthirāṇi bahalāni ca|
hastidantaprakārāṇi śyāvatāmrāṇi buddhimān||4||
tayormUlAni sa~ggRuhya sthirANi bahalAni ca|
hastidantaprakArANi shyAvatAmrANi buddhimAn||4||
The roots of these plants which are strong, woody, mature which appear like elephant’s tusk, with thick root bark, black (danti) and coppery (dravanti) color should be collected by wise physician.[4]
पिप्पलीमधुलिप्तानि स्वेदयेन्मृत्कुशान्तरे|
शोषयेदातपेऽग्न्यर्कौ हतो ह्येषां विकाशिताम्||५||
pippalīmadhuliptāni svēdayēnmr̥tkuśāntarē|
śōṣayēdātapē'gnyarkau hatō hyēṣāṁ vikāśitām||5||
pippalImadhuliptAni svedayenmRutkushAntare|
shoShayedAtape~agnyarkau hato hyeShAM vikAshitAm||5||
These roots are smeared with the paste of pippali (Piper longum Linn.), madhu (honey), wrapped with kusha ( Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf.) coated with mud and baked. Roots are separated and dried under sunlight. This process reduces the vikasi property of the drugs. [5]
Effects
तीक्ष्णोष्णान्याशुकारीणि विकाशीनि गुरूणि च|
विलाययन्ति दोषौ द्वौ मारुतं कोपयन्ति च||६||
tīkṣṇōṣṇānyāśukārīṇi vikāśīni gurūṇi ca|
vilāyayanti dōṣau dvau mārutaṁ kōpayanti ca||6||
tIkShNoShNAnyAshukArINi vikAshIni gurUNi ca|
vilAyayanti doShau dvau mArutaM kopayanti ca||6||
The roots of these drugs possess properties like tikshna (sharply acting), ushna (hot potency), guru(heavy to digest), vikasi, aashukari(quickly acting) and liquifies and expels kapha and pitta, and aggravates vata dosha. [6]
Various preparations
दधितक्रसुरामण्डैः पिण्डमक्षसमं तयोः| प्रियालकोलबदरपीलुशीधुभिरेव च||७||
पिबेद्गुल्मोदरी दोषैरभिखिन्नश्च यो नरः|
dadhitakrasurāmaṇḍaiḥ piṇḍamakṣasamaṁ tayōḥ| priyālakōlabadarapīluśīdhubhirēva ca||7||
pibēdgulmōdarī dōṣairabhikhinnaśca yō naraḥ|
dadhitakrasurAmaNDaiH piNDamakShasamaM tayoH| priyAlakolabadarapIlushIdhubhireva ca||7||
pibedgulmodarI doShairabhikhinnashca yo naraH|
The different formulations of danti and dravanti for therapeutic purgation are given below:
- Dadhi - Curd
- Takra - Butter milk
- Suramanda – Clear supernatant liquid of sura (a fermented liquid preparation of cooked rice),
- Sidhu – Fermented preparation sweetening liquids with or without subjecting to heat prepared from following drugs:
- Priyal - Buchanania lanzan Sprengel.
- Kola - Zizyphus jujuba Lam.
- Badara – Zizyphus sativa Gaertn.
- Pilu - Salvadora persica Linn.
One aksha (equivalent to 12 g of metric units) of the root paste of danti and dravanti are mixed with any one of the above seven suitable liquid media and are indicated in gulma, udara and persons affected by morbid doshas. [6-7½]
गोमृगाजरसैः पाण्डुः कृमिकोष्ठी भगन्दरी||८||
gōmr̥gājarasaiḥ pāṇḍuḥ kr̥mikōṣṭhī bhagandarī||8||
gomRugAjarasaiH pANDuH kRumikoShThI bhagandarI||8||
The above mentioned dose of the drug is used with following 3 liquids which are useful in pandu, krimikostha and bhagandara
- Gorasa – Cow’s milk
- Mrigarasa - the soup of dear meat.
- Ajarasa - the soup of goat meat. [8]
तयोः कल्के कषाये च दशमूलरसायुते| कक्ष्यालजीविसर्पेषु दाहे च विपचेद्घृतम्||९||
तैलं मेहे च गुल्मे च सोदावर्ते कफानिले| चतुःस्नेहं शकृच्छुक्रवातसङ्गानिलार्तिषु||१०||
tayōḥ kalkē kaṣāyē ca daśamūlarasāyutē| kakṣyālajīvisarpēṣu dāhē ca vipacēdghr̥tam||9||
tailaṁ mēhē ca gulmē ca sōdāvartē kaphānilē| catuḥsnēhaṁ śakr̥cchukravātasaṅgānilārtiṣu||10||
tayoH kalke kaShAye ca dashamUlarasAyute| kakShyAlajIvisarpeShu dAhe ca vipacedghRutam||9||
tailaM mehe ca gulme ca sodAvarte kaphAnile| catuHsnehaM shakRucchukravAtasa~ggAnilArtiShu||10||
The below mentioned sneha yogas (unctuous formulations) prepared with the kalka of danti and dravanti, decoction of the same two drug and decoction of dashamoola.
- Ghrita - the medicated ghee is useful in kaksha (herpes), alaji (eruptions), visarpa (erysipelas), daha (burning).
- Taila - the medicated oil is useful in meha, gulma, udavarta kaphavata roga.
- Chatursneha – (ghrita, taila, vasa, majja) is used in curing the obstruction of shakrit (feces), shukra(semen) and adhovata(flatus) and other vata rogas. [9-10]
रसे दन्त्यजशृङ्गयोश्च गुडक्षौद्रघृतान्वितः| लेहः सिद्धो विरेकार्थे दाहसन्तापमेहनुत् ||११||
वाततर्षे ज्वरे पैत्ते स्यात् स एवाजगन्धया| दन्तीद्रवन्त्योर्मूलानि पचेदामलकीरसे||१२||
त्रींस्तु तस्य कषायस्य भागौ द्वौ फाणितस्य च| तप्ते सर्पिषि तैले वा भर्जयेत्तत्र चावपेत्||१३||
कल्कं दन्तीद्रवन्त्योश्च श्यामादीनां च भागशः| तत्सिद्धं प्राशयेल्लेहं सुखं तेन विरिच्यते||१४||
रसे च दशमूलस्य तथा बैभीतके रसे| हरीतकीरसे चैव लेहानेवं पचेत् पृथक् ||१५||
rasē dantyajaśr̥ṅgayōśca guḍakṣaudraghr̥tānvitaḥ| lēhaḥ siddhō virēkārthē dāhasantāpamēhanut ||11||
vātatarṣē jvarē paittē syāt sa ēvājagandhayā| dantīdravantyōrmūlāni pacēdāmalakīrasē||12||
trīṁstu tasya kaṣāyasya bhāgau dvau phāṇitasya ca| taptē sarpiṣi tailē vā bharjayēttatra cāvapēt||13||
kalkaṁ dantīdravantyōśca śyāmādīnāṁ ca bhāgaśaḥ| tatsiddhaṁ prāśayēllēhaṁ sukhaṁ tēna viricyatē||14||
rasē ca daśamūlasya tathā baibhītakē rasē| harītakīrasē caiva lēhānēvaṁ pacēt pr̥thak ||15||
rase dantyajashRu~ggayoshca guDakShaudraghRutAnvitaH| lehaH siddho virekArthe dAhasantApamehanut ||11||
vAtatarShe jvare paitte syAt sa evAjagandhayA| dantIdravantyormUlAni pacedAmalakIrase||12||
trIMstu tasya kaShAyasya bhAgau dvau phANitasya ca| tapte sarpiShi taile vA bharjayettatra cAvapet||13||
kalkaM dantIdravantyoshca shyAmAdInAM ca bhAgashaH| tatsiddhaM prAshayellehaM sukhaM tena viricyate||14||
rase ca dashamUlasya tathA baibhItake rase| harItakIrase caiva lehAnevaM pacet pRuthak ||15||
Six avaleha formulations (confections/linctus):
- Danti + Kvatha of ajashringi + gura + kshaudra + ghrita is indicated in daha, santap (burning syndrome), and meha (obstinate urinary disorders).
- Danti + ajagandha + gura +kṣaudra + ghr̥ta is indicated in vātaja triśna and pittaja jwara.
- 1 part dantī, dravanti mūla + 8 parts amalaki rasa reduced to 1/4th and decoction is prepared. This decoction is filtered and mixed with phānita in the proportion of 3:2. Shyama, trivrit, chaturāngula, tilvaka , māhavr̥kṣa, saptalā, & saṁkhiṇī the paste of these seven drugs taken in equal quantity are fried with ghee or oil (taila) is added to the above decoction and phānita and linctus is prepared .This is a safe preparation for easy therapeutic purgation.
- Daśamūla kaṣāya
- Vibhitakī kaṣāya
- Haritaki kaṣāya
These three leha preparation are prepared in the same way to that of 16th yoga by replacing the amalakī with these drugs. (11-15)
तयोर्बिल्वसमं चूर्णं तद्रसेनेव भावितम्| असृष्टे विशि वातोत्थे गुल्मे चाम्लयुतं शुभम्||१६||
tayōrbilvasamaṁ cūrṇaṁ tadrasēnēva bhāvitam| asr̥ṣṭē viśi vātōtthē gulmē cāmlayutaṁ śubham||16||
tayorbilvasamaM cUrNaM tadraseneva bhAvitam| asRuShTe vishi vAtotthe gulme cAmlayutaM shubham||16||
Churna Yoga:
1 Bilwa (= 1 pala approximately 40 grams) root of danti & dravanti is triturated with the decoction of the same two drugs. This is indicated in severe constipation and vataja gulma along with sour recipes. (16)
पाटयित्वेक्षुकाण्डं वा कल्केनालिप्य चान्तरा| स्वेदयित्वा ततः खादेत् सुखं तेन विरिच्यते||१७||
pāṭayitvēkṣukāṇḍaṁ vā kalkēnālipya cāntarā| svēdayitvā tataḥ khādēt sukhaṁ tēna viricyatē||17||
pATayitvekShukANDaM vA kalkenAlipya cAntarA| sve