Adhyapana vidhi
Ayurveda is a document based on the traditional learning methods of passing knowledge from teacher to students (guru shishya parampara). It ensured proper dissemination of knowledge through generations of teachers and disciples. The knowledge transfer is a continuous process. [Chakrapani on Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/3] The teaching and learning methodology in ancient India was based on oral communication (shruti parampara). The written communication or documentation through the means of Alphabets began only after 1500 BC, which were preceded by contact through logography or imprints.[1] Thus the substantial knowledge of Ayurveda was transferred through the oral communication itself. (A. H. Sutra Sthana 1/3, Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/4,5) As a medical science, Ayurveda also includes the methods of clinical examination and ethical aspects in the teaching methods. This article deals with the teaching methodology or pedagogy mentioned in the Ayurveda texts and its contemporary practices.
| Section/Chapter/topic | Concepts/Adhyapana vidhi |
|---|---|
| Authors |
Bhojani M. K. 1, Joglekar Aishwarya 2 Deole Y.S. 3 |
| Reviewer & Editor | Basisht G.4 |
| Affiliations |
1 Department of Sharir Kriya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India 2 Department of Samhita Siddhanta, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India 3 Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 4 Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. |
| Correspondence emails |
meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in, carakasamhita@gmail.com |
| Publisher | Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre, I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India |
| Date of publication: | September 16, 2023 |
| DOI | 10.47468/CSNE.2023.e01.s09.160 |
Etymology and definition of adhyapana
अधि + इड्+ णिच भावे ल्युट[2]
The word ‘Adhyapana’ in Sanskrit language is derived of the ‘Adhi’ Upasarga meaning to pledge or commence and ‘Lyuta’ pratyaya. Monnier Williams dictionary has referred to adhyapana as instruction or learning.[3] Shabdakalpadruma refers to it as pathana and vidyadana also termed as one of the six things to be regularly done by brahmina.[4]
Synonyms
Shiksha, Vidyapradan, Vidyadanam, Guru vachana, Pathanam
Teaching as a mean to acquire knowledge
Teaching methodology is elaborately explained and is one of the three methods for acquirement of knowledge regarding text or shastra. [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/152] Other two means for enhancing depth of knowledge are self-study or self-learning (adhyayana) and discussion with authorities (tadvidya sambhasha). [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/6] According to Harita and Apte Sanskrit- English dictionary Adhyapana is of three kinds:[5]
- Undertaken for charity
- For wages and
- In consideration of services rendered;
Qualities of a teacher (acharya pariksha)
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References
- ↑ The Evolution of Writing | Denise Schmandt-Besserat.” Accessed July 31, 2023. https://sites.utexas.edu/dsb/tokens/the-evolution-of-writing/.
- ↑ Bhaṭṭācārya, T. V. (1873). Vācaspatyam: bṛihat saṃskṛtābhidhānam. 5 5. Vārāṇasī, Chaukhambā Saṃskṛta Series Office , Available from https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/VCPScan/2020/web/index.php
- ↑ MONIER-WILLIAMS, M. (1899). A Sanskrit-English dictionary, Available on https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2020/web/index.php
- ↑ Rādhākāntadeva, Vasu, V., & Vasu, H. (1886).Śabdakalpadrumah, Available on https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/SKDScan/2020/web/
- ↑ Apte, Vaman Shivaram. “Revised and Enlarged Edition of Prin. V. S. Apte’s The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary.” Dictionary. Poona : Prasad Prakashan, 1959 1957. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/apte_query.py?page=68.