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Acacia leucophloea Willd.
{{#seo:
{{Infobox
 
|title=Charak Samhita
 
|titlemode=append
 
|keywords=Arimeda, Irimeda, Vidkhadira, Acacia leucophloea, Vachellia leucophloea, Charak Samhita, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
 
|description=Arimeda (Acacia leucophloea Willd.) stem bark is described in Charak Samhita as part of the Sheetaprashamana and Sandnyasthapana mahakashayas. It is traditionally indicated in Kushtha, Meha, Kasa, Atisara and Mukharoga.
 
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
 
|image_alt=charak samhita
 
|type=article
 
}}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vachellia_leucophloea Acacia leucophloea Willd.]
 
{{Infobox
 
|title = Arimeda
|title = Arimeda
|label1 = Section/Chapter
|label1 = Section/Chapter
|data1 = Herb database/Arimeda
|data1 = Herb database/Arimeda
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Acacia leucophloea Willd.
 
|label3 = Contributors
|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vachellia_leucophloea Acacia leucophloea Willd.]
|data3 = --
 
|label4 = Year of publication  
|label3 = Family
|data4 = 2023
 
|label5 = Publisher  
|data3 = Fabaceae
|data5 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
 
|label6 = DOI  
|label4 = Availability
|data6  = Awaited
 
|data4 = Available
 
|label5 = Contributors
 
|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
 
|label6 = Year of publication
 
|data6 = 2026
 
|label7 = Publisher
 
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
 
|label8 = DOI
 
|data8 = Awaited
 
}}
}}


==English name==
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vachellia_leucophloea Acacia leucophloea Willd.]''', known in Ayurveda as '''Arimeda''' (Irimeda, Vidkhadira), is a moderate-sized deciduous tree characteristic of dry regions, found in the plains of Punjab and in the dry forest tracts throughout India. Its dried stem bark is the official drug part.<ref name="API"/>
 
==English name ==
 
--
--


==Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
==Therapeutic Use==
 
Shotha (edema), Kasa (cough), Kandu (itching), Kushtha (skin diseases), Meha (urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus), Mukharoga (diseases of the mouth), Visajavrana, Atisara (diarrhoea), Visarpa (erysipelas), Pandu (anaemia), Dantaroga (dental diseases), Krimi (worm infestation), Udarda prashamana<ref name="API"/>
 
==Other Varieties / Other Botanical names==
 
* Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (currently accepted name)
 
* Mimosa leucophloea Roxb.<ref name="Sathasivampillai2021"/>
 
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==


Irimeda, Vidkhadira
Irimeda, Vidkhadira
==Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==
 
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
 
Herbs and their activities
|+ Properties
!Sr.no.
 
|'''Reference in Charak Samhita'''
|'''Activity'''
|-
|-
|1
 
|Sutra sthana  4/9(43)
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|Sheetaprashamana mahakashaya
 
|-
|-
|2
 
|Sutra sthana  4/9(48)
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Bitter (tikta), Astringent (kashaya)
|Sandnyasthapana  mahakashaya
 
|-
|-
|3
 
|Vimana Sthana  8/144
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Cold (sheeta)
|Kashaya-skandha
 
|-
|-
|4
 
|Cha.sa. Chi.26/206
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)
|As an ingredient of Khadiradi gutika.
 
|-
 
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]]) || Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha)
 
|-
 
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify [[kapha]] and [[pitta]]
 
|-
 
| 6 || Special effect ([[prabhava]]) || Kusthaghna (helps in management of leprosy)
 
|}
|}


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
=== Properties as per API ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
 
Properties
|+ Properties (API)
!Sr.no.
 
|'''Pharmacological criteria'''
|-
|'''Properties'''
 
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
 
|-
 
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Tikta, Kashaya
 
|-
 
| 2 || Qualities ([[guna]]) || Ushna
 
|-
 
| 3 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Ushna
 
|-
|-
|1
 
|Taste (rasa)
| 4 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Katu
|Bitter (tikta), Astringent (kashaya)
 
|-
 
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Kaphashoshaka, Medashoshaka, Vishanashana
 
|}<ref name="API"/>
 
== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+ Herbs and their activities
 
|-
|-
|2
 
|Potency (veerya)
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity
|Cold (sheeta)
 
|-
|-
|3
 
|Post digestion effect (vipaka)
| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(43) || Sheetaprashamana mahakashaya
|Pungent (katu)
 
|-
|-
|4
 
|Qualities (guna)
| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(48) || Sandnyasthapana mahakashaya
|Light (laghu), rough (ruksha)
 
|-
|-
|5
 
|Actions (karma)
| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/144 || Kashaya-skandha
|Pacify Kapha and Pitta
 
|-
|-
|6
 
|Special effect (prabhava)
| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/206 || As an ingredient of Khadiradi gutika
|Kusthaghna (helps in management of leprosy)
 
|}
|}


==Current availability ==
==Dose==
 
40 g for decoction; 3–5 g in powder form.<ref name="API"/>
 
==Important Formulations==
 
As per A.P.I.<ref name="API"/>
 
* Khadiradi Gutika (Mukharoga)
 
* Arimedadi Taila (for external use, i.e. Kavalagraha and Nasya)
 
== Current availability==
 
Available
Available
==Current researches ==
 
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
* In India – Plains of Punjab and dry forest tracts throughout the country.<ref name="API"/>
  This article is under development ..
 
* Out of India – Native to Asia (Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan); introduced into Africa (Mauritius, Tanzania) and South America (Trinidad and Tobago).<ref name="Sathasivampillai2021"/>
 
== Current researches ==
 
== Phytochemical Composition ==
 
The following constituents are reported from the stem bark of ''Acacia leucophloea'':
 
* '''Aliphatic alcohol:''' n-Hexacosanol.<ref name="API"/>
 
* '''Triterpene:''' β-Amyrin.
 
* '''Phytosterol:''' β-Sitosterol.
 
* '''Polyphenols:''' Tannin.
 
* '''Proanthocyanidin:''' (–)-Fisetinidol-(4α,8)-[(–)-fisetinidol-(4α,6)]-(+)-catechin, a trimeric proanthocyanidin isolated from the bark, which inhibited α-glucosidase in vitro (IC50 102.3 µM).<ref name="Ahmed2014"/>
 
== Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy ==
 
Experimental studies on ''Acacia leucophloea'', mostly on the bark, report antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antidiarrheal, bronchorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and antibacterial activities. The evidence is largely in vitro or in animals, and clinical studies are lacking.<ref name="Sathasivampillai2021"/>
 
=== Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects ===
 
Ayurvedic correlation: Meha (API therapeutic use) and Medashoshaka karma.
 
* '''Observation:''' The ethanol bark extract was studied in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats, with glibenclamide as the standard drug.
 
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' The extract (200 mg/kg for 14 days) significantly reduced elevated blood glucose, and a dose of 400 mg/kg reduced raised triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol.<ref name="Madhavi2014"/>
 
=== Antidiarrheal, Spasmolytic and Bronchorelaxant Effects ===
 
Ayurvedic correlation: Atisara and Kasa (API therapeutic uses).
 
* '''Mechanism:''' The methanol bark extract relaxed isolated rabbit jejunum in a pattern similar to nifedipine and dicyclomine, suggesting a calcium-channel blocking mechanism in addition to an anticholinergic effect. It also relaxed guinea-pig ileum and rabbit trachea preparations.
 
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' In mice the extract showed a dose-dependent protective effect against castor oil-induced diarrhea.<ref name="Imran2011"/>
 
=== Anti-inflammatory Action ===
 
Ayurvedic correlation: Shotha (API therapeutic use).
 
* '''Mechanism:''' Acetone extract of the stem bark decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
 
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' The effect was concentration dependent (25, 50 and 75 µg/mL); the study also reported six phenolic components in the ''A. leucophloea'' bark extract.<ref name="Sowndhararajan2016"/>
 
=== Wound Healing ===
 
Ayurvedic correlation: Kushtha, Visarpa and Visajavrana (API therapeutic uses).
 
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An ointment of the ethanolic bark extract (2% and 5% w/w) was evaluated in excision and incision wound models in Wistar rats against betadine ointment as the standard, and showed marked wound healing activity with improved wound contraction and epithelialization.<ref name="Suriyamoorthy2012"/>
 
=== Antibacterial Action ===
 
Ayurvedic correlation: Mukharoga, Dantaroga and Krimi (API therapeutic uses).
 
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' The methanolic stem bark extract was tested by disc-diffusion and tube-dilution assays against bacterial strains, and a novel isoflavone analogue, acacianol, was isolated and studied by docking against DNA gyrase and in silico ADME-T.<ref name="Singla2021"/>
 
== Safety and Dosage ==
 
* '''Standard Therapeutic Dosage (API):''' 40 g for decoction; 3–5 g in powder form.<ref name="API"/>
 
* Formal toxicity and clinical safety studies on the bark were not identified in the sources reviewed, so use within classical dosage and under professional supervision is advisable.
 
== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
 
|+ Therapeutic Applications of ''Acacia leucophloea'' (stem bark)
 
! Indication
 
! Active Biomolecules
 
! Primary Pharmacological Action
 
|-
 
| '''Diabetes and Dyslipidemia'''
 
| Trimeric proanthocyanidin (bark)
 
| Blood glucose and lipid lowering (rats), α-glucosidase inhibition
 
|-
 
| '''Diarrhea and Respiratory Spasm'''
 
| Bark extract (constituents not individually established)
 
| Calcium-channel blockade, anticholinergic spasmolysis
 
|-
 
| '''Inflammation'''
 
| Phenolic components of bark
 
| Inhibition of NO, iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α expression
 
|-
 
| '''Wounds'''
 
| Bark extract (constituents not individually established)
 
| Improved wound contraction and epithelialization
 
|-
 
| '''Bacterial Infections'''
 
| Acacianol (isoflavone analogue)
 
| Antibacterial activity, DNA gyrase docking
 
|}
 
== References ==
 
{{Reflist|refs=
 
<ref name="API">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1999; Volume II:15-16</ref>
 
<ref name="Sathasivampillai2021">{{cite journal |last1=Sathasivampillai |first1=S. V. |last2=Rajamanoharan |first2=P. |year=2021 |title=Bioactivities of extracts and isolated compounds of Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger |journal=Bulletin of Biotechnology |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=16–22 |doi=10.51539/biotech.948394}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Ahmed2014">{{cite journal |last1=Ahmed |first1=S. |last2=Lin |first2=H. C. |last3=Nizam |first3=I. |last4=Khan |first4=N. A. |last5=Lee |first5=S. S. |last6=Khan |first6=N. U. |year=2014 |title=A trimeric proanthocyanidin from the bark of Acacia leucophloea Willd. |journal=Records of Natural Products |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=294–298}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Madhavi2014">{{cite journal |last1=Madhavi |first1=M. |last2=Kiran |first2=S. |last3=Ramesh |first3=D. |year=2014 |title=Evaluation of antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Acacia leucophloea in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type II diabetic rats |journal=Global Journal of Pharmacology |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=64–72 |doi=10.5829/idosi.gjp.2014.8.1.81218}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Imran2011">{{cite journal |last1=Imran |first1=I. |last2=Hussain |first2=L. |last3=Zia-Ul-Haq |first3=M. |last4=Janbaz |first4=K. H. |last5=Gilani |first5=A. H. |last6=De Feo |first6=V. |year=2011 |title=Gastrointestinal and respiratory activities of Acacia leucophloea |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=138 |issue=3 |pages=676–682 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.019}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Sowndhararajan2016">{{cite journal |last1=Sowndhararajan |first1=K. |last2=Santhanam |first2=R. |last3=Hong |first3=S. |last4=Jhoo |first4=J. W. |last5=Kim |first5=S. |year=2016 |title=Suppressive effects of acetone extract from the stem bark of three Acacia species on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells |journal=Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=658–664 |doi=10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.005}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Suriyamoorthy2012">{{cite journal |last1=Suriyamoorthy |first1=S. |last2=Subramaniam |first2=K. |last3=Wahab |first3=F. |last4=Karthikeyan |first4=G. |year=2012 |title=Evaluation of wound healing activity of Acacia leucophloea bark in rats |journal=Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=1338–1343 |doi=10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000121}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Singla2021">{{cite journal |last1=Singla |first1=R. K. |last2=Gupta |first2=R. |last3=Joon |first3=S. |last4=Gupta |first4=A. K. |last5=Shen |first5=B. |year=2021 |title=Isolation, docking and in silico ADME-T studies of acacianol: novel antibacterial isoflavone analogue isolated from Acacia leucophloea bark |journal=Current Drug Metabolism |volume=22 |issue=11 |pages=893–904 |doi=10.2174/1389200222666211005091417}}</ref>
 
}}
 
[[Category:Database of herbs and minerals| Herbs]]

Revision as of 08:57, 6 November 2026

Acacia leucophloea Willd.

Arimeda
Section/Chapter Herb database/Arimeda
Botanical name(s) Acacia leucophloea Willd.
Family Fabaceae
Availability Available
Contributors Team Dravyaguna
Year of publication 2026
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre
DOI Awaited

Acacia leucophloea Willd., known in Ayurveda as Arimeda (Irimeda, Vidkhadira), is a moderate-sized deciduous tree characteristic of dry regions, found in the plains of Punjab and in the dry forest tracts throughout India. Its dried stem bark is the official drug part.[1]

English name

--

Therapeutic Use

Shotha (edema), Kasa (cough), Kandu (itching), Kushtha (skin diseases), Meha (urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus), Mukharoga (diseases of the mouth), Visajavrana, Atisara (diarrhoea), Visarpa (erysipelas), Pandu (anaemia), Dantaroga (dental diseases), Krimi (worm infestation), Udarda prashamana[1]

Other Varieties / Other Botanical names

  • Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger (currently accepted name)
  • Mimosa leucophloea Roxb.[2]

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

Irimeda, Vidkhadira

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties

Properties
Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties
1 Taste (rasa) Bitter (tikta), Astringent (kashaya)
2 Potency (veerya) Cold (sheeta)
3 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Pungent (katu)
4 Qualities (guna) Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha)
5 Actions (karma) Pacify kapha and pitta
6 Special effect (prabhava) Kusthaghna (helps in management of leprosy)

Properties as per API

Properties (API)
Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties
1 Taste (rasa) Tikta, Kashaya
2 Qualities (guna) Ushna
3 Potency (veerya) Ushna
4 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Katu
5 Actions (karma) Kaphashoshaka, Medashoshaka, Vishanashana

[1]

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

Herbs and their activities
Sr.no. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity
1 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(43) Sheetaprashamana mahakashaya
2 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(48) Sandnyasthapana mahakashaya
3 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/144 Kashaya-skandha
4 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/206 As an ingredient of Khadiradi gutika

Dose

40 g for decoction; 3–5 g in powder form.[1]

Important Formulations

As per A.P.I.[1]

  • Khadiradi Gutika (Mukharoga)
  • Arimedadi Taila (for external use, i.e. Kavalagraha and Nasya)

Current availability

Available

  • In India – Plains of Punjab and dry forest tracts throughout the country.[1]
  • Out of India – Native to Asia (Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan); introduced into Africa (Mauritius, Tanzania) and South America (Trinidad and Tobago).[2]

Current researches

Phytochemical Composition

The following constituents are reported from the stem bark of Acacia leucophloea:

  • Aliphatic alcohol: n-Hexacosanol.[1]
  • Triterpene: β-Amyrin.
  • Phytosterol: β-Sitosterol.
  • Polyphenols: Tannin.
  • Proanthocyanidin: (–)-Fisetinidol-(4α,8)-[(–)-fisetinidol-(4α,6)]-(+)-catechin, a trimeric proanthocyanidin isolated from the bark, which inhibited α-glucosidase in vitro (IC50 102.3 µM).[3]

Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy

Experimental studies on Acacia leucophloea, mostly on the bark, report antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antidiarrheal, bronchorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and antibacterial activities. The evidence is largely in vitro or in animals, and clinical studies are lacking.[2]

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects

Ayurvedic correlation: Meha (API therapeutic use) and Medashoshaka karma.

  • Observation: The ethanol bark extract was studied in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats, with glibenclamide as the standard drug.
  • Scientific Evidence: The extract (200 mg/kg for 14 days) significantly reduced elevated blood glucose, and a dose of 400 mg/kg reduced raised triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol.[4]

Antidiarrheal, Spasmolytic and Bronchorelaxant Effects

Ayurvedic correlation: Atisara and Kasa (API therapeutic uses).

  • Mechanism: The methanol bark extract relaxed isolated rabbit jejunum in a pattern similar to nifedipine and dicyclomine, suggesting a calcium-channel blocking mechanism in addition to an anticholinergic effect. It also relaxed guinea-pig ileum and rabbit trachea preparations.
  • Scientific Evidence: In mice the extract showed a dose-dependent protective effect against castor oil-induced diarrhea.[5]

Anti-inflammatory Action

Ayurvedic correlation: Shotha (API therapeutic use).

  • Mechanism: Acetone extract of the stem bark decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
  • Scientific Evidence: The effect was concentration dependent (25, 50 and 75 µg/mL); the study also reported six phenolic components in the A. leucophloea bark extract.[6]

Wound Healing

Ayurvedic correlation: Kushtha, Visarpa and Visajavrana (API therapeutic uses).

  • Scientific Evidence: An ointment of the ethanolic bark extract (2% and 5% w/w) was evaluated in excision and incision wound models in Wistar rats against betadine ointment as the standard, and showed marked wound healing activity with improved wound contraction and epithelialization.[7]

Antibacterial Action

Ayurvedic correlation: Mukharoga, Dantaroga and Krimi (API therapeutic uses).

  • Scientific Evidence: The methanolic stem bark extract was tested by disc-diffusion and tube-dilution assays against bacterial strains, and a novel isoflavone analogue, acacianol, was isolated and studied by docking against DNA gyrase and in silico ADME-T.[8]

Safety and Dosage

  • Standard Therapeutic Dosage (API): 40 g for decoction; 3–5 g in powder form.[1]
  • Formal toxicity and clinical safety studies on the bark were not identified in the sources reviewed, so use within classical dosage and under professional supervision is advisable.

Summary of Therapeutic Profile

Therapeutic Applications of Acacia leucophloea (stem bark)
Indication Active Biomolecules Primary Pharmacological Action
Diabetes and Dyslipidemia Trimeric proanthocyanidin (bark) Blood glucose and lipid lowering (rats), α-glucosidase inhibition
Diarrhea and Respiratory Spasm Bark extract (constituents not individually established) Calcium-channel blockade, anticholinergic spasmolysis
Inflammation Phenolic components of bark Inhibition of NO, iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α expression
Wounds Bark extract (constituents not individually established) Improved wound contraction and epithelialization
Bacterial Infections Acacianol (isoflavone analogue) Antibacterial activity, DNA gyrase docking

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1999; Volume II:15-16
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Sathasivampillai, S. V.; Rajamanoharan, P. (2021). "Bioactivities of extracts and isolated compounds of Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger". Bulletin of Biotechnology. 2 (1): 16–22. doi:10.51539/biotech.948394. 
  3. ↑ Ahmed, S.; Lin, H. C.; Nizam, I.; Khan, N. A.; Lee, S. S.; Khan, N. U. (2014). "A trimeric proanthocyanidin from the bark of Acacia leucophloea Willd.". Records of Natural Products. 8 (3): 294–298. 
  4. ↑ Madhavi, M.; Kiran, S.; Ramesh, D. (2014). "Evaluation of antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Acacia leucophloea in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type II diabetic rats". Global Journal of Pharmacology. 8 (1): 64–72. doi:10.5829/idosi.gjp.2014.8.1.81218. 
  5. ↑ Imran, I.; Hussain, L.; Zia-Ul-Haq, M.; Janbaz, K. H.; Gilani, A. H.; De Feo, V. (2011). "Gastrointestinal and respiratory activities of Acacia leucophloea". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 138 (3): 676–682. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.019. 
  6. ↑ Sowndhararajan, K.; Santhanam, R.; Hong, S.; Jhoo, J. W.; Kim, S. (2016). "Suppressive effects of acetone extract from the stem bark of three Acacia species on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 6 (8): 658–664. doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.005. 
  7. ↑ Suriyamoorthy, S.; Subramaniam, K.; Wahab, F.; Karthikeyan, G. (2012). "Evaluation of wound healing activity of Acacia leucophloea bark in rats". Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 22 (6): 1338–1343. doi:10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000121. 
  8. ↑ Singla, R. K.; Gupta, R.; Joon, S.; Gupta, A. K.; Shen, B. (2021). "Isolation, docking and in silico ADME-T studies of acacianol: novel antibacterial isoflavone analogue isolated from Acacia leucophloea bark". Current Drug Metabolism. 22 (11): 893–904. doi:10.2174/1389200222666211005091417. 
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