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Tinospora cordifolia (WILLD.) HOOK.F. & THOMS.
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|description=''Guduchi'' (गुडूची), commonly known as ' Giloy', is the Sanskrit name for the medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. & Thomson of the family.It holds a prominent place in [[Ayurveda]] as a [[Rasayana]] (rejuvenative) herb and is widely used for conditions such as fever, jaundice, musculoskeletal disorders, skin diseases, and metabolic ailments.
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}}
Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (WILLD.) HOOK.F. & THOMS.)
 
''Guduchi'' (गुडूची), commonly known as ' Giloy', is the Sanskrit name for the medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. & Thomson of the family Menispermaceae.<ref name="AYUSHDossier">{{Cite web |url=https://ayush.gov.in/resources/pdf/quality_standards/guduchi_Book-Dossier.pdf |title=Technical Dossier on - Guduchi |format=PDF |publisher=Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India |year=2019 |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref> It holds a prominent place in [[Ayurveda]] as a [[Rasayana]] (rejuvenative) herb and is widely used for conditions such as fever, jaundice, musculoskeletal disorders, skin diseases, and metabolic ailments.<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/>
 


{{Infobox
{{Infobox
Line 7: Line 19:
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Tinospora cordifolia (WILLD.) HOOK.F. & THOMS.
|data2 = Tinospora cordifolia (WILLD.) HOOK.F. & THOMS.
|label3 = Contributors
|label3 = Family
|data3 = --
|data3 = Menispermaceae
|label4 = Year of publication  
|label4 = Availability
|data4 =  2024
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Publisher  
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]], Symbiohealth Foundation, India
|data5 =  Deole Y.S., Thakkar R., Tanna J.
|label6 = DOI  
|label6 = Year of publication  
|data6 = Awaited
|data6 =  2026
|label7 = Publisher  
|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]], Symbiohealth Foundation, India
|label8 = DOI  
|data8 = Awaited
}}
}}


Line 21: Line 37:
Heart leaved moonseed
Heart leaved moonseed


== Therapeutic uses ==
== Botanical identity ==


Thirst (trushna), burning sensation (daha), Prameha (Diabetes), Kasa (Cough), Pandu (Anaemia), Kamala (Jaundice), Kushtha (Psoriasis), Vatarakta (Gout), Jwara (Fever), Krumi (Worms), Chhardi (Vomitting), Shwasa (Asthma), Arsha (Piles), Hridroga (Heart diseases), Mutrakrichhra (Urinary disorders)<ref>Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, Verse no. 8-9 Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy,2015 </ref>  
The principal medicinal source of Guduchi is the stem of ''Tinospora cordifolia''.<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/> The plant is a deciduous, climbing shrub with simple, heart‑shaped leaves and small, greenish flowers.<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/> The genus ''Tinospora'' includes several species, and correct identification is important because some related species (e.g., ''Tinospora crispa'') have been implicated in hepatotoxicity reports.<ref name="LiverTox">Nnamani I, Tolu-Akinnawo O, Dufera RR, Akintunde A, Maliakkal B. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi/Giloy)-Induced Liver Injury: A Case Review. Cureus. 2023 May 31;15(5):e39793. doi: 10.7759/cureus.39793. PMID: 37273324; PMCID: PMC10238282.</ref>
 
For Ayurvedic purposes, the AYUSH technical dossier specifies that properly identified ''T. cordifolia'' stem should be used, warning against confusion with other ''Tinospora'' species that may occur in commercial supply.<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/>


== Other botanical names/varieties ==
== Other botanical names/varieties ==
The following botanical names are accepted by Plants of the World Online as of January 2024.
The following botanical names are accepted by Plants of the World Online as of January 2024.


Line 62: Line 81:
Amruta, Madhuparni, Vayastha, Chhinnaruha, Vatsadini
Amruta, Madhuparni, Vayastha, Chhinnaruha, Vatsadini


=== '''Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu''' ===
== Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu ==
Guduchi, Madhuparni, Amrita, Amritavallari, Chhinna, Chhinnaruha, Chhinnodbhava, Vatsadani, Jivanti, Tantrika, Soma, Somavalli, Kundali, Chakralakshanika, Dhira, Vishalya, Rasayani, Chandrahasa, Vayastha, Mandali, Devanirmita
Guduchi, Madhuparni, Amrita, Amritavallari, Chhinna, Chhinnaruha, Chhinnodbhava, Vatsadani, Jivanti, Tantrika, Soma, Somavalli, Kundali, Chakralakshanika, Dhira, Vishalya, Rasayani, Chandrahasa, Vayastha, Mandali, Devanirmita
==Anupana according to Dosha==
* '''Vata''' – Ghrita
* '''Pitta''' – Sharkara (Sugar)
* '''Kapha''' – Madhu (Honey)
* '''Vibandha''' (Constipation)– Guda (Jaggery)
* '''Vatarakta''' (Gout) – Eranda taila (Castor oil)
* '''Amavaata'''(Rhumatoid arthritis) – Shunthi (Ginger)


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
Line 71: Line 98:
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|-
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) ||Bitter (tikta), Astringent (kashaya)
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Bitter (tikta), Astringent (kashaya)
|-
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) ||Hot (ushna)
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Hot (ushna)
|-
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]])|| Sweet (madhura)
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Sweet (madhura)
|-
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])||Heavy (guru), Unctuous (snigdha)
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Heavy (guru), Unctuous (snigdha)
|-
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) ||Pacify [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]
|}
|}
== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==  
== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==  


Line 89: Line 115:
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
|-
|-
| 1 || [[Sutra Sthana]] 2/12 || Asthapana
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/12 || Asthapana
|-
|-
| 2 || [[Sutra Sthana]] 3/3 || Siddhatamachurnapradeha
| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/3 || Siddhatamachurnapradeha
|-
|-
| 3 || Sutra sthana 4/9(11) || Truptighnamahakashay
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(11) || Truptighnamahakashay
|-
|-
| 4 || Sutra sthana 4/9(18) || Stanyashodhanamahakashay
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(18) || Stanyashodhanamahakashay
|-
|-
| 5 || Sutra sthana 4/9(21) || Snehopagmahakashay
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(21) || Snehopagmahakashay
|-
|-
| 6 || Sutra sthana 4/9(29) || Trishnanigrahanamahakashay
| 6 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(29) || Trishnanigrahanamahakashay
|-
|-
| 7 || Sutra sthana 4/9(41) || Dahaprashamanamahakashaya
| 7 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(41) || Dahaprashamanamahakashaya
|-
|-
| 8 || Sutra sthana 4/9(49) || Prajasthapanamahakashaya
| 8 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(49) || Prajasthapanamahakashaya
|-
|-
| 9 || Sutra sthana 4/9(50) || Vayasthapanmahakashaya
| 9 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(50) || Vayasthapanmahakashaya
|-
|-
| 10 || Sutra Sthana 14/31  
| 10 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 14/31  
| Dravya for  Nadi Sweda
| Dravya for  Nadi Sweda
|-
|-
| 11 || Cha. Su. 21/22  
| 11 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 21/22  
| Management of  obesity
| Management of  obesity
|-
|-
|12
|12
|Cha. Su 25/40
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40
|Agrya Sangraha
|Agrya Sangraha
|-
|-
|13
|13
|Cha. Su 27/4
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]27/4
|Natural  qualities.
|Natural  qualities.
|-
|-
|14
|14
|Cha. Su 27/106
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/106
|Shaka Varga
|Shaka Varga
|-
|-
|15
|15
|Cha. Su 26/49
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/49
|Veerya varnan
|Veerya varnan
|-
|-
|16
|16
|Cha.Vi.8/135
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/135
|Vaman dravyani
|Vaman dravyani
|-
|-
|17
|17
|Cha. Vi 8/139
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/139
|Madhur skanda
|Madhur skanda
|-
|-
|18
|18
|Vimana Sthana  8/143
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/143
|Tiktaskandha
|Tikta skandha
|-
|-
|19
|19
|Cha..Sha.8/56
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]].8/56
|Kshira vishodhan dravya
|Kshira vishodhana dravya
|-
|-
|20
|20
|Cha. Ka 1/22
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/22
|Vamanarth
|Vamanartha
|-
|-
|21
|21
|Kalpa Sthana 7/19
|Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/19
|Preparations  of Trivritta
|Preparations  of Trivritta
|-
|-
|22
|22
|Cha.a.Sa.
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/198
 
Chi.3/198
|Used as kwath or sheeta kashaya for trushna,  deepana, doshapachana, jwar, aruchi and mukhavairasya.
|Used as kwath or sheeta kashaya for trushna,  deepana, doshapachana, jwar, aruchi and mukhavairasya.
|-
|-
|23
|23
|Cha. Sa. Chi.3/202
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/202
|Used in trutiyaka jwara.
|Used in trutiyaka jwara.
|-
|-
|24
|24
|Cha Sa. Chi.3/202
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/202
|Used in chaturthaka jwara.
|Used in chaturthaka jwara.
|-
|-
|25
|25
|Cha.Sa.Chi.3/211
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/211
|As an ingredient of shatyadi varga  used in kasa, svasa, tandra,parshvashoola,  hrdgraha and sannipata jwara.
|As an ingredient of shatyadi varga  used in kasa, svasa, tandra,parshvashoola,  hrdgraha and sannipata jwara.
|-
|-
|26
|26
|Cha.Sa.Chi.3/222
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/222
|As an ingredient of Vasadi Ghrita.
|As an ingredient of Vasadi Ghrita.
|-
|-
|27
|27
|Cha.Sa.Chi.3/247
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/247
|Used in niruha basti.
|Used in niruha basti.
|-
|-
|28
|28
|Cha.Sa.Chi.3/251
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/251
|Used in Patoladi niruhabasti.
|Used in Patoladi niruha basti.
|-
|-
|29
|29
|Cha.Sa.Chi.3/267
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267
|In formulation of Agurvadi taila.
|In formulation of Agurvadi taila.
|-
|-
|30
|30
|Cha.Sa.Chi.3/299
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/299
|Used as swarasa in Vishama jwara.
|Used as swarasa in Vishama jwara.
|-
|-
|31
|31
|Cha.Sa.Chi.3/343
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/343
|Used in punaravrtaka jwara(Kirat tiktadi kwath)
|Used in punaravrtaka jwara(Kirat tiktadi kwath)
|-
|-
|32
|32
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 6/29
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/29
|Used for making decoction in Kaphaj  prameh
|Used for making decoction in Kaphaj  prameh
|-
|-
|33
|33
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 6/30
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/30
|Used for making decoction in Pittaj  Prameh
|Used for making decoction in Pittaja Prameha
|-
|-
|34
|34
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/77
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/77
|Ingredient in Kanakabindurisht
|Ingredient in Kanakabindurishta
|-
|-
|35
|35
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/124
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/124
|Bahyaprayogarth Lepa in Vata-Kaphaj Kushth
|Bahyaprayogarth Lepa in Vata-Kaphaja Kushtha
|-
|-
|36
|36
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/146
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/146
|Ingredient in Mahatikta  Ghrit
|Ingredient in Mahatikta  Ghrita
|-
|-
|37
|37
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/153
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/153
|Ingredient in Mahakhadir Ghrit
|Ingredient in Mahakhadira Ghrita
|-
|-
|38
|38
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 8/72
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/72
|For Parishek purpose
|For Parisheka purpose
|-
|-
|39
|39
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/25
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/25
|In treatment of Vataj Svayathu
|In treatment of Vataja Shvayathu
|-
|-
|40
|40
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 12/34
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/34
|Ingredient in Punarnavadhyarisht
|Ingredient in Punarnavadyarishta
|-
|-
|41
|41
|Cha. Sa. Chi. 5/190
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/190
|Used in  preparation of Pancham Kshara
|Used in  preparation of Panchama Kshara
|-
|-
|42
|42
|Cha. Sa. Chi. 16/63
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/63
|In Kamala Guduchi Swarasa should be given in early  in the morning  
|In Kamala Guduchi Swarasa should be given in early  in the morning  
|-
|-
|43
|43
|Cha. Sa. Chi. 16/134  
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/134  
|Used in Halimak Chikitsa
|Used in Halimak Chikitsa
|-
|-
|44
|44
|Cha. Sa.Chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/94
 
Sthana 17/94
|Used in yusha  preparation for hikka svasa
|Used in yusha  preparation for hikka svasa
|-
|-
|45
|45
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 17/102
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/102
|Used as yavagu in  hikka svasa
|Used as yavagu in  hikka svasa
|-
|-
|46
|46
|Cha.sa.chi.18/35
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/35
|As a ghrita  dravya
|As a ghrita  dravya
|-
|-
|47
|47
|Cha.sa.chi.18/161
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/161
|As an ingredient of guduchyadi ghrita.
|As an ingredient of guduchyadi ghrita.
|-
|-
|48
|48
|Cha.Sa.
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/31  
 
|As a pana yoga in Pittaja chhardi.
Chi.20/31  
|As a pana yoga in Pittaja chhardi.
|-
|-
|49
|49
|Cha.Sa.
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/35
 
|As a pathya ahara in kaphaja chhardi.
Chi.20/35
|As a pathya ahara in kaphaja chhardi.
|-
|-
|50
|50
|Cha.Sa.
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/58
 
Chi.21/58
|For kashaya  pana.
|For kashaya  pana.
|-
|-
|51
|51
|Cha.Sa.Chi.21/130
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/130
|Used in granthi visarpa.
|Used in granthi visarpa.
|-
|-
|52
|52
|Cha,Sa.Chi.22/45
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/45
|As a pana yoga.
|As a pana yoga.
|-
|-
|53
|53
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/70
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/70
|As an ingredient of Gandha hasti agada.
|As an ingredient of Gandha hasti agada.
|-
|-
|54
|54
|Cha.sa.chi.24/145
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/145
|Used as swarasa where pittaja madatyaya is associated with sarakta kasa, Parshvashoola,  Stanashoola, Daaha & Hradayotkleda.
|Used as swarasa where pittaja madatyaya is associated with sarakta kasa, Parshvashoola,  Stanashoola, Daaha & Hradayotkleda.
|-
|-
|55
|55
|Cha.sa.Chi.25/75
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/75
|Used in shoola with sneha & sarkara.
|Used in shoola with sneha & sarkara.
|-
|-
|56
|56
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/57
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/57
|Used in Kaphaja  mutrakruchhra.
|Used in Kaphaja  mutrakruchhra.
|-
|-
|57
|57
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/70
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/70
|As an ingredient of Karpasmooladi yoga.
|As an ingredient of Karpasmooladi yoga.
|-
|-
|58
|58
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/83
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/83
|As an ingredient of  Haritakyadi Ghrita.
|As an ingredient of  Haritakyadi Ghrita.
|-
|-
|59
|59
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/243
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/243
|As an ingredient of Amrutadi varti.
|As an ingredient of Amrutadi varti.
|-
|-
|60
|60
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/283
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/283
|Used in Vataja swarbheda.
|Used in Vataja swarbheda.
|-
|-
|61
|61
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/148
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/148
|As an ingredient of Bala taila.  
|As an ingredient of Bala taila.  
|-
|-
|62
|62
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/157
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/157
|As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila.
|As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila.
|-
|-
|63
|63
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/170
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/170
|As an ingredient of Vrushamuladi taila.
|As an ingredient of Vrushamuladi taila.
|-
|-
|64
|64
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/172
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/172
|As an ingredient of Mulaka taila.
|As an ingredient of Mulaka taila.
|-
|-
|65
|65
|Cha.Sa.chi.29/71
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/71
|Anupana of Drakshadi Ghrita.
|Anupana of Drakshadi Ghrita.
|-
|-
|66
|66
|Cha.Sa.chi.29/73
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/73
|As an ingredient of Jeevakadi mahasneha.
|As an ingredient of Jeevakadi mahasneha.
|-
|-
|67
|67
|Cha.Sa.chi.29/92
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/92
|As an ingredient of Madhuparnyadi taila.
|As an ingredient of Madhuparnyadi taila.
|-
|-
|68
|68
|Cha.Sa.chi.29/103
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/103
|As an ingredient of Amrutadhya taila.
|As an ingredient of Amrutadhya taila.
|-
|-
|69
|69
|Cha.Sa.chi.29/117
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/117
|As an ingredient of Shatapaka Madhuparni taila.
|As an ingredient of Shatapaka Madhuparni taila.
|-
|-
|70
|70
|Cha.Sa.Chi.30/53
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/53
|As an ingredient of Kashmaryadi ghrita, used in the  treatment of Vataja yoni.
|As an ingredient of Kashmaryadi ghrita, used in the  treatment of Vataja yoni.
|-
|-
|71
|71
|Cha.SaChi.30/58
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/58
|For parisechana in yoni shula.
|For parishechana in yoni shula.
|-
|-
|72
|72
|Cha.Sa.Chi.30/99
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/99
|Used in the treatment of Kaphaja pradara.
|Used in the treatment of Kaphaja pradara.
|-
|-
|73
|73
|Cha.SaChi.30/59
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/59
|As an ingredient of  Guduchyadi taila, used in the treatment of Vataja yoni roga.
|As an ingredient of  Guduchyadi taila, used in the treatment of Vataja yoni roga.
|-
|-
|}
|}
== Classical therapeutic uses ==
Guduchi is one of the most frequently cited herbs in Ayurvedic literature and is reported in formulations for a wide range of conditions, including:<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/>
Classical actions attributed to Guduchi include:<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/>
*  Rasayana (rejuvenative)
*  Dipana and Sangrahi (appetizing and absorbent)
*  Vataraktahara and Amavataghni (useful in gout and rheumatoid‑like arthritis)
*  Kamalahara (beneficial in jaundice and liver disorders)
*  Kushtaghna (beneficial in skin diseases)
*  Pramehaghna (beneficial in urinary and metabolic disorders)
*  Jvara (fever), including irregular and chronic fevers
*  Kamala (jaundice) and other hepatic and viral fevers
*  Vatarakta and amavata (gout and rheumatoid‑like arthritis)
*  Kasa (chronic cough)
*  Prameha (Diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders)
*  Chardighna (anti‑emetic indications)
The AYUSH technical dossier notes that Guduchi appears in more than 2,400 Ayurvedic formulations across over 24 dosage forms, indicating its broad and enduring therapeutic role.<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/>
== Parts used and dosage forms ==
In Ayurvedic practice, the mature stem is the primary part used for preparing Guduchi‑based medicines.<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/> Common traditional dosage forms include:<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/>
*  Churna (powder)
*  Kwatha (decoction)
*  Hima (cold infusion)
*  Svarasa (fresh juice)
*  Satva (starch preparation)
*  Ghrita (medicated ghee)
*  Taila (medicated oil)
*  Gutika (tablets)
== Important Formulations ==
* Amritarishta
* Amritottara kvatha churna
* Guduchi Taila
* Guduchyadi churna
* Guduchi Sattva
* Chhinnodbhavadi kvatha churna
*  Kaishora Guggulu
*  Samshamani Vati
==Dose==
The AYUSH technical dossier cites typical dose ranges as:<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/>
*  3–6 g of powder
*  20–30 g of coarse powder for decoction
*  125 mg–1000 mg of Guduchi sattva, taken with appropriate anupana (vehicle)


== Current availability==  
== Current availability==  


Available  
Available  
Through all over India extending from Himalayas to the Southern part of India.
Other countries: Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar, Burma, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand


== Current researches ==
== Current researches ==
== Chemical constituents ==
Modern phytochemical studies have identified more than 200 compounds in ''Tinospora cordifolia'' and related species, including diterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, and phenolics.<ref name="ImmunomodulatoryReview">Yates CR, Bruno EJ, Yates MED. Tinospora Cordifolia: A review of its immunomodulatory properties. J Diet Suppl. 2022;19(2):271-285. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1873214. Epub 2021 Jan 22. PMID: 33480818.</ref> Key constituents reported in the literature include:<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/>,<ref name="OnePlantManyRoles">Saha S, Ghosh S. Tinospora cordifolia: One plant, many roles. Anc Sci Life. 2012 Apr;31(4):151-9. doi: 10.4103/0257-7941.107344. PMID: 23661861; PMCID: PMC3644751</ref>
*  Clerodane‑type diterpenoids
*  Cordifolioside A and tinosporaside (used as assay markers)
*  Alkaloids such as magnoflorine and berberine‑like compounds
*  Diterpenoid lactones and glycosides
These constituents are thought to contribute to the herb’s bitter taste, immunomodulatory, anti‑inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.<ref name="ImmunomodulatoryReview"/>
== Pharmacological actions ==
Experimental studies, including in vitro and animal models, support several pharmacological activities of Guduchi extracts.<ref name="ImmunomodulatoryReview"/><ref name="OnePlantManyRoles"/>
*  Immunomodulatory effects: Modulation of immune cell function and cytokine pathways.<ref name="ImmunomodulatoryReview"/>
*  Anti‑inflammatory effects: Reduction of pro‑inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‑α and IL‑1β.<ref name="ImmunomodulatoryReview"/><ref name="ScientificReports2019">{{Cite Ghatpande NS, Misar AV, Waghole RJ, Jadhav SH, Kulkarni PP. Tinospora cordifolia protects against inflammation associated anemia by modulating inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin expression in male Wistar rats. Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 29;9(1):10969. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47458-0. PMID: 31358831; PMCID: PMC6662690}}</ref>
*  Antioxidant activity: Scavenging of free radicals and reduction of oxidative stress.<ref name="OnePlantManyRoles"/>
*  Antipyretic and analgesic activity in fever‑like models.<ref name="ImmunomodulatoryReview"/>
Some studies also report hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and anti‑arthritic‑like effects, although the exact mechanisms and clinical relevance remain under investigation.<ref name="OnePlantManyRoles"/><ref name="ImmunomodulatoryReview"/>
== Metabolic and endocrine research ==
Recent reviews suggest that Guduchi may have beneficial effects on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and related features of metabolic syndrome.<ref name="MetabolicReview2025">{{Mansouri M, Imenshahidi M, Rameshrad M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of Tinospora cordifolia (giloy) on metabolic syndrome components: a mechanistic review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 May;398(5):4979-5009. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03642-2. Epub 2024 Dec 28. PMID: 39731594.}}</ref> Anti‑diabetic and antihyperglycemic actions have been reported in animal models and some small human studies, including a randomized trial in diabetic dyslipidemia showing improvement in lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and metabolic‑syndrome prevalence with Guduchi‑stem supplementation.<ref name="DiabeticDyslipidemiaRCT">{{Cite journal |year=2024 |title=Tinospora cordifolia stem supplementation in diabetic dyslipidemia: an open‑labelled randomized controlled trial |journal=International Journal of Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences |volume=15 |issue=12 |pages=100–107 |url=https://ffhdj.com/index.php/ffhd/article/view/208}}</ref>
However, the overall evidence base still relies heavily on preclinical data and heterogeneous herbal preparations rather than standardized, large‑scale randomized trials.<ref name="MetabolicReview2025"/>
== Musculoskeletal and inflammatory conditions ==
Guduchi is traditionally used for vatarakta and amavata, conditions resembling gout and rheumatoid arthritis.<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/> Preclinical studies in arthritis models show that ''T. cordifolia'' extracts can reduce inflammatory mediators and markers of joint destruction, supporting its traditional anti‑arthritic use.<ref name="Arthritis2015">{{Cite journal |last=Sannegowda |first=K. M. |year=2015 |title=Tinospora cordifolia inhibits autoimmune arthritis by regulating key immune mediators of inflammation and bone damage |journal=International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=521–531 |doi=10.1177/0394632015608248 |pmid=26467057}}</ref>
However, the evidence is still preliminary, and current data justify Guduchi mainly as a potential adjunct to conventional therapy rather than as a standalone monotherapy for chronic inflammatory joint disease.<ref name="Arthritis2015"/>
== Safety and hepatotoxicity ==
In recent years, several case reports and reviews have described herb‑induced liver injury associated with Guduchi or ''Tinospora''‑containing products.<ref name="LiverTox"/>,<ref name="PMC2021LiverInjury">Björnsson ES, Navarro VJ, Chalasani N. Liver Injury Following Tinospora Cordifolia Consumption: Drug-Induced AIH, or de novo AIH? J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022 Jan-Feb;12(1):6-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.11.014. Epub 2021 Nov 29. PMID: 35068778; PMCID: PMC8766689.</ref>
The NIH LiverTox resource notes that Guduchi‑associated liver injury can range from mild elevation of liver enzymes to clinically significant hepatitis and, rarely, acute liver failure, with some cases showing autoimmune‑like features.<ref name="LiverTox"/> Many cases occur in patients with pre‑existing liver disease or autoimmune predisposition and may be idiosyncratic or immune‑mediated.<ref name="LiverTox"/>
The AYUSH technical dossier highlights that many published liver injury reports lack detailed baseline documentation and may mix different species and preparations, underscoring the need for careful botanical identification, product quality control, and medical supervision, especially in patients with pre‑existing liver conditions.<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/>
== Current research trends ==
PubMed‑based trend analyses indicate a substantial increase in publications on Guduchi, rising from several hundred articles in the early 2010s to over 900 indexed studies by 2024, reflecting growing scientific interest.<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/> This growth reflects heightened scientific and public interest but does not, by itself, equate to high‑quality clinical evidence.<ref name="MetabolicReview2025"/>
Most of the current evidence is from preclinical studies, mechanistic investigations, small trials, and narrative reviews; large, well‑designed randomized controlled trials are still limited.<ref name="MetabolicReview2025"/>
== Clinical position ==
From an Ayurvedic perspective, Guduchi is regarded as a classical Rasayana with broad therapeutic indications, supported by long‑standing clinical experience.<ref name="AYUSHDossier"/><ref name="OnePlantManyRoles"/> From a modern evidence‑based medicine standpoint, it is best viewed as a promising but not yet fully established botanical agent for conditions such as metabolic syndrome, certain inflammatory disorders, and liver and immune‑mediated conditions.<ref name="MetabolicReview2025"/>
Use in clinical practice should emphasize:<ref name="LiverTox"/><ref name="AYUSHDossier"/>
*  Accurate botanical identification and use of standardized preparations
*  Caution in patients with liver disease or autoimmunity
*  Integration with, rather than substitution for, established medical therapies
=== Indian Medicinal Plant Database, Phytochemistry And Therapeutics (IMPPAT) ===
Link: https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Tinospora%20crispa


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
   This article is under development ..
    
This article is under development ..


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 10:31, 13 April 2026

Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (WILLD.) HOOK.F. & THOMS.)

Guduchi (गुडूची), commonly known as ' Giloy', is the Sanskrit name for the medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. & Thomson of the family Menispermaceae.[1] It holds a prominent place in Ayurveda as a Rasayana (rejuvenative) herb and is widely used for conditions such as fever, jaundice, musculoskeletal disorders, skin diseases, and metabolic ailments.[1]


Guduchi
Section/Chapter Herb database/Guduchi
Botanical name(s) Tinospora cordifolia (WILLD.) HOOK.F. & THOMS.
Family Menispermaceae
Availability Available
Contributors Deole Y.S., Thakkar R., Tanna J.
Year of publication 2026
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre, Symbiohealth Foundation, India
DOI Awaited

English name

Heart leaved moonseed

Botanical identity

The principal medicinal source of Guduchi is the stem of Tinospora cordifolia.[1] The plant is a deciduous, climbing shrub with simple, heart‑shaped leaves and small, greenish flowers.[1] The genus Tinospora includes several species, and correct identification is important because some related species (e.g., Tinospora crispa) have been implicated in hepatotoxicity reports.[2]

For Ayurvedic purposes, the AYUSH technical dossier specifies that properly identified T. cordifolia stem should be used, warning against confusion with other Tinospora species that may occur in commercial supply.[1]

Other botanical names/varieties

The following botanical names are accepted by Plants of the World Online as of January 2024.

  • Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook.f. & Thomson
  • Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr
  • Tinospora arfakiana Becc.
  • Tinospora baenzigeri Forman
  • Tinopora bakis (A.Rich.)Miers
  • Tinospora celebica Diels
  • Tinopora dissitiflora (K.Schum. & Lauterb.) Diels
  • Tinopora esiangkara (F.M..Bailey) Forman
  • Tinospora formanii Udayan & Pradeep
  • Tinospora fragosa (I.Verd.) I.Verd. & Troupin
  • Tinospora glabra (Burm.f.)Merr.
  • Tinospora glandulosa Merr.
  • Tinospora guangxiensis H.S.Lo
  • Tinospora hainanensis H.S.Lo &Z.X.Li
  • Tinospora hirsuta (Becc.) Forman
  • Tinospora homosepala Diels
  • Tinospora macrocarpa Diels
  • Tinospora merriliana Diels
  • Tinospora neocaledonica Forman
  • Tinospora nudiflora (Griff.) Kurz
  • Tinospora orophila Troupin
  • Tinospora palminervis Miers
  • Tinospora siamensis Forman
  • Tinospora smilacina Benth.
  • Tinospora sumatrana Becc.
  • Tinospora teijsmannii Boerl.
  • Tinospora tenera Miers.
  • Tinospora tinosporoides (F.Muell.) Forman
  • Tinospora trilobata Diels.

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

Amruta, Madhuparni, Vayastha, Chhinnaruha, Vatsadini

Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu

Guduchi, Madhuparni, Amrita, Amritavallari, Chhinna, Chhinnaruha, Chhinnodbhava, Vatsadani, Jivanti, Tantrika, Soma, Somavalli, Kundali, Chakralakshanika, Dhira, Vishalya, Rasayani, Chandrahasa, Vayastha, Mandali, Devanirmita

Anupana according to Dosha

  • Vata – Ghrita
  • Pitta – Sharkara (Sugar)
  • Kapha – Madhu (Honey)
  • Vibandha (Constipation)– Guda (Jaggery)
  • Vatarakta (Gout) – Eranda taila (Castor oil)
  • Amavaata(Rhumatoid arthritis) – Shunthi (Ginger)

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties

Table 1: Properties of Guduchi
Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties
1 Taste (rasa) Bitter (tikta), Astringent (kashaya)
2 Potency (veerya) Hot (ushna)
3 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Sweet (madhura)
4 Qualities (guna) Heavy (guru), Unctuous (snigdha)
5 Actions (karma) Pacify vata, pitta and kapha

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

Herbs and their activities
Sr.no. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity
1 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 2/12 Asthapana
2 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 3/3 Siddhatamachurnapradeha
3 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(11) Truptighnamahakashay
4 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(18) Stanyashodhanamahakashay
5 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(21) Snehopagmahakashay
6 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(29) Trishnanigrahanamahakashay
7 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(41) Dahaprashamanamahakashaya
8 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(49) Prajasthapanamahakashaya
9 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(50) Vayasthapanmahakashaya
10 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 14/31 Dravya for Nadi Sweda
11 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/22 Management of obesity
12 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 25/40 Agrya Sangraha
13 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana27/4 Natural qualities.
14 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/106 Shaka Varga
15 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 26/49 Veerya varnan
16 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/135 Vaman dravyani
17 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/139 Madhur skanda
18 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/143 Tikta skandha
19 Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana.8/56 Kshira vishodhana dravya
20 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 1/22 Vamanartha
21 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 7/19 Preparations of Trivritta
22 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/198 Used as kwath or sheeta kashaya for trushna, deepana, doshapachana, jwar, aruchi and mukhavairasya.
23 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/202 Used in trutiyaka jwara.
24 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/202 Used in chaturthaka jwara.
25 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/211 As an ingredient of shatyadi varga  used in kasa, svasa, tandra,parshvashoola, hrdgraha and sannipata jwara.
26 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/222 As an ingredient of Vasadi Ghrita.
27 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/247 Used in niruha basti.
28 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/251 Used in Patoladi niruha basti.
29 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/267 In formulation of Agurvadi taila.
30 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/299 Used as swarasa in Vishama jwara.
31 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/343 Used in punaravrtaka jwara(Kirat tiktadi kwath)
32 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 6/29 Used for making decoction in Kaphaj prameh
33 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 6/30 Used for making decoction in Pittaja Prameha
34 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/77 Ingredient in Kanakabindurishta
35 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/124 Bahyaprayogarth Lepa in Vata-Kaphaja Kushtha
36 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/146 Ingredient in Mahatikta Ghrita
37 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/153 Ingredient in Mahakhadira Ghrita
38 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 8/72 For Parisheka purpose
39 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/25 In treatment of Vataja Shvayathu
40 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/34 Ingredient in Punarnavadyarishta
41 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/190 Used in preparation of Panchama Kshara
42 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 16/63 In Kamala Guduchi Swarasa should be given in early in the morning
43 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 16/134 Used in Halimak Chikitsa
44 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/94 Used in yusha preparation for hikka svasa
45 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/102 Used as yavagu in hikka svasa
46 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/35 As a ghrita dravya
47 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/161 As an ingredient of guduchyadi ghrita.
48 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/31 As a pana yoga in Pittaja chhardi.
49 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/35 As a pathya ahara in kaphaja chhardi.
50 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 21/58 For kashaya pana.
51 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 21/130 Used in granthi visarpa.
52 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 22/45 As a pana yoga.
53 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 23/70 As an ingredient of Gandha hasti agada.
54 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/145 Used as swarasa where pittaja madatyaya is associated with sarakta kasa, Parshvashoola, Stanashoola, Daaha & Hradayotkleda.
55 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 25/75 Used in shoola with sneha & sarkara.
56 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/57 Used in Kaphaja mutrakruchhra.
57 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/70 As an ingredient of Karpasmooladi yoga.
58 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/83 As an ingredient of Haritakyadi Ghrita.
59 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/243 As an ingredient of Amrutadi varti.
60 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/283 Used in Vataja swarbheda.
61 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/148 As an ingredient of Bala taila.
62 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/157 As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila.
63 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/170 As an ingredient of Vrushamuladi taila.
64 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/172 As an ingredient of Mulaka taila.
65 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/71 Anupana of Drakshadi Ghrita.
66 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/73 As an ingredient of Jeevakadi mahasneha.
67 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/92 As an ingredient of Madhuparnyadi taila.
68 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/103 As an ingredient of Amrutadhya taila.
69 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/117 As an ingredient of Shatapaka Madhuparni taila.
70 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/53 As an ingredient of Kashmaryadi ghrita, used in the treatment of Vataja yoni.
71 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/58 For parishechana in yoni shula.
72 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/99 Used in the treatment of Kaphaja pradara.
73 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/59 As an ingredient of Guduchyadi taila, used in the treatment of Vataja yoni roga.

Classical therapeutic uses

Guduchi is one of the most frequently cited herbs in Ayurvedic literature and is reported in formulations for a wide range of conditions, including:[1]

Classical actions attributed to Guduchi include:[1]

  • Rasayana (rejuvenative)
  • Dipana and Sangrahi (appetizing and absorbent)
  • Vataraktahara and Amavataghni (useful in gout and rheumatoid‑like arthritis)
  • Kamalahara (beneficial in jaundice and liver disorders)
  • Kushtaghna (beneficial in skin diseases)
  • Pramehaghna (beneficial in urinary and metabolic disorders)
  • Jvara (fever), including irregular and chronic fevers
  • Kamala (jaundice) and other hepatic and viral fevers
  • Vatarakta and amavata (gout and rheumatoid‑like arthritis)
  • Kasa (chronic cough)
  • Prameha (Diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders)
  • Chardighna (anti‑emetic indications)

The AYUSH technical dossier notes that Guduchi appears in more than 2,400 Ayurvedic formulations across over 24 dosage forms, indicating its broad and enduring therapeutic role.[1]

Parts used and dosage forms

In Ayurvedic practice, the mature stem is the primary part used for preparing Guduchi‑based medicines.[1] Common traditional dosage forms include:[1]

  • Churna (powder)
  • Kwatha (decoction)
  • Hima (cold infusion)
  • Svarasa (fresh juice)
  • Satva (starch preparation)
  • Ghrita (medicated ghee)
  • Taila (medicated oil)
  • Gutika (tablets)

Important Formulations

  • Amritarishta
  • Amritottara kvatha churna
  • Guduchi Taila
  • Guduchyadi churna
  • Guduchi Sattva
  • Chhinnodbhavadi kvatha churna
  • Kaishora Guggulu
  • Samshamani Vati

Dose

The AYUSH technical dossier cites typical dose ranges as:[1]

  • 3–6 g of powder
  • 20–30 g of coarse powder for decoction
  • 125 mg–1000 mg of Guduchi sattva, taken with appropriate anupana (vehicle)

Current availability

Available

Through all over India extending from Himalayas to the Southern part of India.

Other countries: Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar, Burma, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand

Current researches

Chemical constituents

Modern phytochemical studies have identified more than 200 compounds in Tinospora cordifolia and related species, including diterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, and phenolics.[3] Key constituents reported in the literature include:[1],[4]

  • Clerodane‑type diterpenoids
  • Cordifolioside A and tinosporaside (used as assay markers)
  • Alkaloids such as magnoflorine and berberine‑like compounds
  • Diterpenoid lactones and glycosides

These constituents are thought to contribute to the herb’s bitter taste, immunomodulatory, anti‑inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.[3]

Pharmacological actions

Experimental studies, including in vitro and animal models, support several pharmacological activities of Guduchi extracts.[3][4]

  • Immunomodulatory effects: Modulation of immune cell function and cytokine pathways.[3]
  • Anti‑inflammatory effects: Reduction of pro‑inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‑α and IL‑1β.[3][5]
  • Antioxidant activity: Scavenging of free radicals and reduction of oxidative stress.[4]
  • Antipyretic and analgesic activity in fever‑like models.[3]

Some studies also report hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and anti‑arthritic‑like effects, although the exact mechanisms and clinical relevance remain under investigation.[4][3]

Metabolic and endocrine research

Recent reviews suggest that Guduchi may have beneficial effects on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and related features of metabolic syndrome.[6] Anti‑diabetic and antihyperglycemic actions have been reported in animal models and some small human studies, including a randomized trial in diabetic dyslipidemia showing improvement in lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and metabolic‑syndrome prevalence with Guduchi‑stem supplementation.[7]

However, the overall evidence base still relies heavily on preclinical data and heterogeneous herbal preparations rather than standardized, large‑scale randomized trials.[6]

Musculoskeletal and inflammatory conditions

Guduchi is traditionally used for vatarakta and amavata, conditions resembling gout and rheumatoid arthritis.[1] Preclinical studies in arthritis models show that T. cordifolia extracts can reduce inflammatory mediators and markers of joint destruction, supporting its traditional anti‑arthritic use.[8]

However, the evidence is still preliminary, and current data justify Guduchi mainly as a potential adjunct to conventional therapy rather than as a standalone monotherapy for chronic inflammatory joint disease.[8]

Safety and hepatotoxicity

In recent years, several case reports and reviews have described herb‑induced liver injury associated with Guduchi or Tinospora‑containing products.[2],[9]

The NIH LiverTox resource notes that Guduchi‑associated liver injury can range from mild elevation of liver enzymes to clinically significant hepatitis and, rarely, acute liver failure, with some cases showing autoimmune‑like features.[2] Many cases occur in patients with pre‑existing liver disease or autoimmune predisposition and may be idiosyncratic or immune‑mediated.[2]

The AYUSH technical dossier highlights that many published liver injury reports lack detailed baseline documentation and may mix different species and preparations, underscoring the need for careful botanical identification, product quality control, and medical supervision, especially in patients with pre‑existing liver conditions.[1]

Current research trends

PubMed‑based trend analyses indicate a substantial increase in publications on Guduchi, rising from several hundred articles in the early 2010s to over 900 indexed studies by 2024, reflecting growing scientific interest.[1] This growth reflects heightened scientific and public interest but does not, by itself, equate to high‑quality clinical evidence.[6]

Most of the current evidence is from preclinical studies, mechanistic investigations, small trials, and narrative reviews; large, well‑designed randomized controlled trials are still limited.[6]

Clinical position

From an Ayurvedic perspective, Guduchi is regarded as a classical Rasayana with broad therapeutic indications, supported by long‑standing clinical experience.[1][4] From a modern evidence‑based medicine standpoint, it is best viewed as a promising but not yet fully established botanical agent for conditions such as metabolic syndrome, certain inflammatory disorders, and liver and immune‑mediated conditions.[6]

Use in clinical practice should emphasize:[2][1]

  • Accurate botanical identification and use of standardized preparations
  • Caution in patients with liver disease or autoimmunity
  • Integration with, rather than substitution for, established medical therapies

Indian Medicinal Plant Database, Phytochemistry And Therapeutics (IMPPAT)

Link: https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Tinospora%20crispa

This article is under development ..

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 "Technical Dossier on - Guduchi" (PDF). Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. 2019. Retrieved 2026-04-13. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nnamani I, Tolu-Akinnawo O, Dufera RR, Akintunde A, Maliakkal B. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi/Giloy)-Induced Liver Injury: A Case Review. Cureus. 2023 May 31;15(5):e39793. doi: 10.7759/cureus.39793. PMID: 37273324; PMCID: PMC10238282.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Yates CR, Bruno EJ, Yates MED. Tinospora Cordifolia: A review of its immunomodulatory properties. J Diet Suppl. 2022;19(2):271-285. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1873214. Epub 2021 Jan 22. PMID: 33480818.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Saha S, Ghosh S. Tinospora cordifolia: One plant, many roles. Anc Sci Life. 2012 Apr;31(4):151-9. doi: 10.4103/0257-7941.107344. PMID: 23661861; PMCID: PMC3644751
  5. ↑ {{Cite Ghatpande NS, Misar AV, Waghole RJ, Jadhav SH, Kulkarni PP. Tinospora cordifolia protects against inflammation associated anemia by modulating inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin expression in male Wistar rats. Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 29;9(1):10969. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47458-0. PMID: 31358831; PMCID: PMC6662690}}
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 {{Mansouri M, Imenshahidi M, Rameshrad M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of Tinospora cordifolia (giloy) on metabolic syndrome components: a mechanistic review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 May;398(5):4979-5009. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03642-2. Epub 2024 Dec 28. PMID: 39731594.}}
  7. ↑ "Tinospora cordifolia stem supplementation in diabetic dyslipidemia: an open‑labelled randomized controlled trial". International Journal of Research and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15 (12): 100–107. 2024. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sannegowda, K. M. (2015). "Tinospora cordifolia inhibits autoimmune arthritis by regulating key immune mediators of inflammation and bone damage". International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 28 (4): 521–531. PMID 26467057. doi:10.1177/0394632015608248. 
  9. ↑ Björnsson ES, Navarro VJ, Chalasani N. Liver Injury Following Tinospora Cordifolia Consumption: Drug-Induced AIH, or de novo AIH? J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022 Jan-Feb;12(1):6-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.11.014. Epub 2021 Nov 29. PMID: 35068778; PMCID: PMC8766689.
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