Difference between revisions of "Yapana basti"

From Charak Samhita
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 9: Line 9:
 
|type=article
 
|type=article
 
}}
 
}}
−
<p style="text-align:justify;">The word ‘yapana’ means to sustain or to maintain. The therapeutic enema (basti) intended for sustaining life is termed as ‘Yapana basti’. It is indicated in chronic and critical conditions like  urolithiasis (ashmari), insanity  (unmada), obstinate urinary diseases (prameha), abdominal distension (adhmana), vatarakta.[Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/16] It is used for providing instant nourishment and strength. In current practices, yapana basti is mainly used in disease of shukra and asthi dhatu like infertility and lumbar spondylosis etc.. The present chapter deals with specific indications of yapana basti and its utility in current practices.</p>
+
<p style="text-align:justify;">The word ‘yapana’ means to sustain or to maintain. The [[Basti|therapeutic enema (basti)]] intended for sustaining life is termed as ‘Yapana basti’. It is indicated in chronic and critical conditions like  urolithiasis (ashmari), insanity  ([[Unmada Chikitsa|unmada]]), obstinate urinary diseases ([[Prameha Nidana|prameha]]), abdominal distension (adhmana), [[Vatarakta Chikitsa|vatarakta]].[Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 12/16] It is used for providing instant nourishment and strength. In current practices, yapana basti is mainly used in [[Vyadhi|disease]] of [[Shukra dhatu|shukra]] and [[Asthi dhatu|asthi dhatu]] like infertility and lumbar spondylosis etc.. The present chapter deals with specific indications of yapana basti and its utility in current practices.</p>
  
 
{{Infobox
 
{{Infobox
Line 19: Line 19:
  
 
|label2 = Authors
 
|label2 = Authors
−
|data2 = Kulkarni Gajanan<sup>1</sup>, <br/>Deole Y.S. <sup>2</sup> <br/>Bhatt Hemisha<sup>2</sup>
+
|data2 = Kulkarni Gajanan<sup>1</sup><br/>[[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>2</sup><br/>Bhatt Hemisha<sup>2</sup>
  
 
|label3 = Reviewer & Editor
 
|label3 = Reviewer & Editor
−
|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>3</sup>
+
|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]<sup>3</sup>
  
 
|label4 = Affiliations
 
|label4 = Affiliations
Line 46: Line 46:
 
== Synonyms ==
 
== Synonyms ==
 
Following words are synonymous to yapana.  
 
Following words are synonymous to yapana.  
−
* Dharanam – to maintain [Su. Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/12]
+
* Dharanam – to maintain [Su. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana|Nidana Sthana]] 1/12]
−
* Poshanam – to nourish [Su. Sa. Nidana Sthana 14/30]
+
* Poshanam – to nourish [Su. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana|Nidana Sthana]] 14/30]
−
* Rog-shamanam – to pacify disease [ Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 6/13]
+
* Rog-shamanam – to pacify [[Vyadhi|disease]] [Su. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/13]
−
* Yatrakara- supporting journey of life [ Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/39]
+
* Yatrakara- supporting journey of life [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/39]
−
* The basti which promotes longevity of life is ‘yapana basti’ [Chakrapani on Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/17]
+
* The basti which promotes longevity of life is ‘yapana basti’ [Chakrapani on Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 12/17]
−
* Pranadharana-  sustain viatality [Arundatta A.Hr. Kalpa Sthana 14/29]
+
* Pranadharana-  sustain viatality [Arundatta A.Hr. [[Kalpa Sthana|Kalpa Sthana]] 14/29]
  
 
== Difference in Yapana and Anuvasana basti ==
 
== Difference in Yapana and Anuvasana basti ==
Line 57: Line 57:
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
|+'''Table no.1: Difference in Yapana basti, Anuvasana Basti and Niruha  Basti'''
+
|+'''Table no.1: Difference in Yapana basti, Anuvasana Basti and Niruha Basti'''
−
!'''Yapan basti'''
+
!'''Yapan basti'''
−
!'''Anuvasana basti'''
+
!'''Anuvasana basti'''
−
!'''Niruha basti'''
+
!'''Niruha basti'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Mild (mrudu) in nature
+
|Mild (mrudu) in nature
−
|It can be mild (mrudu) or sharp (tikshna)   based on ingredients
+
|It can be mild (mrudu) or sharp (tikshna) based on ingredients
−
|Sharp (Tikshna) in nature
+
|Sharp (Tikshna) in nature
 
|-
 
|-
−
|It leads to purification (shodhana) and nourishment (brimhana) at same time.
+
|It leads to purification ([[Shodhana|shodhana]]) and nourishment ([[Brimhana|brimhana]]) at same time.
−
|It mainly  leads to nourishment (brimhana).
+
|It mainly  leads to nourishment ([[Brimhana|brimhana]]).
−
|Mainly for purification (shodhan) purpose.
+
|Mainly for purification ([[Shodhana|shodhan]]) purpose.
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Mamsa, asthi and majjagat dhatu related diseases are treated by giving yapana basti
+
|[[Mamsa dhatu|Mamsa]], [[Asthi dhatu|asthi]] and [[Majja dhatu|majjagat dhatu]] related [[Vyadhi|diseases]] are treated by giving yapana basti
−
|Vata vyadhi and depletion related disorders (apatarpanottha roga) can be treated by  giving anuvasana basti
+
|[[Vata dosha|Vata vyadhi]] and depletion related disorders (apatarpanottha roga) can be treated by  giving [[Anuvasana|anuvasana basti]]
−
|Vata vyadhi  and over nutrition related disorders (santarpanottha roga) are treated by giving niruha basti
+
|[[Vata dosha|Vata vyadhi]] and over nutrition related disorders (santarpanottha roga) are treated by giving [[Asthapana basti|niruha basti]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Can be administered in healthy individual
+
|Can be administered in healthy individual
−
|Can be administered in healthy individual by less dose
+
|Can be administered in healthy individual by less dose
−
|Mostly can’t be given in healthy person
+
|Mostly can’t be given in healthy person
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Single yapana basti is given
+
|Single yapana basti is given
−
|Combination with niruha gives more results
+
|Combination with [[Asthapana basti|niruha]] gives more results
−
|Always combine with anuvasana
+
|Always combine with [[Anuvasana|anuvasana]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Basti retention time is more than niruha
+
|[[Basti|Basti]] retention time is more than [[Asthapana basti|niruha]]
−
|Basti retention time is 3 hours
+
|[[Basti|Basti]] retention time is 3 hours
−
|Retention time is 48 minutes
+
|Retention time is 48 minutes
 
|}
 
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+'''Ingredient described in different context:'''
 
|+'''Ingredient described in different context:'''
−
!'''Charak Samhita(12)'''
+
!'''Charak Samhita(12)'''
−
!'''Sushrut Samhita(1)'''
+
!'''Sushrut Samhita(1)'''
−
!'''Ashtang hruday(2)'''
+
!'''Ashtang hruday(2)'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Jaggery (guda)
+
|Jaggery (guda)
−
|Mustadi Rajyapan basti
+
|Mustadi Rajyapan basti
  
 
(su.chi.38/103)
 
(su.chi.38/103)
−
|Honey (Madhu)
+
|Honey (Madhu)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Ghee (ghrita)
+
|[[Ghee|Ghee]] (ghrita)
 
|Medicinal  decoction (mustadi kwath)
 
|Medicinal  decoction (mustadi kwath)
 
|Oil (Tail)
 
|Oil (Tail)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Oil (taila), medicated paste (kalka)
+
|Oil (taila), medicated paste (kalka)
 
|Milk (ksheera)
 
|Milk (ksheera)
−
|Meat soup(mamsa rasa)
+
|Meat soup(mamsa rasa)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Honey (kshaudra)
+
|Honey (kshaudra)
−
|Meat soup(mamsa rasa)
+
|Meat soup(mamsa rasa)
−
|Ghee (ajya)                                                          
+
|[[Ghee|Ghee]] (ajya)                                                          
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Medicated milk
+
|Medicated milk
  
−
(siddha ksheera)
+
(siddha ksheera)
−
|Medicated paste (kalka)
+
|Medicated paste (kalka)
−
|Medicated paste (ghana kalka)
+
|Medicated paste (ghana kalka)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Meat soup (mamsa rasa)
+
|Meat soup (mamsa rasa)
 
|
 
|
−
|Musle fat    (Vasa)(prasut)
+
|Musle fat (Vasa)(prasut)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Amlakanji (sour fermented liquid)
+
|Amlakanji (sour fermented liquid)
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 144: Line 144:
 
|Milk
 
|Milk
 
|Kshira
 
|Kshira
−
|Madhura (sweet)
+
|[[Madhura|Madhura (sweet)]]
−
|Sheeta
+
|[[Sheeta|Sheeta]]
  
 
(cold)
 
(cold)
−
|Madhura
+
|[[Madhura|Madhura]]
  
 
(sweet)
 
(sweet)
−
|Snigdha (unctuous)
+
|Snigdha (unctuous)
  
−
Sara (moving)
+
Sara (moving)
 
|Lactose
 
|Lactose
  
 
Lipid
 
Lipid
  
−
Lieolinic acid
+
Lieolinic acid
  
−
Palmitic acid
+
Palmitic acid
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2
 
|2
 
|Honey
 
|Honey
 
|Madhu
 
|Madhu
−
|Madhur
+
|[[Madhura|Madhur]]
  
−
Kashay
+
[[Kashaya|Kashay]]
−
|Sheeta
+
|[[Sheeta|Sheeta]]
−
|Madhura
+
|[[Madhura|Madhura]]
−
|Sheeta,
+
|[[Sheeta|Sheeta]],
  
 
Laghu,
 
Laghu,
Line 183: Line 183:
 
Lactose
 
Lactose
  
−
Vanallic acid
+
Vanallic acid
  
 
Pinobanksin
 
Pinobanksin
Line 190: Line 190:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3
 
|3
−
|Meat soup
+
|Meat soup
−
|Mamsa
+
|[[Mamsa dhatu|Mamsa]]
  
 
rasa
 
rasa
−
|Madhura
+
|[[Madhura|Madhura]]
 
|
 
|
−
|Madhura
+
|[[Madhura|Madhura]]
 
|Guru
 
|Guru
 
|75% of water, 25%  of solids. Solids:
 
|75% of water, 25%  of solids. Solids:
Line 203: Line 203:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4
 
|4
−
|Ghee
+
|[[Ghee|Ghee]]
 
|Ghruta
 
|Ghruta
−
|Madhura
+
|[[Madhura|Madhura]]
−
|Sheet
+
|[[Sheeta|Sheet]]
−
|Madhura
+
|[[Madhura|Madhura]]
 
|Alpa
 
|Alpa
  
 
Abhishyandikari
 
Abhishyandikari
−
|Leonalic acid,
+
|Leonalic acid,
  
−
Beutenolic acid,
+
Beutenolic acid,
  
 
Lanosterol,
 
Lanosterol,
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5
 
|5
−
|Rock salt
+
|Rock salt
 
|Saindhav
 
|Saindhav
−
|Lavan
+
|[[Lavana|Lavan]]
−
|sheet
+
|[[Sheeta|sheet]]
−
|madhur
+
|[[Madhura|madhur]]
 
|Laghu
 
|Laghu
  
Line 233: Line 233:
 
|Oil
 
|Oil
 
|Taila
 
|Taila
−
|As per its source
+
|As per its source
 
|Ushna
 
|Ushna
−
|As per its source
+
|As per its source
 
|Tikshna,
 
|Tikshna,
  
Line 250: Line 250:
 
|Jaggery
 
|Jaggery
 
|Guda
 
|Guda
−
|Madhura
+
|[[Madhura|Madhura]]
 
|Ushna
 
|Ushna
−
|Madhur
+
|[[Madhura|Madhur]]
 
|Laghu,
 
|Laghu,
  
Line 266: Line 266:
 
|8
 
|8
 
|Fermented  alcohol based formulation
 
|Fermented  alcohol based formulation
−
|Amla kanji
+
|[[Amla|Amla]] kanji
−
|Amla
+
|[[Amla|Amla]]
 
|ushna
 
|ushna
−
|Amla
+
|[[Amla|Amla]]
 
|Laghu,
 
|Laghu,
  
Line 276: Line 276:
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
== Indications ==
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">Yapana basti is indicated for purification ([[Shodhana|shodhana]]), nourishment ([[Brimhana|brimhana]]) with  proper functioning of [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] (vata anulomana). These are mridu basti. [Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 12/29], hence these are indicated in [[Vyadhi|diseases]] due to [[Vata dosha|vata]] [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] vitiation and depletion of [[Shukra dhatu|shukra]] and [[Mamsa dhatu|mamsa dhatu]] (ksheena). <br/>It is indicated in following conditions: </p>
 +
<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li>Vishama [[Jwara Chikitsa|jvara]] [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/302]<br/>
 +
Visham jwara is a condition where both [[Bala|strength (bala)]] of [[Dosha|dosha]] and [[Dhatu|dhatu]] are diminished. Hence these types of fevers come intermittently.</li>
 +
<li>Halimaka [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/136]<br/>
 +
Halimaka is state where [[Vata dosha|vata]] and [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] are excessively increased and have excessive [[Bala|bala]] – shukra kshaya, redering the patient in very critical condition.</li>
 +
<li>Avrutta [[Vata dosha|vata]]  [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/240]<br/>
 +
Long standing conditions of avrutta [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] inevitabely lead to emaciation of [[Dhatu|dhatu]] ([[Shosha Nidana|shosha]]). Here yapan is used to increase [[Dhatu|dhatu]] as well as to achieve sroto [[Shodhana|shodhana]] and [[Vata dosha|vata]] anulomana.</li>
 +
<li>Jara sambhavaja klaibya  [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/203]<br/>
 +
Jara is a condition where [[Rasa dhatu|rasa dhatu]] is unable to nourish all other [[Dhatu|dhatus]] </li>
 +
<li>Pain in lower half of [[Sharira|body]] <br/>
 +
It eradicates pain from rectum, thighs, knee joints, scrotum and bladder. (Payu janu uru vrushan basti shulnut) [Aas. Hru. [[Kalpa Sthana|Kalpa Sthana]] 4/29]</li></ol>
 +
Sushruta Samhita advise yapan basti in following condition: [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/111]
 +
<div style="column-count:2">
 +
# Vatrakta
 +
# Meha
 +
# [[Shvayathu Chikitsa|Shopha]]
 +
# [[Arsha Chikitsa|Arsha]]
 +
# [[Gulma Nidana|Gulma]]
 +
# Mutrakruchhha
 +
# Chakshushya
 +
# [[Visarpa Chikitsa|Visarp]]
 +
# [[Jwara|Jwara]]
 +
# [[Raktapitta|Raktapitta]]
 +
# Balya
 +
# Sanjeevan
 +
# Shoolanashak
 +
# Vrushya
 +
</div>
  
 +
== Method of preparation ==
 +
<ol type="A" style="text-align:justify;"><li>Material required in making basti</li>
 +
<ul><li>Basti putak (enema bag)</li>
 +
<li>Basti netra (nozzle)</li>
 +
<li>Gloves</li>
 +
<li>Cotton cloth</li>
 +
<li>Mortal & pastel</li></ul>
 +
<li>Ingredients of [[Basti|basti]]</li>
 +
<ol><li>In case of yapana basti, medicated milk (sidhdha ksheera) is used in place of [[Kashaya|kashaya]] (decoction)</li>
 +
<li>Honey, mamsa rasa, [[Ghee|ghee]] are other major ingredients used in yapana basti.</li></ol>
 +
<li>Procedure to formulate & administration of basti:</li></ol>
  
 +
=== Pre-procedure: ===
 +
<ol type="A" style="text-align:justify;"><li>Preparation of patient</li>
 +
<li>Preparation of [[Basti|basti]].</li></ol>
 +
<ol type="A" style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight: bold;">Preparation of patient: <br/><span style="font-weight: normal;">After the evacuation of bladder and bowels, local massage and fomentation on pelvic region shall be done.</span></li>
 +
<li style="font-weight: bold;">Preparation of basti:<br/><span style="font-weight: normal;">First of all, the dravyas soaked in warm water for overnight then next morning milk and water should be added with the measurement 1:8:16 and kept for boiling upto ashtamansh shoshit (..).
 +
<br/>This siddha ksheera is kept nearby. Then take morter and pestle and add [[Lavana|lavan]] and triturate it properly then add makshik followed by sneh (ghrut/tail/vasa) followed by kalka (various aushadhi) and then sidhdh ksheera. Make homogenous mixture of it by continuous stirring of morter within pestle. The proportion of [[Dravya|dravyas]] are as per classical list.
 +
</span></li></ol>
  
 +
=== Main procedure (pradhana karma) and  post procedure (pashchat karma): ===
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">The procedure for administration of yapana basti and post therapeutic protocol are same as like therapeutic enema ([[Basti|basti]]).
 +
<br/>Some clinical research suggests that average retention time of yapan basti is 92 minutes.(Gajanan Kulkarni) </p>
  
 +
=== Adverse effect and it’s management: ===
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">The improper administration of yapana basti can lead to following adverse effects like oedema, loss of digestive power, anemia, pain, hemorrhoids, proctalgia/fissure in ano, fever, diarrhea.
 +
<br/>In such cases, patients are treated with medicinal formulations like [[Arishta|arishta]], kshira, [[Sidhu|sidhu]]. All the treatment planned should be aimed at increasing the power of digestion. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 2/31]
 +
<br/>Sometime due to its mild nature (mrudutva), the yapana basti does not get eliminated out of [[Sharira|body]]. Then immediately another asthapana basti with cow urine (gomutra) and other sharply acting agents (tikshna dravyas) should be administered.</p>
  
 +
=== Time of administration ===
 +
Yapana basti can be given at all times and after meal also.
  
 +
== Practical application and rationale behind using of yapana basti ==
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">Among all these [[Vyadhi|diseases]] which are mentined above, there is obvious loss of one or more components ([[Dhatu|dhatu]]) of the [[Sharira|body]]. Moreover, all these dieases are chronic in nature.
 +
<br/>The following phenomena appear in this type of [[Vyadhi|diseases]] due to the damage to [[Sharira|body]] components that has already taken place (dhatukshaya) and prolonged presence of the [[Vyadhi|disease]] in the [[Sharira|body]].</p>
 +
<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li>[[Vata dosha|Vata dosha]] rages very strongly (vayurdhatukshayatkopo). This overpowered vayu carries [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] and [[Kapha dosha|kapha dosha]] to different parts of [[Sharira|body]] [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/60] and gets obstructed by them. Once it gets obstructed there, [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] starts absorbing and emaciating the [[Dhatu|dhatu]] present there. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/61]
 +
<br/>This extension in the pathology of original [[Vyadhi|disease]] gives rise to more depletion of [[Dhatu|dhatu]] (dhatu kshaya) and causing new symptoms or [[Vyadhi|disease]].
 +
<br/>It means that the original [[Vyadhi|disease]] becomes more serious. If we look at these [[Vyadhi|diseases]] like halimaka, vishama [[Jwara Chikitsa|jvara]] etc., these all are fatal in nature, because such type of extended pathophysiology.</li>
 +
<li>Prolonged [[Vyadhi|disease]] condition with extension of [[Dosha|dosha]] in all over [[Sharira|body]] involves all other systems in [[Sharira|body]] in [[Vyadhi|disease]] process. This makes the original [[Vyadhi|disease]] multisystemic disorder, and this can cause critical condition of the patient. </li>
 +
<li>From the discussion, so far it is clear that the following things happen in all of the above mentioned [[Vyadhi|diseases]] :</li>
 +
<ol type="a"><li>Great loss of [[Sharira|body]] components in a progressive way</li>
 +
<li>Very strong dominance of [[Vata dosha|vata]] in pathogenesis due to dhatukshaya and [[Avarana|avarana]] as well.</li>
 +
<li>Multi system involvement</li>
 +
<li>A huge fall in strength of [[Sharira|body]]. (balaadhishthanam aarogyam) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 3]</li></ol></ol>
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">Now considering the treatment of these conditions, there needs to be a treatment that has, nourishment ([[Brimhana|brimhana]]), strengthening power (balya), pacifying [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] ([[Vata dosha|vata]] [[Shamana|shamana]]), anulomana and clearing the channels (srotoshodhan) property.
 +
<br/>Yapan basti hits all these criteria to treat these ailments surely.
 +
<br/>This clearing of channels (srotoshodhana), provides lubrication ([[Snehana (unction therapy)|snehana]]), [[Vata dosha|vata]] anulomana, nourishment ([[Brimhana|brimhana]]) and strengthening power (balya). Yapan basti becomes a radical therapy there.</p>
  
 +
== Things to be avoided during yapan basti therapy ==
 +
Vyayama – exercise
 +
<br/>Maithuna – sexual activities       
 +
<br/>Madya – alcoholic beverages
 +
<br/>Madhu – honey
 +
<br/>Shishira ambu –Intake of cold water
 +
<br/>Rath kshobha – travelling 
  
 +
== Current researches ==
 +
=== Effect of yapana basti in shukragata vata ===
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti and akarakarabhadi yoga was assessed in cases of shukragata vata. The patients treated with protocol of yapana basti and akarkarbhadi yoga showed considerable improvement (55.35%) in premature ejaculation.<ref name="ref1">Mangalasseri Prakash (2002): A clinical study of shukragata-vata w.s.r. to premature ejaculation and its management with akarakarabhadi yoga and yapana basti, Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.</ref></p>
 +
 +
=== Effect of yapana basti in shukra dushti ===
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed in case of shukra dushti. The patient treated with protocol of yapana basti and [[Vajikarana|vajikarana]] yoga showed considerable improvement in semen volume (32%), sperm viability(14.6%) and sperm count(42.58%).<ref name="ref2">Gupta, S.K., Prasad, N.K., Shukla, V.D., & Thakar, A. (2016). Effect of Baladi Yapana Basti and Vajikarana Yoga in the management of Oligoasthenozoospermia. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.</ref></p>
 +
 +
=== Effect of yapana basti in pakshaghata ===
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">In clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed in case of pakshaghata. The patient treated with protocol of yapan basti and karm basti showed considerable improvement in  speech (100%), facial expression (44.44%), and drooping wrist (21.42%).<ref name="ref3">Gajanana Kulkarni.(2007). A Comparative Study of Role Of Yapana Basti And Karma Basti In The Management Of Pakshaghata (CVA). Department of Panchakarma, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.</ref></p>
 +
 +
=== Effect of yapana basti in kampavata ===
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed in case of kampavata. The patient treated with protocol of yapan basti showed considerable improvement in kampa (tremors) (41.17%), [[Stambhana|stambha]] (stiffness) (46.15%),  in gati vikriti (movements) (60%), in vak vikriti (abnormal speech)(50%)  and [[Smruti (memory)|smriti (memory)]](33.33%). <ref name="ref4">Vinay Chaudhary. (2007) Clinical Study Of Standardization Of Yapan Basti In The Management Of Kampavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.</ref></p>
 +
 +
=== Effect of yapana basti in katigraha ===
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed to study its efficacy in katigraha (lumbago with stiffness). The patient treated with protocol of erandmuladi yapana basti and erandabeeja kshirapaka showed considerable improvement in katigraha (lumbago with stiffness) (70%), kati shula (pain in waist) (70.97%), sparsha asahatwa (tenderness) (91.11%).<ref name="ref5">Damayanthie Fernando KP, Thakar AB, Shukla VD. Clinical efficacy of Eranda Muladi Yapana Basti in the management of Kati Graha (Lumbar spondylosis). Ayu. 2013 Jan;34(1):36-41. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.115444. PMID: 24049403; PMCID: PMC3764877</ref></p>
 +
 +
=== Effect of yapana basti in cervical spondylosis ===
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed in case of cervical spondylosis. The patient treated with protocol of bruhatyadi yapan basti and patrapinda sweda showed considerable improvement in spine, like flexion (81.82%), extension (67.74%), lateral rotation (82.93%), numbness (91.30%), tingling sensation (80.95%).<ref name="ref6">Rani Sangeeta Ishwar Singh, A Randomized Clinical Trial On Brihatyadi Yapana Basti And Patra Pinda Sweda With Aaditya Paka Guggulu In The Management Of Cervical Spondylosis W.S.R. To Asthigata Vata
 +
https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=13976&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2713976det%27
 +
</ref></p>
 +
 +
=== Effect of yapana basti in vandhyatva (infertility) ===
 +
<p style="text-align:justify;">In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed in cases of vandhyatva. The patient treated with protocol of brihtyadi yapana basti and shivalingi beej churna showed considerable improvement in effect on ovulation (80%) and follicular size.<ref name="ref7">Balat, Gaurav et al. “Effect of Brihatyadi Yapana Basti and Shivalingi (Bryonia laciniosa Linn.) seed powder in the management of female infertility (Vandhyatva) due to anovulatory factor: An open-labelled randomized clinical trial.” Ayu vol. 40,4 (2019): 216-222. doi:10.4103/ayu.AYU_123_18
 +
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33935438/
 +
</ref></p>
 +
 +
These preliminary studies show positive effects of yapana basti in various conditions. More focused research can be helpful in understanding effect of yapana basti in chronic and critical conditions.
  
 
<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>
 
<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>

Latest revision as of 10:05, 24 February 2024

Cite.png

The word ‘yapana’ means to sustain or to maintain. The therapeutic enema (basti) intended for sustaining life is termed as ‘Yapana basti’. It is indicated in chronic and critical conditions like urolithiasis (ashmari), insanity (unmada), obstinate urinary diseases (prameha), abdominal distension (adhmana), vatarakta.[Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/16] It is used for providing instant nourishment and strength. In current practices, yapana basti is mainly used in disease of shukra and asthi dhatu like infertility and lumbar spondylosis etc.. The present chapter deals with specific indications of yapana basti and its utility in current practices.

Contributors
Section/Chapter/topic Concepts/Basti/Yapana basti
Authors Kulkarni Gajanan1
Deole Y.S.2
Bhatt Hemisha2
Reviewer & Editor Basisht G.3
Affiliations 1 Consultant, Ayurveda Clinic, Pune, India
2 Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
3 Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
Correspondence emails ayurgk@yahoo.co.in,
dryogeshdeole@gmail.com,
carakasamhita@gmail.com
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre, I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
Date of publication: August 25, 2023
DOI 10.47468/CSNE.2023.e01.s09.146

Etymology and derivation

The word ‘Yapana’ is derived from combination of ya + nich + lyut. ‘Yapya’ means to be expelled or to be discharged. [Monnier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899]

Synonyms

Following words are synonymous to yapana.

  • Dharanam – to maintain [Su. Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/12]
  • Poshanam – to nourish [Su. Sa. Nidana Sthana 14/30]
  • Rog-shamanam – to pacify disease [Su. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 6/13]
  • Yatrakara- supporting journey of life [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/39]
  • The basti which promotes longevity of life is ‘yapana basti’ [Chakrapani on Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/17]
  • Pranadharana- sustain viatality [Arundatta A.Hr. Kalpa Sthana 14/29]

Difference in Yapana and Anuvasana basti

Table no.1: Difference in Yapana basti, Anuvasana Basti and Niruha Basti
Yapan basti Anuvasana basti Niruha basti
Mild (mrudu) in nature It can be mild (mrudu) or sharp (tikshna) based on ingredients Sharp (Tikshna) in nature
It leads to purification (shodhana) and nourishment (brimhana) at same time. It mainly leads to nourishment (brimhana). Mainly for purification (shodhan) purpose.
Mamsa, asthi and majjagat dhatu related diseases are treated by giving yapana basti Vata vyadhi and depletion related disorders (apatarpanottha roga) can be treated by giving anuvasana basti Vata vyadhi and over nutrition related disorders (santarpanottha roga) are treated by giving niruha basti
Can be administered in healthy individual Can be administered in healthy individual by less dose Mostly can’t be given in healthy person
Single yapana basti is given Combination with niruha gives more results Always combine with anuvasana
Basti retention time is more than niruha Basti retention time is 3 hours Retention time is 48 minutes
Ingredient described in different context:
Charak Samhita(12) Sushrut Samhita(1) Ashtang hruday(2)
Jaggery (guda) Mustadi Rajyapan basti

(su.chi.38/103)

Honey (Madhu)
Ghee (ghrita) Medicinal decoction (mustadi kwath) Oil (Tail)
Oil (taila), medicated paste (kalka) Milk (ksheera) Meat soup(mamsa rasa)
Honey (kshaudra) Meat soup(mamsa rasa) Ghee (ajya)                                                        
Medicated milk

(siddha ksheera)

Medicated paste (kalka) Medicated paste (ghana kalka)
Meat soup (mamsa rasa) Musle fat (Vasa)(prasut)
Amlakanji (sour fermented liquid)
Pharmacological property of different ingredients of yapana basti:
Sr no Contents Sanskrit name Rasa

(taste)

Veerya (potency) Vipaka

(post digestion effect)

Guna

(properties)

Chemical constituents
1 Milk Kshira Madhura (sweet) Sheeta

(cold)

Madhura

(sweet)

Snigdha (unctuous)

Sara (moving)

Lactose

Lipid

Lieolinic acid

Palmitic acid

2 Honey Madhu Madhur

Kashay

Sheeta Madhura Sheeta,

Laghu,

Shukshma,

Vishada,

Ropana,

Glucose

Lactose

Vanallic acid

Pinobanksin

Galangin

3 Meat soup Mamsa

rasa

Madhura Madhura Guru 75% of water, 25% of solids. Solids:

20% of proteins, 5% of organic substances

4 Ghee Ghruta Madhura Sheet Madhura Alpa

Abhishyandikari

Leonalic acid,

Beutenolic acid,

Lanosterol,

5 Rock salt Saindhav Lavan sheet madhur Laghu

Snigdha

Sukshma

Nacl
6 Oil Taila As per its source Ushna As per its source Tikshna,

Vyavayi,

Sukshma


Lipid

Folic acid, nicotinic acid, planteose, pentosan

7 Jaggery Guda Madhura Ushna Madhur Laghu,

Unabhishyandi

Sucrose

Fat

Protein

Ash

8 Fermented alcohol based formulation Amla kanji Amla ushna Amla Laghu,

Tikshna

Fermented chemicals

Indications

Yapana basti is indicated for purification (shodhana), nourishment (brimhana) with proper functioning of vayu (vata anulomana). These are mridu basti. [Cha. Sa. Siddhi Sthana 12/29], hence these are indicated in diseases due to vata pitta vitiation and depletion of shukra and mamsa dhatu (ksheena).
It is indicated in following conditions:

  1. Vishama jvara [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3/302]
    Visham jwara is a condition where both strength (bala) of dosha and dhatu are diminished. Hence these types of fevers come intermittently.
  2. Halimaka [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 16/136]
    Halimaka is state where vata and pitta are excessively increased and have excessive bala – shukra kshaya, redering the patient in very critical condition.
  3. Avrutta vata [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 28/240]
    Long standing conditions of avrutta vayu inevitabely lead to emaciation of dhatu (shosha). Here yapan is used to increase dhatu as well as to achieve sroto shodhana and vata anulomana.
  4. Jara sambhavaja klaibya [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/203]
    Jara is a condition where rasa dhatu is unable to nourish all other dhatus
  5. Pain in lower half of body
    It eradicates pain from rectum, thighs, knee joints, scrotum and bladder. (Payu janu uru vrushan basti shulnut) [Aas. Hru. Kalpa Sthana 4/29]

Sushruta Samhita advise yapan basti in following condition: [Su.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 38/111]

  1. Vatrakta
  2. Meha
  3. Shopha
  4. Arsha
  5. Gulma
  6. Mutrakruchhha
  7. Chakshushya
  8. Visarp
  9. Jwara
  10. Raktapitta
  11. Balya
  12. Sanjeevan
  13. Shoolanashak
  14. Vrushya

Method of preparation

  1. Material required in making basti
    • Basti putak (enema bag)
    • Basti netra (nozzle)
    • Gloves
    • Cotton cloth
    • Mortal & pastel
  2. Ingredients of basti
    1. In case of yapana basti, medicated milk (sidhdha ksheera) is used in place of kashaya (decoction)
    2. Honey, mamsa rasa, ghee are other major ingredients used in yapana basti.
  3. Procedure to formulate & administration of basti:

Pre-procedure:

  1. Preparation of patient
  2. Preparation of basti.
  1. Preparation of patient:
    After the evacuation of bladder and bowels, local massage and fomentation on pelvic region shall be done.
  2. Preparation of basti:
    First of all, the dravyas soaked in warm water for overnight then next morning milk and water should be added with the measurement 1:8:16 and kept for boiling upto ashtamansh shoshit (..).
    This siddha ksheera is kept nearby. Then take morter and pestle and add lavan and triturate it properly then add makshik followed by sneh (ghrut/tail/vasa) followed by kalka (various aushadhi) and then sidhdh ksheera. Make homogenous mixture of it by continuous stirring of morter within pestle. The proportion of dravyas are as per classical list.

Main procedure (pradhana karma) and post procedure (pashchat karma):

The procedure for administration of yapana basti and post therapeutic protocol are same as like therapeutic enema (basti).
Some clinical research suggests that average retention time of yapan basti is 92 minutes.(Gajanan Kulkarni)

Adverse effect and it’s management:

The improper administration of yapana basti can lead to following adverse effects like oedema, loss of digestive power, anemia, pain, hemorrhoids, proctalgia/fissure in ano, fever, diarrhea.
In such cases, patients are treated with medicinal formulations like arishta, kshira, sidhu. All the treatment planned should be aimed at increasing the power of digestion. [Cha.Sa. Siddhi Sthana 2/31]
Sometime due to its mild nature (mrudutva), the yapana basti does not get eliminated out of body. Then immediately another asthapana basti with cow urine (gomutra) and other sharply acting agents (tikshna dravyas) should be administered.

Time of administration

Yapana basti can be given at all times and after meal also.

Practical application and rationale behind using of yapana basti

Among all these diseases which are mentined above, there is obvious loss of one or more components (dhatu) of the body. Moreover, all these dieases are chronic in nature.
The following phenomena appear in this type of diseases due to the damage to body components that has already taken place (dhatukshaya) and prolonged presence of the disease in the body.

  1. Vata dosha rages very strongly (vayurdhatukshayatkopo). This overpowered vayu carries pitta and kapha dosha to different parts of body [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 28/60] and gets obstructed by them. Once it gets obstructed there, vayu starts absorbing and emaciating the dhatu present there. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 28/61]
    This extension in the pathology of original disease gives rise to more depletion of dhatu (dhatu kshaya) and causing new symptoms or disease.
    It means that the original disease becomes more serious. If we look at these diseases like halimaka, vishama jvara etc., these all are fatal in nature, because such type of extended pathophysiology.
  2. Prolonged disease condition with extension of dosha in all over body involves all other systems in body in disease process. This makes the original disease multisystemic disorder, and this can cause critical condition of the patient.
  3. From the discussion, so far it is clear that the following things happen in all of the above mentioned diseases :
    1. Great loss of body components in a progressive way
    2. Very strong dominance of vata in pathogenesis due to dhatukshaya and avarana as well.
    3. Multi system involvement
    4. A huge fall in strength of body. (balaadhishthanam aarogyam) [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 3]

Now considering the treatment of these conditions, there needs to be a treatment that has, nourishment (brimhana), strengthening power (balya), pacifying vayu (vata shamana), anulomana and clearing the channels (srotoshodhan) property.
Yapan basti hits all these criteria to treat these ailments surely.
This clearing of channels (srotoshodhana), provides lubrication (snehana), vata anulomana, nourishment (brimhana) and strengthening power (balya). Yapan basti becomes a radical therapy there.

Things to be avoided during yapan basti therapy

Vyayama – exercise
Maithuna – sexual activities
Madya – alcoholic beverages
Madhu – honey
Shishira ambu –Intake of cold water
Rath kshobha – travelling

Current researches

Effect of yapana basti in shukragata vata

In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti and akarakarabhadi yoga was assessed in cases of shukragata vata. The patients treated with protocol of yapana basti and akarkarbhadi yoga showed considerable improvement (55.35%) in premature ejaculation.[1]

Effect of yapana basti in shukra dushti

In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed in case of shukra dushti. The patient treated with protocol of yapana basti and vajikarana yoga showed considerable improvement in semen volume (32%), sperm viability(14.6%) and sperm count(42.58%).[2]

Effect of yapana basti in pakshaghata

In clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed in case of pakshaghata. The patient treated with protocol of yapan basti and karm basti showed considerable improvement in speech (100%), facial expression (44.44%), and drooping wrist (21.42%).[3]

Effect of yapana basti in kampavata

In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed in case of kampavata. The patient treated with protocol of yapan basti showed considerable improvement in kampa (tremors) (41.17%), stambha (stiffness) (46.15%), in gati vikriti (movements) (60%), in vak vikriti (abnormal speech)(50%) and smriti (memory)(33.33%). [4]

Effect of yapana basti in katigraha

In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed to study its efficacy in katigraha (lumbago with stiffness). The patient treated with protocol of erandmuladi yapana basti and erandabeeja kshirapaka showed considerable improvement in katigraha (lumbago with stiffness) (70%), kati shula (pain in waist) (70.97%), sparsha asahatwa (tenderness) (91.11%).[5]

Effect of yapana basti in cervical spondylosis

In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed in case of cervical spondylosis. The patient treated with protocol of bruhatyadi yapan basti and patrapinda sweda showed considerable improvement in spine, like flexion (81.82%), extension (67.74%), lateral rotation (82.93%), numbness (91.30%), tingling sensation (80.95%).[6]

Effect of yapana basti in vandhyatva (infertility)

In a clinical study, the effect of yapana basti was assessed in cases of vandhyatva. The patient treated with protocol of brihtyadi yapana basti and shivalingi beej churna showed considerable improvement in effect on ovulation (80%) and follicular size.[7]

These preliminary studies show positive effects of yapana basti in various conditions. More focused research can be helpful in understanding effect of yapana basti in chronic and critical conditions.

Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.

References

  1. ↑ Mangalasseri Prakash (2002): A clinical study of shukragata-vata w.s.r. to premature ejaculation and its management with akarakarabhadi yoga and yapana basti, Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.
  2. ↑ Gupta, S.K., Prasad, N.K., Shukla, V.D., & Thakar, A. (2016). Effect of Baladi Yapana Basti and Vajikarana Yoga in the management of Oligoasthenozoospermia. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.
  3. ↑ Gajanana Kulkarni.(2007). A Comparative Study of Role Of Yapana Basti And Karma Basti In The Management Of Pakshaghata (CVA). Department of Panchakarma, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.
  4. ↑ Vinay Chaudhary. (2007) Clinical Study Of Standardization Of Yapan Basti In The Management Of Kampavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT &RA, Jamnagar.
  5. ↑ Damayanthie Fernando KP, Thakar AB, Shukla VD. Clinical efficacy of Eranda Muladi Yapana Basti in the management of Kati Graha (Lumbar spondylosis). Ayu. 2013 Jan;34(1):36-41. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.115444. PMID: 24049403; PMCID: PMC3764877
  6. ↑ Rani Sangeeta Ishwar Singh, A Randomized Clinical Trial On Brihatyadi Yapana Basti And Patra Pinda Sweda With Aaditya Paka Guggulu In The Management Of Cervical Spondylosis W.S.R. To Asthigata Vata https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=13976&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2713976det%27
  7. ↑ Balat, Gaurav et al. “Effect of Brihatyadi Yapana Basti and Shivalingi (Bryonia laciniosa Linn.) seed powder in the management of female infertility (Vandhyatva) due to anovulatory factor: An open-labelled randomized clinical trial.” Ayu vol. 40,4 (2019): 216-222. doi:10.4103/ayu.AYU_123_18 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33935438/
Retrieved from "https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Yapana_basti&oldid=44739"