Difference between revisions of "Nitya sevaniya - asevaniya dravya"
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|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | |alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | ||
|antioxidant, immuno-modulatory, hepato-protective , cyto-protective | |antioxidant, immuno-modulatory, hepato-protective , cyto-protective | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref9"></ref>,<ref name="ref10"></ref>,<ref name="ref11"></ref>,<ref name="ref12"></ref> |
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|style="text-align:center;" |2. | |style="text-align:center;" |2. | ||
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|alleviates ''Vata'', does not vitiate ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta'' | |alleviates ''Vata'', does not vitiate ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta'' | ||
|antioxidant, skin protecting activity against AGEs and UV-A, hepatoprotective, immune-modulatory, cytoprotective, embryo-protective. | |antioxidant, skin protecting activity against AGEs and UV-A, hepatoprotective, immune-modulatory, cytoprotective, embryo-protective. | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref13"></ref>,<ref name="ref14"></ref>,<ref name="ref15"></ref>,<ref name="ref16"></ref>,<ref name="ref17"></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align:center;" |4. | |style="text-align:center;" |4. | ||
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|alleviates ''Vata'' & ''Pitta'' | |alleviates ''Vata'' & ''Pitta'' | ||
|anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, gut protective | |anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, gut protective | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref18"></ref>,<ref name="ref19"></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align:center;" |5. | |style="text-align:center;" |5. | ||
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|alleviates ''Vata'' & ''Pitta'' | |alleviates ''Vata'' & ''Pitta'' | ||
|antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties, gastroprotective and adaptogenic, antimicrobial activity, immunostimulant, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. | |antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties, gastroprotective and adaptogenic, antimicrobial activity, immunostimulant, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref20"></ref>,<ref name="ref21"></ref>,<ref name="ref22"></ref>,<ref name="ref23"></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align:center;" |6. | |style="text-align:center;" |6. | ||
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|alleviates ''Vata'' & ''Pitta'' | |alleviates ''Vata'' & ''Pitta'' | ||
|anti- oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, neuro-protective, anti-microbial activity, protective to the skin and gastric, intestinal mucosa. | |anti- oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, neuro-protective, anti-microbial activity, protective to the skin and gastric, intestinal mucosa. | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref25"></ref>,<ref name="ref26"></ref>,<ref name="ref27"></ref>,<ref name="ref28"></ref>,<ref name="ref29"></ref>,<ref name="ref30"></ref>,<ref name="ref31"></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align:center;" |7. | |style="text-align:center;" |7. | ||
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|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | |alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | ||
|antioxidant, free radical scavenging property, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory | |antioxidant, free radical scavenging property, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref32"></ref>,<ref name="ref33"></ref>,<ref name="ref34"></ref>,<ref name="ref35"></ref>,<ref name="ref36"></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align:center;" |9. | |style="text-align:center;" |9. | ||
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|alleviates ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta'', partially vitiates ''Vata'' | |alleviates ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta'', partially vitiates ''Vata'' | ||
|hepatoprotective, cardio- protective, cyto-protective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties. | |hepatoprotective, cardio- protective, cyto-protective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties. | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref37"></ref>,<ref name="ref38"></ref>,<ref name="ref39"></ref>,<ref name="ref40"></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align:center;" |10. | |style="text-align:center;" |10. | ||
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|alleviates ''Vata'' & ''Pitta'' | |alleviates ''Vata'' & ''Pitta'' | ||
|antioxidant, hepato-protective, immuno-modulatory, Vaso protective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, gastroprotective and nephroprotective properties. | |antioxidant, hepato-protective, immuno-modulatory, Vaso protective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, gastroprotective and nephroprotective properties. | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref41"></ref>,<ref name="ref42"></ref>,<ref name="ref43"></ref>,<ref name="ref44"></ref>,<ref name="ref45"></ref>,<ref name="ref46"></ref>, <ref name="ref47"></ref>,<ref name="ref48"></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align:center;" |11. | |style="text-align:center;" |11. | ||
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|alleviates ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta'', partially vitiates ''Vata'' | |alleviates ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta'', partially vitiates ''Vata'' | ||
|anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-anemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-microbial | |anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-anemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-microbial | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref49"></ref>,<ref name="ref50"></ref>,<ref name="ref51"></ref>,<ref name="ref52"></ref>,<ref name="ref53"></ref> |
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align:center;" |12. | |style="text-align:center;" |12. | ||
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|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | |alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | ||
|antioxidant and anti-microbial, anti-aging, cardio-protective, hepato-protective activities | |antioxidant and anti-microbial, anti-aging, cardio-protective, hepato-protective activities | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref54"></ref>,<ref name="ref55"></ref>,<ref name="ref56"></ref>,<ref name="ref57"></ref> |
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|style="text-align:center;" |14. | |style="text-align:center;" |14. | ||
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|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | |alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | ||
|antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antitumor, cytotoxic, arsenic poisoning ameliorative, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal | |antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antitumor, cytotoxic, arsenic poisoning ameliorative, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref58"></ref> |
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|style="text-align:center;" |15. | |style="text-align:center;" |15. | ||
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|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | |alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | ||
|antioxidant, cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective. | |antioxidant, cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective. | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref59"></ref>,<ref name="ref60"></ref>,<ref name="ref61"></ref>,<ref name="ref62"></ref> |
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|style="text-align:center;" |17. | |style="text-align:center;" |17. | ||
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|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | |alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | ||
|anti-inflammatory activity, diuretic activity, anti-venom activity, hypo glycemic activity and anti-bacterial activity | |anti-inflammatory activity, diuretic activity, anti-venom activity, hypo glycemic activity and anti-bacterial activity | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref63"></ref>,<ref name="ref64"></ref>,<ref name="ref65"></ref>,<ref name="ref66"></ref>,<ref name="ref67"></ref>,<ref name="ref68"></ref>,<ref name="ref69"></ref>,<ref name="ref70"></ref> |
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|style="text-align:center;" |19. | |style="text-align:center;" |19. | ||
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|alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | |alleviates all the 3 ''Dosha'' | ||
|anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastroprotective, hepato-protective, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial , | |anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastroprotective, hepato-protective, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial , | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref71"></ref>,<ref name="ref72"></ref>,<ref name="ref73"></ref>,<ref name="ref74"></ref> |
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|style="text-align:center;" |20. | |style="text-align:center;" |20. | ||
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|alleviates ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta'' | |alleviates ''Kapha'' & ''Pitta'' | ||
|anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory | |anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory | ||
| − | | | + | |<ref name="ref75"></ref>,<ref name="ref76"></ref> |
|} | |} | ||
| − | + | <p style="text-align:justify;">Among daily consumable food items mentioned in classical Ayurvedic texts, <b>green gram</b> (<i>Mudga</i> i.e. <i>Vigna radiata</i> L.), easily available in all parts of India, has been described best in Shamidhanya i.e. pulses. It has high nutritional value. It is a good source of protein, carbohydrate, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorous, iron and vitamins like carotene, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid.<ref name="ref77"></ref> Its regular consumption can regulate enterobacterial flora of the intestine, decrease absorption of toxic substances, reduce the risk of hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease, and prevent cancer. Extracts of green gram were also found to have a potent scavenging activity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and an inhibitory effect on low-density lipoprotein oxidation.<ref name="ref78"></ref><ref name="ref79"></ref> | |
Revision as of 14:39, 24 October 2023
Nitya means regulary or daily. Sevaniya means consumable. This chapter is about daily consumable and non consumable food items as prescribed in ayurveda and their contemporary aspects.
Need of concept of ‘Nitya sevaniya’ (daily consumable) food:
Nutrition is a prerequisite for healthy life. A proper diet is essential from a very early age of life for growth, development, and active life. Nutrition is the science that deals with all the factors of which food is composed and how proper nourishment is brought about. Due to a lack of time and awareness, junk food intake has been increasing. ‘Junk foods' are foods that lack nutrients like vitamins and minerals and are high in calories, salts, sugars, and fats.[1] Junk food is so-called because it doesn’t play a role in healthy eating, especially if it's eaten excessively or frequently. An unhealthy diet is one of the leading risks for the global disease burden, mainly for noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer.[2] So, there is a need to elaborate on the concept of daily consumable and non-consumable food items.
| Section/Chapter/topic | Concepts & Contemporary practices/Nitya sevaniya and asevaniya dravya |
|---|---|
| Author | Deshmukh Saylee1 |
| Editor | Deole Y.S.3 |
| Affiliations |
1 RRAP Central Ayurveda Research Institute, CCRAS, Worli, Mumbai, India 2 Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. 3 Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India |
| Correspondence emails |
dsaylee@ymail.com, carakasamhita@gmail.com |
| Publisher | Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre, I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India |
| Date of publication: | September 27, 2023 |
| DOI | 10.47468/CSNE.2023.e01.s09.153 |
Etymology and meaning
Wholesome called “Pathya” in Ayurveda is the regimen that does not adversely affect the body channels i.e., Patha/Srotasa. The word “Nitya” means constantly/continuously. Criteria for the classification of food items have not been clearly mentioned in the texts of Ayurveda but in context of vitiation of body channels (srotodushti), Acharya Charaka has stated that food and regimens that promote the morbidity by aggravation of doshas and go contrary to the well-being of dhatu vitiates the channels. With the help of this quotation, it can be said that the food that leads to vitiation of body channels by vitiation of dosha and dhatu can be considered as daily non-consumable (nitya asevaniya). On the contrary, it can be said that a diet that does not lead to any srotodushti by vitiation of any dosha and dhatu can be said as daily consumable (nitya sevaniya), maintaining equilibrium of all the dosha.
Daily consumable and daily non-consumable food items have been quoted in ‘Matrashitiya Adhyaya’ of Charaksamhita and Ashtangahrudaya, ‘Annapanavidhi adhyaya’ of Ashtanga Samgraha and Viharavarga of Kaiyyadevanighantu. In a similar context, Ekanta hitakara (solely wholesome) and Ekanta ahitakara (solely unwholesome) food etc. have also been described at various places in the texts of Ayurveda. Nitya sevaniya and Ekanta hitakara dravya have been stated for daily intake for maintenance of health because of their specific properties described in the texts of Ayurveda, while Nitya asevaniya and Ekanta ahitakara dravya are prohibited for regular/long time use because of their harmful effects on body.
Daily consumable food items
List of daily consumable food items described in Charak Samhita, Ashtanga hridaya, Ashtanga samgraha and Kaiyyadeva Nighantu is as follows:
|
Ch.Su.5/12 A.Sa.Su.10/45, A.Hr.Su.8/42, Kai.Ni.7/277 |
|
A.Sa.Su.10/45, A.Hr.Su.8/42, Kai.Ni.7/277 |
|
A.Sa.Su.10/45, A.Hr.Su.8/42, |
Properties of daily consumable food items from different classics and contemporary sciences are summarized in Table-2.
| SN | Items | Taste | Post digestive effect | Potency |
Prop erties |
Effect on Dosha |
Pharmacological properties |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Indian gooseberry | sour, sweet, bitter, astringent, pungent | Sweet | cold | dry | alleviates all the 3 Dosha | antioxidant, immuno-modulatory, hepato-protective , cyto-protective | [3],[4],[5],[6] |
| 2. | Rainwater | Unmanifested | - | cold | - | alleviates all the 3 Dosha, purifies blood | - | |
| 3. | Pomegranate | Sour, astringent, sweet | sweet | cold | - | alleviates Vata, does not vitiate Kapha & Pitta | antioxidant, skin protecting activity against AGEs and UV-A, hepatoprotective, immune-modulatory, cytoprotective, embryo-protective. | [7],[8],[9],[10],[11] |
| 4. | Cow’s milk | sweet | Sweet | cold | - | alleviates Vata & Pitta | anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, gut protective | [12],[13] |
| 5. | Cow’s ghee | sweet | Sweet | cold | - | alleviates Vata & Pitta | antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties, gastroprotective and adaptogenic, antimicrobial activity, immunostimulant, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. | [14],[15],[16],[17] |
| 6. | Wheat | sweet | Sweet | cold | Heavy, unctuous | alleviates Vata & Pitta | anti- oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, neuro-protective, anti-microbial activity, protective to the skin and gastric, intestinal mucosa. | [18],[19],[20],[21],[22],[23],[24] |
| 7. | Meat of arid animal | astringent, sweet | - | cold | - | alleviates all the 3 Dosha, at some extent causing fluid secretion | - | |
| 8. | Leptadenia reticulata Retz./ Holostemma adakodien schultes | sweet | Sweet | cold | - | alleviates all the 3 Dosha | antioxidant, free radical scavenging property, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory | [25],[26],[27],[28],[29] |
| 9. | Honey | astringent, sweet | Pungent | cold | - | alleviates Kapha & Pitta, partially vitiates Vata | hepatoprotective, cardio- protective, cyto-protective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties. | [30],[31],[32],[33] |
| 10. | Dry grapes | sweet | Sweet | cold | - | alleviates Vata & Pitta | antioxidant, hepato-protective, immuno-modulatory, Vaso protective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, gastroprotective and nephroprotective properties. | [34],[35],[36],[37],[38],[39], [40],[41] |
| 11. | Green gram | astringent, sweet | Pungent | cold | Laghu, Vishada | alleviates Kapha & Pitta, partially vitiates Vata | anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-anemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-microbial | [42],[43],[44],[45],[46] |
| 12. | Unripen radish | pungent, bitter | - | hot | - | alleviates all the 3 Dosha | - | - |
| 13. | Chebulic myrobalan | Astringent, pungent, bitter, Madhura sweet, sour | sweet | hot | - | alleviates all the 3 Dosha | antioxidant and anti-microbial, anti-aging, cardio-protective, hepato-protective activities | [47],[48],[49],[50] |
| 14. | Pointed gourd | bitter, pungent | Sweet | hot | - | alleviates all the 3 Dosha | antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antitumor, cytotoxic, arsenic poisoning ameliorative, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal | [51] |
| 15. | Rock salt | salty, sweet | Sweet | cold | - | alleviates all the 3 Dosha | - | - |
| 16. | Red rice | sweet, astringent | Sweet | cold | - | alleviates all the 3 Dosha | antioxidant, cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective. | [52],[53],[54],[55] |
| 17. | Rock sugar | sweet | Sweet | cold | - | alleviates Pitta | - | - |
| 18. | Clover fern | sweet, astringent | - | cold | - | alleviates all the 3 Dosha | anti-inflammatory activity, diuretic activity, anti-venom activity, hypo glycemic activity and anti-bacterial activity | [56],[57],[58],[59],[60],[61],[62],[63] |
| 19. | White goosefoot/ pigweed | sweet | Pungent | cold | - | alleviates all the 3 Dosha | anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastroprotective, hepato-protective, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial , | [64],[65],[66],[67] |
| 20. | Hordeum vulgare L. | sweet, astringent | Pungent | cold | - | alleviates Kapha & Pitta | anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory | [68],[69] |
Among daily consumable food items mentioned in classical Ayurvedic texts, green gram (Mudga i.e. Vigna radiata L.), easily available in all parts of India, has been described best in Shamidhanya i.e. pulses. It has high nutritional value. It is a good source of protein, carbohydrate, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorous, iron and vitamins like carotene, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid.[70] Its regular consumption can regulate enterobacterial flora of the intestine, decrease absorption of toxic substances, reduce the risk of hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease, and prevent cancer. Extracts of green gram were also found to have a potent scavenging activity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and an inhibitory effect on low-density lipoprotein oxidation.[71][72] Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.
References
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