Dhumapana

The word ‘dhuma’ (also spelled as dhooma) means smoke and ‘pana’ means to consume. Thus, the word ‘dhumapana’ means taking smoke inside. In ancient times, dhumapana was a part of daily regimen (dinacharya); wherein a specific procedure is adopted for the smoke inhalation through nose and exhaled through mouth, with help of a medicated wick (varti) containing herbs. However, currently this practice has been limited as an ayurveda treatment procedure in management of certain conditions. Ayurvedic dhumapana is generally misunderstood with the dhumrapana, the basic difference between both is that in Ayurvedic dhumapana, smoke inhalation of medicated herbs is done via nose and exhalation from mouth. While dhumrapana is mainly via mouth and exhalation through nosemouth or both as hukkah, bidi, cigarette, cigar etc.. This smoke inhalation is injurious to health and can lead to eye disorders, respiratory diseases and other complications. Dhumapana (medicated smoking) can be used for prevention and treatment of the diseases in upper clavicular region (urdhvajatrugataroga). This chapter deals with the description of dhumapana.

Contributors

Section/Chapter/topic	Concepts& Practices /Dhumapana
Authors	Bhojani M. K. 1, Jain Rahul1, Deole Y.S.2
Reviewer & Editor	Basisht G.3
Affiliations	1 Department of Sharir Kriya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India 2 Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 3 Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
Correspondence emails	meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in, carakasamhita@gmail.com
Publisher	Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre, I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
Date of publication:	June 16, 2023
DOI	10.47468/CSNE.2023.e01.s09.141

Etymology

Dhumpapana word is made up of two words- “dhuma” means smoke and “Pana” means to consume (drink or inhale). So, dhumapanameans inhalation of medicated dhumafor treatment as well as prevention of different diseases.

Synonyms

• Dhumra

Types of dhumapana

Acharya Charak [Ch.Sa.SutraSthana, 5/58]	Acharya Sushrut [Su.Sa.ChikitsaSthana40/4]	Acharya Vagbhat [A.Hri. SutraSthana 21/2]	Acharya Sharangdhara [A.Sa. Sutra Sthana,30]
Prayogika or shamana (for preventing/pacifying diseases) Vairechanika (purgative/ cleansing) Snaihika (lubricating)	Prayogika or Shamana (for preventing diseases) Vairechanika (purgative) Snaihika (lubricating) Kashaghna (antitussive) Vamaniya (vomit inducing)	Snigdhadhuma (lubricating passages) Madhyamadhuma (Medium) TikshnaDhuma (Strong or Purifying)	Shamanadhuma (balancing) Brimhanadhuma (nourishing) Rechanadhuma (Purgative) Kasahara dhuma (Antitussive) Vamana dhuma (Vomit inducing)

1. Prayorika or shamanadhumapana (preventing or pacifying diseases)
   Prayogikadhumapana is advised for healthy individuals for preservation of health and prevention of vata-kapha dominant diseases in supraclavicular region.
2. Snaihikadhumapana (lubricating)
   Snaihikadhumapana is done with unctuous substance and intended for oleation purpose.
3. Vairechanikadhumapana (cleansing)
   Vairechanikadhumapanais done with substance having cleansing properties with an intention to remove the aggravated dosha in supraclavicular region.

Time and frequency

Prayogika	Snaihika	Vairechaanika
Two times a day	Once a day till lacrimation in eyes starts	Three to four times per day
Acc. to acharya Charak, there are eightspecific times when it can be done [Ch.Sa.SutraSthana5/58] 1.   Snatva (After bathing) 2.   Bhuktva (After eating) 3.     Samulikhya (After vomiting) 4.     Kshutva (After sneezing) 5.     Dantanighrishya (After brushing teeth) 6.     Navanante (After nasya) 7.     Anjanante (After applying anjana) 8.     Nidrante (After waking up) Acc. To Acharya Sushrut four specific times to do[Su.Sa. ChikitsaSthana 40/13] 1.     After brushing teeth 2.     After bathing 3.     After consuming food 4.     After any surgical procedure	Acc. to acharya Sushrut [Su.Sa.ChikitsaSthana, 40/13] 1.     After evacuation of urine and faeces 2.     After sneezing 3.     After laughing 4.     After coitus 5.     After anger	Acc. to acharya Sushrut [Su.Sa.ChikitsaSthana, 40/13] 1.     After bathing 2.     After day sleep (divashayan) 3.     After vomiting

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