Difference between revisions of "Vyayama"
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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Vyayama is a desirable health behavior for primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention. Lack of vyayama is the major reason for lifestyle disorders/ non-communicable diseases and also paves way to the infectious diseases by hampering the immune power. <br/>Vyayama includes all the exertional activities, which impart stretching of different body parts [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-11/11- Dalhana commentary]. Vyayama, is the best tool for improving firmness/ fitness [A.S.Sutra Sthana-13/2; Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-25/40], and is reflected as the ultimate for stability [A.H.Uttara Sthana-40/55]. In fact, it is the best way to get rid of obesity.<ref name="ref1">Rajavallabha Nighantu; Chapter 2; sloka 12; NIIMH-National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage. e-Samhita [Internet]. Available from: http://niimh.nic.in.</ref> <br/>However, vyayama endorses only the physical activities; thereby excluding mental and verbal exertion in this domain. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-7/31 Chakrapani]. Therefore, vyayama plays a vital role in preservation of health and management of disease.</div> | <div style='text-align:justify;'>Vyayama is a desirable health behavior for primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention. Lack of vyayama is the major reason for lifestyle disorders/ non-communicable diseases and also paves way to the infectious diseases by hampering the immune power. <br/>Vyayama includes all the exertional activities, which impart stretching of different body parts [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-11/11- Dalhana commentary]. Vyayama, is the best tool for improving firmness/ fitness [A.S.Sutra Sthana-13/2; Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-25/40], and is reflected as the ultimate for stability [A.H.Uttara Sthana-40/55]. In fact, it is the best way to get rid of obesity.<ref name="ref1">Rajavallabha Nighantu; Chapter 2; sloka 12; NIIMH-National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage. e-Samhita [Internet]. Available from: http://niimh.nic.in.</ref> <br/>However, vyayama endorses only the physical activities; thereby excluding mental and verbal exertion in this domain. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-7/31 Chakrapani]. Therefore, vyayama plays a vital role in preservation of health and management of disease.</div> | ||
| + | == Etymology and derivation == | ||
| + | <div style='text-align:justify;'>The nirukti (origin) of the term vyayama is Vi + Aa + Yam+ Ghan (वि+आ+यम+घञ् | पौरुषः) [Shabdakalpadrumam]. It means specific stretching.</div> | ||
| + | == Types == | ||
| + | <div style='text-align:justify;'>Sushruta categorizes vyayama as physical (sharira), verbal (vak), and mental (manas). Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana- 35/40 Dalhana]. </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Features of optimal vyayama == | ||
| + | <div style='text-align:justify;'>Profuse sweating, increased respiration, feeling lightness of body and tightness in cardiac region are signs of optimal vyayama. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-7/32-33] <br/>Vyayama is one among the best practices for preservation of health (ekanta pathyatama). [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana-20/6] For a healthy person, right amount of vyayama at right time is wholesome. [Dalhana on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/6] <br/>Extent of exercise is determined by one’s own capacity. One should stop exercise before getting tired. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-8/18] Strong persons, and those habituated to fat rich diet can daily practice vyayama up to half of their capacity in cold seasons like hemanta & shishira (winter), and in vasanta ritu (spring). During rest of the seasons, vyayama can be executed with mild to moderate strength. [A.H.Sutra Sthana-2/11-12] [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-24/45-46] <br/>Vyayama shakti or strength of performing physical exercise is an important patient examination tool in Ayurveda. [Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/94] A healthy individual can withstand exercise or any physical activity [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-21/18]. Whereas, lean or emaciated person is deprived of the ability to perform exercise [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-21/13]. </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Amount of vyayama == | ||
| + | <div style='text-align:justify;'>One should practice vyayama at half his/her capacity (ardhashakti) which is denoted by sweating of axillae, temples, nose, joints coupled with dry mouth.<ref name="ref2">Kaiyadeva Nighantu; Chapter 8; sloka 153; NIIMH-National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage. e-Samhita [Internet]. Available from: http://niimh.nic.in.</ref> Other sign of ardhashakti vyayama is dislodgement of vata located in chest region to mouth. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/47] </div> | ||
Revision as of 13:01, 3 January 2023
The Sanskrit word vyayama means specific activity. Generally, it denotes physical exercise which impart strength and firmness. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana-7/31] Vyayama is benificial to healthy and unhealthy individuals, with an added clause of due caution and supervision. Vyayama in healthy people improves and maintains health: whereas, it is preventive as well as therapeutic tool for various diseases (e.g.: lifestyle disorders, joint dislocation etc.). In fact, vyayama is a cost-effective means for a disease-free generation. This chapter describes concept of vyayama and its application in healthcare management.
| Section/Chapter/topic | Concepts/Vyayama |
|---|---|
| Authors |
Anupama Krishnan1, Blessymol EV 2 |
| Reviewer | Basisht G.3 |
| Editor | Deole Y.S.4 |
| Affiliations |
1Associate Professor, Department of Swasthavritta, VPSV Ayurveda College, Kottakkal, Kerala, India 2Medical Content Writer,Smriti Meditation Practioner 3 Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. 4 Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India |
| Correspondence emails |
dr.anupamakrishnan@gmail.com, carakasamhita@gmail.com |
| Publisher | Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre, I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India |
| Date of publication: | January 05, 2023 |
| DOI | 10.47468/CSNE.2023.e01.s09.126 |
Importance
Vyayama is a desirable health behavior for primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention. Lack of vyayama is the major reason for lifestyle disorders/ non-communicable diseases and also paves way to the infectious diseases by hampering the immune power.
Vyayama includes all the exertional activities, which impart stretching of different body parts [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-11/11- Dalhana commentary]. Vyayama, is the best tool for improving firmness/ fitness [A.S.Sutra Sthana-13/2; Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-25/40], and is reflected as the ultimate for stability [A.H.Uttara Sthana-40/55]. In fact, it is the best way to get rid of obesity.[1]
However, vyayama endorses only the physical activities; thereby excluding mental and verbal exertion in this domain. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-7/31 Chakrapani]. Therefore, vyayama plays a vital role in preservation of health and management of disease.
Vyayama includes all the exertional activities, which impart stretching of different body parts [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-11/11- Dalhana commentary]. Vyayama, is the best tool for improving firmness/ fitness [A.S.Sutra Sthana-13/2; Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-25/40], and is reflected as the ultimate for stability [A.H.Uttara Sthana-40/55]. In fact, it is the best way to get rid of obesity.[1]
However, vyayama endorses only the physical activities; thereby excluding mental and verbal exertion in this domain. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-7/31 Chakrapani]. Therefore, vyayama plays a vital role in preservation of health and management of disease.
Etymology and derivation
The nirukti (origin) of the term vyayama is Vi + Aa + Yam+ Ghan (वि+आ+यम+घञ् | पौरुषः) [Shabdakalpadrumam]. It means specific stretching.
Types
Sushruta categorizes vyayama as physical (sharira), verbal (vak), and mental (manas). Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana- 35/40 Dalhana].
Features of optimal vyayama
Profuse sweating, increased respiration, feeling lightness of body and tightness in cardiac region are signs of optimal vyayama. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-7/32-33]
Vyayama is one among the best practices for preservation of health (ekanta pathyatama). [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana-20/6] For a healthy person, right amount of vyayama at right time is wholesome. [Dalhana on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/6]
Extent of exercise is determined by one’s own capacity. One should stop exercise before getting tired. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-8/18] Strong persons, and those habituated to fat rich diet can daily practice vyayama up to half of their capacity in cold seasons like hemanta & shishira (winter), and in vasanta ritu (spring). During rest of the seasons, vyayama can be executed with mild to moderate strength. [A.H.Sutra Sthana-2/11-12] [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-24/45-46]
Vyayama shakti or strength of performing physical exercise is an important patient examination tool in Ayurveda. [Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/94] A healthy individual can withstand exercise or any physical activity [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-21/18]. Whereas, lean or emaciated person is deprived of the ability to perform exercise [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-21/13].
Vyayama is one among the best practices for preservation of health (ekanta pathyatama). [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana-20/6] For a healthy person, right amount of vyayama at right time is wholesome. [Dalhana on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/6]
Extent of exercise is determined by one’s own capacity. One should stop exercise before getting tired. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-8/18] Strong persons, and those habituated to fat rich diet can daily practice vyayama up to half of their capacity in cold seasons like hemanta & shishira (winter), and in vasanta ritu (spring). During rest of the seasons, vyayama can be executed with mild to moderate strength. [A.H.Sutra Sthana-2/11-12] [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana-24/45-46]
Vyayama shakti or strength of performing physical exercise is an important patient examination tool in Ayurveda. [Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/94] A healthy individual can withstand exercise or any physical activity [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-21/18]. Whereas, lean or emaciated person is deprived of the ability to perform exercise [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana-21/13].
Amount of vyayama
One should practice vyayama at half his/her capacity (ardhashakti) which is denoted by sweating of axillae, temples, nose, joints coupled with dry mouth.[2] Other sign of ardhashakti vyayama is dislodgement of vata located in chest region to mouth. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/47]
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References
- ↑ Rajavallabha Nighantu; Chapter 2; sloka 12; NIIMH-National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage. e-Samhita [Internet]. Available from: http://niimh.nic.in.
- ↑ Kaiyadeva Nighantu; Chapter 8; sloka 153; NIIMH-National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage. e-Samhita [Internet]. Available from: http://niimh.nic.in.