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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<div style="text-align:justify;">This comprehensive and detailed chapter deals with assessment criteria of standard quality treatise, the teacher and the disciple, the means for receiving the knowledge from the treatise, method of discussion and its types- friendly or hostile, result of discussion, worth considering or worth discarding. It describes examination of ten entities to understand the state of health of the patient before starting the treatment. For providing treatment, physician should consider the strength of patient, severity of disease, prakriti (constitution), vikriti (nature of abnormalities), potency of drugs, season for purification therapy, and the status of the patients in context to use of drugs. Thus, this chapter gives a glimpse of how advanced the medical education in India was over two thousand years ago and how well the phenomenon of health was understood and managed. </div>

<div style="text-align:justify;">This comprehensive and detailed chapter deals with assessment criteria of standard quality treatise, the teacher and the disciple, the means for receiving the knowledge from the treatise, method of discussion and its types- friendly or hostile, result of discussion, worth considering or worth discarding. It describes examination of ten entities to understand the state of health of the patient before starting the treatment. For providing treatment, physician should consider the strength of patient, severity of disease, [[Prakriti]] (constitution), vikriti (nature of abnormalities), potency of drugs, season for purification therapy, and the status of the patients in context to use of drugs. Thus, this chapter gives a glimpse of how advanced the medical education in India was over two thousand years ago and how well the phenomenon of health was understood and managed. </div>

'''Keywords''': Preceptor, student, teaching methodology, learning methods, discussion techniques, examination techniques of patient, ''prakriti'', ''sara'', purification therapies, pharmacovigilance.

'''Keywords''': Preceptor, student, teaching methodology, learning methods, discussion techniques, examination techniques of patient, [[Prakriti]], ''sara'', purification therapies, pharmacovigilance.

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Similarly, for the physician to improve his medical knowledge ''karana'', (reasoning/doer) ''karana'' (knowledge of means), ''karyayoni'' (objective), ''karya'' (action), ''karyaphala'' (attainment of objective and happiness), ''anubandha'' (after effect), ''desha'' (habitat/patient), ''kala'' (year and phase of disease), ''pravritti'' (initiation of therapy) and ''upaya'' (proper management) are necessary.

Similarly, for the physician to improve his medical knowledge ''karana'', (reasoning/doer) ''karana'' (knowledge of means), ''karyayoni'' (objective), ''karya'' (action), ''karyaphala'' (attainment of objective and happiness), ''anubandha'' (after effect), ''desha'' (habitat/patient), ''kala'' (year and phase of disease), ''pravritti'' (initiation of therapy) and ''upaya'' (proper management) are necessary.

Complete knowledge of patient’s condition is required before starting the treatment, which is done by tenfold examination. The specific investigations to be considered are ''desha'' (place-habitat and patient’s body), ''prakṛiti'' and ''vikriti'' according to ''dosha'', ''sara'' (essence of body tissues), compactness, structure and body mass, measurement of body parts, specific suitability of a person, ''sattva'' (mental status), power of digestion and assimilation, exercise endurance and age.  

Complete knowledge of patient’s condition is required before starting the treatment, which is done by tenfold examination. The specific investigations to be considered are ''desha'' (place-habitat and patient’s body), [[prakṛiti]] and ''vikriti'' according to [[dosha]], ''sara'' (essence of body tissues), compactness, structure and body mass, measurement of body parts, specific suitability of a person, ''sattva'' (mental status), power of digestion and assimilation, exercise endurance and age.  

Seven types of ''prakriti'' and their features are explained to understand normal state of body, whereas the pathological condition is termed as ''vikriti''. These factors help the physician to classify the strength of the patient into three categories viz. superior (''pravar''), medium (''madhya'') and inferior (''avar''). It is on this basis that physician decides to give strong (''tikshna''), mild (''mridu'') and moderate (''madhya'') medicaments. The appropriate time for purification therapies is explained with reasoning. Similarly, medicine should be given at appropriate time to the patient (''kala'') and when not to be given (''akala''). Lastly initiation of therapy (''pravritti'') and excellance of physician etc. ''chatuspada'' (''upaya'') have been explained.

Seven types of [[Prakriti]] and their features are explained to understand normal state of body, whereas the pathological condition is termed as ''vikriti''. These factors help the physician to classify the strength of the patient into three categories viz. superior (''pravar''), medium (''madhya'') and inferior (''avar''). It is on this basis that physician decides to give strong (''tikshna''), mild (''mridu'') and moderate (''madhya'') medicaments. The appropriate time for purification therapies is explained with reasoning. Similarly, medicine should be given at appropriate time to the patient (''kala'') and when not to be given (''akala''). Lastly initiation of therapy (''pravritti'') and excellance of physician etc. ''chatuspada'' (''upaya'') have been explained.

All the above ten examinations help in deciding the actual and specific treatment like ''vamana, virechana, asthapana, anuvasana'' and ''shirovirechana''. Therefore, in the concluding part of the chapter drugs useful for ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' have been enlisted. In case of ''asthapana'' as per the condition of patient and disease the drug classification can be innumerable therefore to prevent the ''ativistara'' (prolonged deliberation/expansion). Drugs are classified on the basis of ''rasa'' into six groups for example ''madhura rasa'' drugs having ''madhura vipaka'' and ''madhur prabhava'' are classified into ''madhur skanda'' so is the case with other five ''rasa''. The physician has been given freedom to permutate and combine drugs as per requirement in patient and its availability.

All the above ten examinations help in deciding the actual and specific treatment like [[vamana]], [[virechana]], asthapana, anuvasana'' and ''shirovirechana''. Therefore, in the concluding part of the chapter drugs useful for [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] have been enlisted. In case of ''asthapana'' as per the condition of patient and disease the drug classification can be innumerable therefore to prevent the ''ativistara'' (prolonged deliberation/expansion). Drugs are classified on the basis of ''rasa'' into six groups for example ''madhura rasa'' drugs having ''madhura vipaka'' and ''madhur prabhava'' are classified into ''madhur skanda'' so is the case with other five ''rasa''. The physician has been given freedom to permutate and combine drugs as per requirement in patient and its availability.

The same ''asthapana gana'' (group of drugs for non-unctuous enema) can be fortified with specific ''sneha'' as per ''dosha'' and be administered as ''anuvasana''. ''Taila'' for ''vata, vasa'' and ''majja'' for ''kapha'' and ''ghrita'' for ''pitta''. Lastly drugs useful in ''shirovirechana'' have been explained along with the part of the plant (flower, fruit, bark etc.) to be used.  

The same ''asthapana gana'' (group of drugs for non-unctuous enema) can be fortified with specific ''sneha'' as per [[dosha]] and be administered as ''anuvasana''. ''Taila'' for ''vata, vasa'' and ''majja'' for ''kapha'' and ''ghrita'' for ''pitta''. Lastly drugs useful in ''shirovirechana'' have been explained along with the part of the plant (flower, fruit, bark etc.) to be used.  

For the purpose of accurate diagnosis and treatment one must have complete knowledge for which this chapter is designed.

For the purpose of accurate diagnosis and treatment one must have complete knowledge for which this chapter is designed.