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=== Definition of apasmara ===

=== Definition of apasmara ===

apasmara is defined as the occasional loss of consciousness due to deterioration of ''smriti'' (memory), ''buddhi'' (intellect) and ''sattva'' (mind), characterized by ''tamahpravesha'' (entering darkness/ blackouts) and ''bibhatsa cheshta'' (abnormal movements).  

apasmara is defined as the occasional loss of consciousness due to deterioration of ''[[smriti]]'' (memory), ''[[buddhi]]'' (intellect) and ''sattva'' (mind), characterized by ''tamahpravesha'' (entering darkness/ blackouts) and ''bibhatsa cheshta'' (abnormal movements).  

As explained by Sushruta, ''smriti'' in context of apasmara is ''bhutarha vijnana'' i.e. orientation of external world and consciousness. ''Dhi-buddhi'' (intellect) is ''karya-akarya vibhaga karini'' i.e. discriminating power between right and wrong. ''Sattva'' is referred as ''mana'' (mind) and ''dhairya'' (temperance, patience). A patient of apasmara suffers from deterioration of all these three important mental faculties (''dhi, buddhi'' and ''smriti'').  

As explained by Sushruta, ''[[smriti]]'' in context of apasmara is ''bhutarha vijnana'' i.e. orientation of external world and consciousness. ''Dhi-buddhi'' (intellect) is ''karya-akarya vibhaga karini'' i.e. discriminating power between right and wrong. ''Sattva'' is referred as ''[[manas]]'' (mind) and ''dhairya'' (temperance, patience). A patient of apasmara suffers from deterioration of all these three important mental faculties (''dhi, [[buddhi]]'' and ''[[smriti]]'').  

The first cardinal sign of this deterioration is ''tamapravesha'' , i.e., ''jnana abhava'' or loss of knowledge and the ability to acquire new knowledge. The second cardinal sign,  ''bibhatsa cheshta'',  indicates involuntary movements of body due to lack of brain’s control or improper coordination.  Sushruta narrated that due to these features of apasmara, the disease often leads to death (''antakrita''). Dallhana comments that the dreadfulness of this disease is due to the fact that an afflicted person may fall into water or fire due to lack of orientation.  

The first cardinal sign of this deterioration is ''tamapravesha'' , i.e., ''jnana abhava'' or loss of knowledge and the ability to acquire new knowledge. The second cardinal sign,  ''bibhatsa cheshta'',  indicates involuntary movements of body due to lack of brain’s control or improper coordination.  Sushruta narrated that due to these features of apasmara, the disease often leads to death (''antakrita''). Dallhana comments that the dreadfulness of this disease is due to the fact that an afflicted person may fall into water or fire due to lack of orientation.

=== Impairment of knowledge and coordination ===

=== Impairment of knowledge and coordination ===