Changes

# Depletion of quality and quantity (Oja kshaya)

# Depletion of quality and quantity (Oja kshaya)

The three stages are increasingly severe and harmful leading to death. These three states are considered as three categories of immune disorders viz. Oja-vyapat as immune-aberrations and allergies; Oja-visramsa as a state of dislodged immunity and autoimmune disorders; and Oja-kshaya as a state of immunodeficiency.<ref>Singh R.H. Vidhi vimarsha of Shosha Nidana of Charak Samhita. Available from http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Shosha_Nidana#Ojas_.28vital_essence_of_the_body.29 accessed on 27/07/2020</ref> Some scholars opine that these states show features of immunity compromised state, immunity suppressed and immunity deficiency syndromes respectively.<ref>Shilwant A. Immunology: An Ayurvedic Aspect with reference to Oja and Vyadhiskamatva. Int J Ayu Pharm Chem. 2019; 10(3):295-306 Available from - http://ijapc.com/volume10-third-issue/MNAPC-V10-I3-42-p-295-306.pdf accessed on 28/07/2020</ref>

The three stages are increasingly severe and harmful leading to death. These three states are considered as three categories of immune disorders viz. Oja-vyapat as immune-aberrations and allergies; Oja-visramsa as a state of dislodged immunity and autoimmune disorders; and Oja-kshaya as a state of immunodeficiency.<ref>Singh R.H. Vidhi vimarsha of Shosha Nidana of Charak Samhita. Available from http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Shosha_Nidana#Ojas_.28vital_essence_of_the_body.29 accessed on 27/07/2020</ref> Some scholars opine that these states show features of immunity compromised state, immunity suppressed and immunity deficiency syndromes respectively.<ref>Shilwant A. Immunology: An Ayurvedic Aspect with reference to Oja and Vyadhiskamatva. Int J Ayu Pharm Chem. 2019; 10(3):295-306 Available from - http://ijapc.com/volume10-third-issue/MNAPC-V10-I3-42-p-295-306.pdf accessed on 28/07/2020</ref>

The signs and symptoms of each state are shown below in table 2.

The signs and symptoms of each state are shown below in table 2.

=== Role of Oja as a vitiated factor in diseases ===

=== Role of Oja as a vitiated factor in diseases ===

* In obstinate urinary diseases (prameha vyadhi), oja is one among the ten vitiated factors(dushya). [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/8] Type-1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder and the destruction of body tissues by auto-antibody is very fast causing loss of immune- intolerance and immune-component (Oja) thus impairing the body defense mechanism. There is a disturbance in the production and clearance of lipoprotein causing hampered functioning of insulin resulting in hyperglycemia and producing micro-vascular complications like retinopathy and nephropathy.<ref>Chandola H.M. Kajaria D. Vidhi vimarsha of Mahachatushpada Adhyaya of Charak Samhita. Available from http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Mahachatushpada_Adhyaya accessed on 27/07/2020</ref>  

* In obstinate urinary diseases (prameha vyadhi), oja is one among the ten vitiated factors(dushya). [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/8] Type-1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder and the destruction of body tissues by auto-antibody is very fast causing loss of immune- intolerance and immune-component (Oja) thus impairing the body defense mechanism. There is a disturbance in the production and clearance of lipoprotein causing hampered functioning of insulin resulting in hyperglycemia and producing micro-vascular complications like retinopathy and nephropathy.<ref>Chandola H.M. Kajaria D. Vidhi vimarsha of Mahachatushpada Adhyaya of Charak Samhita. Available from http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Mahachatushpada_Adhyaya accessed on 27/07/2020</ref>  

* Diabetes (madhumeha) is caused when Oja is taken to the urinary bladder from its own site by vitiated vata dosha. [Cha. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 4/37] This condition is incurable due to its severity, susceptibility to complications(mahaatyayitvat) and contradictory treatment options(virudhopkramatvat). [Cha. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 6/38]

* Diabetes (madhumeha) is caused when Oja is taken to the urinary bladder from its own site by vitiated vata dosha. [Cha. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 4/37] This condition is incurable due to its severity, susceptibility to complications(mahaatyayitvat) and contradictory treatment options(virudhopkramatvat). [Cha. Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 6/38]

* Depletion of Oja (kshaya) is observed due to obstruction of samana vata by vitiated vyana vata. The other features are syncope (murchcha), drowsiness(tandra), delirium(pralap), body ache( angasada), depletion of digestive functions, and strength (agni and oja kshaya). This condition is treated with exercise (vyayama) and light to digest diet (laghu bhojana). [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/213]  

* Depletion of Oja (kshaya) is observed due to obstruction of samana vata by vitiated vyana vata. The other features are syncope (murchcha), drowsiness(tandra), delirium(pralap), body ache( angasada), depletion of digestive functions, and strength (agni and oja kshaya). This condition is treated with exercise (vyayama) and light to digest diet (laghu bhojana). [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/213]  

The disorders of Oja are treated with the herbs with immunomodulatory activity like Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Shilajatu, Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Tulasi (Ocimun sanctum), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Pippali (Piper longum), and Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa).<ref> Tripathi J.S., Singh R.H. The concept and practice of immunomodulation in ayurveda and the role of rasayanas as immunomodulators. Anc Sci Life. 1999;19:59–63.</ref> The rejuvenation potency of herbs is studied in view of free radical scavenging activity as anti-oxidant. The herbs like Rubia cordifolia, Strychnos nuxvomica, Moringa oleifera, Semecarpus anacardium, Mucuna pruriens, Bacopa monnieri, Nardostachys jatamansi showed good efficacy as anti-oxidants.<ref>Tripathi YB. Free radicals in ayurveda. Anc Sci Life. 1998;17(3):158-168.</ref> Hence, these herbs are used in the treatment of disorders of Oja. A research study on the effect of Terminalia arjuna on Oja kshaya showed cardioprotective herbs (hridya) medicines might have an effect on enhancing Oja. Lifestyle also plays a significant role in the conditions of Oja.<ref>Santosh Mane (2004).Study on Sangraha Dwaya of Charaka and assessment of the effect of Hridya Aushadhi on Oja-Kshaya. M.D. Thesis. I.P.G.T.R.A., Jamnagar</ref>

The disorders of Oja are treated with the herbs with immunomodulatory activity like Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Shilajatu, Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Tulasi (Ocimun sanctum), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Pippali (Piper longum), and Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa).<ref> Tripathi J.S., Singh R.H. The concept and practice of immunomodulation in ayurveda and the role of rasayanas as immunomodulators. Anc Sci Life. 1999;19:59–63.</ref> The rejuvenation potency of herbs is studied in view of free radical scavenging activity as anti-oxidant. The herbs like Rubia cordifolia, Strychnos nuxvomica, Moringa oleifera, Semecarpus anacardium, Mucuna pruriens, Bacopa monnieri, Nardostachys jatamansi showed good efficacy as anti-oxidants.<ref>Tripathi YB. Free radicals in ayurveda. Anc Sci Life. 1998;17(3):158-168.</ref> Hence, these herbs are used in the treatment of disorders of Oja. A research study on the effect of Terminalia arjuna on Oja kshaya showed cardioprotective herbs (hridya) medicines might have an effect on enhancing Oja. Lifestyle also plays a significant role in the conditions of Oja.<ref>Santosh Mane (2004).Study on Sangraha Dwaya of Charaka and assessment of the effect of Hridya Aushadhi on Oja-Kshaya. M.D. Thesis. I.P.G.T.R.A., Jamnagar</ref>

Good conduct with rejuvenating effect (achara rasayana) or ideal behaviour therapy also possesses an effect on the preservation and enhancement of Oja. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/4/30-35]<ref>Singh R.H. Vidhi Vimarsha of Rasayana Chikitsa Chapter available from http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Rasayana_Chikitsa#Achara_Rasayana_.28rasayana_effects_of_good_conduct.29 accessed on 28/07/2020</ref>

Good conduct with rejuvenating effect (achara rasayana) or ideal behaviour therapy also possesses an effect on the preservation and enhancement of Oja. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/4/30-35]<ref>Singh R.H. Vidhi Vimarsha of Rasayana Chikitsa Chapter available from http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Rasayana_Chikitsa#Achara_Rasayana_.28rasayana_effects_of_good_conduct.29 accessed on 28/07/2020</ref>

== Scope of further research ==

== Scope of further research ==