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→Origin and formation:
The WAT carries out functions of storage of fat, whereas BAT is involved in thermogenesis.
The WAT carries out functions of storage of fat, whereas BAT is involved in thermogenesis.
The third but poorly understood marrowfat cells (unilocular cells) are also derived from mesenchymal stem cells. These cells expand in states of low bone density but additionally expands in the setting of obesity.
The third but poorly understood marrowfat cells (unilocular cells) are also derived from mesenchymal stem cells. These cells expand in states of low bone density but additionally expands in the setting of obesity.<ref>Styner M, Pagnotti GM, McGrath C, Wu X, Sen B, Uzer G, Xie Z, Zong X, Styner MA, Rubin CT, Rubin J (August 2017). "Exercise Decreases Marrow Adipose Tissue Through ß-Oxidation in Obese Running Mice". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 32 (8): 1692–1702. doi:10.1002/jbmr.3159. PMC 5550355. PMID 28436105</ref>
• '''Embryonic development:'''
• '''Embryonic development:'''
• '''Quantity and measurement:'''
• '''Quantity and measurement:'''
The total weight of fat in an average human adult measures about 13.5 kg. There are 30 billion fat cells. In case of excess weight gain, the fat cells show a fourfold increase in size before dividing and increasing the absolute number of fat cells present.
The total weight of fat in an average human adult measures about 13.5 kg. There are 30 billion fat cells. In case of excess weight gain, the fat cells show a fourfold increase in size before dividing and increasing the absolute number of fat cells present.<ref>Robert P (2001). Fat: fighting the obesity epidemic. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. pp. 68. ISBN 978-0-19-511853-7.
Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocyte#cite_note-:0-3 cited on 18/05/2020
</ref>
• '''Functions:'''
• '''Functions:'''
This pathophysiology can be linked as follows:
This pathophysiology can be linked as follows:
Excess nutrition leads to the expansion of fat mass and an increase in the size of adipocytes (hypertrophy). This leads to obesity. In the fat cells of obese individuals, there is increased production of metabolism modulators, such as glycerol, hormones, macrophage stimulating chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the development of insulin resistance. Insulin plays a major role in fat production in adipocytes, synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and stimulating lipogenesis. It also plays a role in the uptake of glucose by muscles. The malfunctioning of insulin in turn leads to diabetes.
Excess nutrition leads to the expansion of fat mass and an increase in the size of adipocytes (hypertrophy). This leads to obesity. In the fat cells of obese individuals, there is increased production of metabolism modulators, such as glycerol, hormones, macrophage stimulating chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the development of insulin resistance.</ref>Kahn SE, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM (December 2006). "Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes". Nature. 444 (7121): 840-6. doi:10.1038/nature05482. PMID 17167471</ref> Insulin plays a major role in fat production in adipocytes, synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and stimulating lipogenesis. It also plays a role in the uptake of glucose by muscles. The malfunctioning of insulin in turn leads to diabetes.
==Current researches: ==
==Current researches: ==