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Line 1,275: − + − 6. Various psychoses due to possession of grahas & bhutas (supernatural beings) are included under agantuja unmada, which should be regarded as suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, paranoia and various other paranoid states. Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized by predominance of delusions.+ − 7. It is important to mention that grahas have been christened only on the basis of the resemblance of the clinical features of the afflicted individual with the activities of those grahas e.g. gods, gandharvas etc. It is not that these have entered into the boby of the afflicted individual. This is just the way of presentation and the writing style in Ayurveda to personify an event/process. This form of presentation is somewhat similar to syndromic classification in conventional modern medicine. Because of similarity of clinical symptoms, the patients are said to be suffering from so and so grahas. These individual syndromes can also be correlated to a single disease entity from modern perspective.+ − + − I. Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa (rational treatment):+ + + + +
→Nija unmada (endogenous psychoses)
#All types of chronic, incapacitating psychotic conditions are included under the category of ''sannipatika / tridoshaja unmada''. Hebephrenic schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia and residual schizophrenia come under this category, again the difference being predominance of the ''doshas'' involved in the psychopathogenesis.
#All types of chronic, incapacitating psychotic conditions are included under the category of ''sannipatika / tridoshaja unmada''. Hebephrenic schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia and residual schizophrenia come under this category, again the difference being predominance of the ''doshas'' involved in the psychopathogenesis.
Agantuja unmada (exogenous psychoses):
===== ''Agantuja unmada'' (exogenous psychoses)=====
#Various psychoses due to possession of ''grahas'' and ''bhutas'' (supernatural beings) are included under ''agantuja unmada'', which should be regarded as suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, paranoia and various other paranoid states. Paranoid schizophrenia is characterized by predominance of delusions.
Management of unmada:
#It is important to mention that ''grahas'' have been christened only on the basis of the resemblance of the clinical features of the afflicted individual with the activities of those grahas e.g. gods, gandharvas etc. It is not that these have entered into the the body of the afflicted individual. This is just the way of presentation and the writing style in Ayurveda to personify an event/process. This form of presentation is somewhat similar to syndromic classification in conventional modern medicine. Because of similarity of clinical symptoms, the patients are said to be suffering from some ''graha.'' These individual syndromes can also be correlated to a single disease entity from modern perspective.
==== Management of ''unmada'' ====
===== ''Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa'' (rational treatment) =====
The purification procedures prescribed in unmade are :(1) Nasya (2) Vamana (3) Virecana (4) Niruha basti (5) Anuvasana basti. Besides these five chief karmas, two other preparatory and axillary karmas are indicated i.e. snehana karma and swedana karmas. Snehana karmas are also carried out as shamana (pacification) therapy with low dose sneha. Especially in major psychiatric illness it is considered as a separate therapy. The other measures like pradeha, utsadana, abhyanga, dhuma, snehapana, etc. are also administered which stimulates the mind, intellect, memory and consciousness of the patient.
The purification procedures prescribed in unmade are :(1) Nasya (2) Vamana (3) Virecana (4) Niruha basti (5) Anuvasana basti. Besides these five chief karmas, two other preparatory and axillary karmas are indicated i.e. snehana karma and swedana karmas. Snehana karmas are also carried out as shamana (pacification) therapy with low dose sneha. Especially in major psychiatric illness it is considered as a separate therapy. The other measures like pradeha, utsadana, abhyanga, dhuma, snehapana, etc. are also administered which stimulates the mind, intellect, memory and consciousness of the patient.
Siravedha (venesection): Besides the above methods, surgical techniques like siravedha (venesection) are also advocated in the treatment of mental disorders and hysteria.
Siravedha (venesection): Besides the above methods, surgical techniques like siravedha (venesection) are also advocated in the treatment of mental disorders and hysteria.